• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.406-416
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated sexual knowledge, its related factors, and the needs of sex education among elementary, middle, and high school students in order to develop a sex education program. Method: The participants comprised 721 students in grades 5 through 12, from Seoul and the Kyeonggi-do area, in South Korea. Data was collected from the end of August through the end of September 2014, using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. SPSS Statistics 21.0 was used for the descriptive analysis, chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regressions. Results: Higher-grade students had a higher level of sexual knowledge than lower-grade students, but the overall level of sexual knowledge was low. Multivariate analysis showed that gender, grade, school record, and experiences of sex education from family and school were significant predictors of sexual knowledge among adolescents. Coping skills related to sexual crisis situations was the most wanted content of sex education. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that it is important to develop a sex education program that considers the needs of sex education among adolescents. Also, it is important to periodically perform a survey to identify the need of sex education among elementary, middle, and high school students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.330-338
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• 2014

This study investigated the relationships among hope, empathy and happiness of middle school students. The participants were 383 second year middle school students. The data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson's Correlation Analysis and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis with SPSS WINDOWS 18.0. The results of this study were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in middle school students' happiness according to the level of hope and empathy. That is, the students who had high levels of hope and empathy had higher happiness than those with a low level of hope and empathy. (2) There were significant positive correlations among hope, empathy and happiness of middle school students. (3) Agency thinking, empathic concern, perspective-taking were significant variables in predicting the happiness of middle school students. The results of this study suggest the need to consider methods to increase a middle school students' hope and empathy, which are examples of an individual's positive inner variables, that enhance the middle school students' happiness.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.535-547
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• 2011

This study examined the effects of emotional intelligence and entertainer idolization on school life adjustment of middle school students. For this study, questionnaires were administered to 300 first graders attending three different middle schools. The results were analyzed using correlation and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/PC window program. The results were as follows. Firstly, general trends of emotional intelligence showed a slightly higher than average score. The score of entertainer idolization was relatively low and the characteristic factor score was higher than the assessment factor score. For school life adjustment, the factor having the highest influence was relationship with friends. Secondly, the most influential factor on school life adjustment was emotional regulation, followed by academic grades, emotional recognition, emotional expression, and empathy. In conclusion, the level of entertainer idolization in middle school students was moderate. The important influential factors on school life adjustment were emotional intelligence factors and academic grades. In particular, emotional regulation was found to have the greatest influence.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the middle school and high school student's environmental consciousness and clothing behavior for environmental protection in their home, and to present the basic educational material for the reasonable clothing behavior which could help the environmental problems. This study was done by self-administered questionaires to the 439 middle school and high school students, and done from March to April in 1997. Frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. $\chi$$^2$-test, t-test, and F-test were done for group differences, and Duncan's multiple range test was followed. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Environmental consciousness was higher at the middle school students, at good graded students, and at the good news receivers who watch or listen to the mass media frequently. And also environmental consciousness was higher at the students who separate and dispose waste practically and at those who realize the need of environmental education. 2. Those who purchase clothes reasonably in their home, practising the clothing behavior for environmental protection, were the middle school students, and the students sho watch or listen news frequently through the mass media. And those who manage clothes well in their home were the middle school students, metropolitan area residents, good news receivers, and residents in apartments. Those who separate and dispose waste well, those who have experienced much environmental education, those who know better the environmental protection marks which are attatched to the low pollution products and those who realize the need of environmental education seriously, were almost the same students who buy and manage clothes reasonably in their home, practising the clothing behavior for the environmental protection. And those who feel much more environmental education seriously were those who reuse clothes practically in their home. 3. As the students had the higher environmental consciousness level, the better they practised the clothing behavior for environmental protection in their home. The major sources of the students'knowledge and information about environment were from the mass medea, and then from school teachers.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate middle school students’perception about Home Economics Education in order to provide the basic materials to improve Home Economics curriculum. For this purpose reviewing literatures and empirical research were conducted. the subjects were 661(fourteen-year-ole(8th graders) enrolled in middle school in Seoul and Gyeongsang-nam-do. Statistical methods adopted for data analysis were frequencies, mean standard deviation, ONEWAY ANOVA, Chi-square. Major findings were as follows: 1. The middle school students’perception about Home Economics Education differed with sex of subjects. That is, girl students’perception was higher than boy students’perception. 2. The middle school students’perception about Home Economics subject varied across parents’education level. 3. There was no significant difference in the middle school students’perception about Home Economics Education according to existence of mother’s Job. 4. There was a significant difference in the middle school students’perception about Home Economics Education according to region. That is the perception about the contents of eating life role was high in rural and the daily life as a consumer and resources application was high in Seoul. 5.The middle school students’perception about Home Economics Education varied across subject distinction. That is the perception of boy students who chose Industrial Arts$.$Home Economics subject was high.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 1997

In order to investigate the complaint rates of subjective fatigue symptoms and study the relationship between them and body type, health awareness in middle school students, we carried out a survey of 1,209 students (654 boy students and 555 girl students) at a middle school in Taejon City by a self-recorded questionnaire. The survey was conducted in June, 1997. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Among complaints of fatigue, "feel like lying down" was the highest, followed by "feel anxious about things", "feel drowsy", "yawning a lot", "eye strain" and "whole body feels tired" in descending order. 2. In the average weighted score of fatigue complaint, dullness and sleepiness (I) was the highest, followed by a difficulty in concentration (II) and bodily projection of fatigue (III) in descending order. Fatigue seems to create mental stress rather than physical burdens. 3. In the classification of body type based on the $R\ddot{o}hrer$ index, the obesity type (145 and above) was 11.0%, standard type (110~144) was 64.7% and leptosomic type (l09 and below) was 24.3%. Comparison between both sexes revealed that the rate of obesity and leptosomic types were significantly higher in boy students than in girl students. 4. In terms body type awareness, the statistics are the following: those who consider themselves to be standard type, 44.3%, slightly obese 24.5%, leptosomic, 23.5% and obese 7.8%. However, the level of obesity awareness was significantly higher in girl students than in boy students. 5. As for health awareness, 36.5% considered themselves healthy, 5.4% generally healthy and 10.1% a little unhealthy, but the level of unhealthy awareness was higher in girl students than in boy students. 6. In the relationship between body type and health awareness, most students thought that they were obese in spite of their standard body type. Also, many students who were obese and leptosomic tended to consider themselves to be a little unhealthy. 7. The more the students were obese or felt unhealthy, the more the average weighted score of fatigue complaints was high.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1732-1739
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors that influence consumption pattern of snacks of middle school students. The subjects of study were 607 middle school students (male: 316, female: 291) in Ilsan area. The subjects were surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire about anthropometrics, mother's employed status, parents' education level, and snack consumption pattern. Male students showed higher consumption in 'milk and milk products' (p<0.05), 'instant noodles' (p<0.01), and 'cereal' (p<0.05). In the other hand, female students showed higher consumption in 'biscuits, cookies' (p<0.01) and 'candy and chocolates' (p<0.01). Subjects in underweight group showed higher frequency in the consumption of 'biscuits, cookies' (p<0.05) and 'candy and chocolates' (p<0.001) compared with normal weight or overweight subjects. The subjects with mother not having a job showed higher consumption of snacks under controlling parents (p<0.001), and higher consumption in 'fruit and fruit juice' (p<0.05) and 'milk and milk products' (p<0.01) compared to the subjects with mother having a job. The subjects with parents having higher education level showed higher of consumption in 'fast food'. These results suggest that general characteristics of the subjects and characteristics of family environment may affect consumption pattern of snacks in middle school students.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-79
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• 1985

The purpose of our survey study was to investigate the status on perception and actual state toward science educational evaluation and objectives of middle school science teachers in Pusan. The perception and actual state were surveyed by the questionaire which was developed by Jong-Ok Woo et. al. We developed two kinds of questionaire. One is designed to use Likert type scale and is composed of two main category(SE; Science educational evaluation, SO; Science educational objectives) which contains 21 question items, and the other has 16 question items From 313 science teacger's responses of 75 middle schools in pusan, the tendency. of total(SE+SO) and each sub category, and the contrast with their background and actual state were analized by SPSS program of KAIST. Some results of our survey study can be summarized as follows; 1. Total tendency of science educational evaluation(SE) and objectives(SO) of middle school science teachers in pusan shows a positive and right tendency of conception in general(m-85.8/100). 2. Tendency of SE(m-87.8/100) are slightly higher than SO(m-81.7/100). At the level of 5% significance, there are correlated but shows low correlation (r=0.12(4). 3. In each correlation toward total tendency(SE+SO), SE is highly correlated(r-0.8486) but SO is moderately correlated(r=0.6297) at the level of 0.1% significance. 4. Tendencies of 5sub category (PE, PC, PD, PO, PB) shows considerably right tendencies (m=$73.4/100{\sim}92.7/100$), there are moderately correlated foward total tendency(SE+SO) at the level of 0.1% significance (r=$0.49{\sim}0.60$). 5. At the level of 5%significance, total means are no differences which their background(Sex, Final alma mate, Major, Difference of training), but there is differences to teaching career at the level of 5% significance.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-122
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• 2018

It is crucial to understand the characteristics of learner questioning due to the effects it has on learning. This study focuses on the effects of middle school students questioning on their academic achievement in an online inquiry learning environment. A survey of 827 middle school students was conducted; the students took part in an online math and science program offered by a center for the gifted. Throughout the survey, learner questioning was analyzed, and its correlation with academic achievement was investigated. An analysis was based on questioning categories of a low- and high-level questions from previous studies. Through the survey, it was found that the number of learner questions asked in the online environment was small, but the number of low- and high-level questions were almost equal. Secondly, the higher the academic achievement level of the student, the higher the possibility they would ask either low- or high-level questions. Lastly the group of students in both low- and high-levels of questioning earned the highest average scores on formative evaluations and inquiry tasks. This indicates that regardless of the level of questions, the act of questioning itself is highly related to the academic achievement. However, in the case of advanced learning projects, the quality of questioning and high-level questioning affected the academic achievement of students. Based on these results, implications for the encouragement of learner questioning and support for asking high-level question are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine dietary attitudes of students and changes in their attitudes toward the school lunch service. The participants of the study were 483 students ranging from third grade elementary school students to middle school sophomores living in the Seoguipo area of Jeju Island. The subjects were asked to complete questionnaires under the supervision of their teachers or dietitians, and data were grouped into elementary school 3rd and 4th grades, elementary school 5th and 6th grades; and middle school 1st and 2nd grades for each gender. There were no significant differences among the groups with respect to their regularity of food intake, dietary considerations, or the frequency of imbalance in their diets. In the case of female participants, their frequency of snacking decreased as their grade level increased. In general, the overall changes in dietary attitudes became more negative as their grade level increased. Male students demanded increased serving sizes of both staple food and side dishes, while female students demanded increased serving sizes dishes, but not staple food as their grade levels increased. there was also an increase in the number of student sin higher grades who discarded or did not eat enough their entire meals. The major reasons for not eating the food were : no taste to the food and not proper saltiness of food. These results may suggest that school dietitians need to pay more attention to increased taste and proper seasoning of meals. Students suggested that the school lunch service should be continued, but that it needs improvement. Students in higher grades were more aware of the importance of the environment in which the meal was provided. Also, an early education in nutrition and healthy diets seemed important in preparing them for following a healthy lifestyle in later life.