• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.3 s.116
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• pp.207-217
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• 2006

Although ceramic brackets have been used widely for improved esthetics during treatment, ceramic brackets have some inherent problems; brittleness, attrition of the opposing teeth and high frictional resistance. This study was performed to understand the frictional resistance of the ceramic brackets, as well as to be a helpful reference for finding the solutions to the problem of frictional resistance. Three different kinds of brackets were used; metal bracket, polycrystalline ceramic brackets with a metal slot to reduce the high frictional resistance and monocrystalline ceramic brackets. The brackets were tested with a $.019{\times}.025$ stainless steel wire with a second order angulation of $0^{\circ}\;and\;10^{\circ}$, and the static and kinetic frictional forces were measured on the universal testing machine. The results of this study showed that the ceramic brackets, especially the monocrystalline ceramic bracket without a metal slot, generated higher frictional resistance than the metal bracket, and the frictional resistance was increased as the angulation between the bracket slot and the wire increased. Therefore, the development of the ceramic bracket with reduced frictional resistance and the prevention of excessive crown tipping during orthodontic treatment will lead to the simultaneous attainment of more efficient and improved esthetic treatment goals.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.82
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• pp.5-45
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to extract the necessity and core tasks of the local records management agency, and to establish standards for transferring records and select important records for the Gyeongsangnam-do Archives. In reality, local records management institutions cannot accommodate all records for more than 30 years of preservation. In addition, in order to realize the establishment value of the local archives, it is necessary to select and transfer records that can explain the institution. Currently, the local archives do not have their own standards other than legal transfer standards, or even if they do, they are insufficient. The record management standard, which is known as a legal transfer standard, has several problems internally, but in practice, it is not a problem to transfer it to the standard. However, the more you continue to operate, the higher the demand for explanation of the records to be preserved will be, and if you cannot, the need for the institution will be challenged. Therefore, this study defined the procedures in the order of setting recording goals, selecting topics, and defining series suitable for the Gyeongsangnam-do Archives by applying the UK TNA's record collection policy and the strategic selection policy, OSP (Operational Selection Policies). Through this, by selecting the target of the transfer of records of the Gyeongsangnam-do Archives, the need for policy discussions on the preservation and selection of important records of the local archives was mentioned.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.259-279
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• 2000

This study is a descriptive analytic research measuring nursing service quality, using SERVQUAL model, to make fundamental data and strategies for nursing service improvement. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from 202 patients and 142 nurses, from June 7 to 14, 1999. The reliability of instrument were adequate(Cronbach ${\alpha}=.94$). SAS program was utilized for statistical analysis of collected data. The results were as follows; 1. There was a gab between patient's expectation and perception on nursing service(Gap B). Gap D was indicated an affecting factor to decide nursing service quality. Gap C was indicated an indirect affecting factor of nursing service quality. Because it was not statistically significant in total item analysis, but in individual item analysis, 7 items were appeared statistically significant. Gap A was not a gap occurrence factor of nursing service quality. 2. Focuses of nursing service quality improvement strategies were; (1) to direct qualitative improvement of nursing service in order to correspondence patient's nursing service expectation. (2) to make nurse's service activity modified because nurse's practice were not reached patient's expectation level. (3) to need internal, external factor analysis affecting nurse's service activity. 3. Nursing service quality was decided by rather environmental inappropriateness provided nursing service than itself. Therefore, to make nursing service quality improvement, it is required to improve nursing service environment. For this, followings are required; (1) to strengthen nurse's education on lower part of nursing service satisfaction and QI activities. (2) to balance demand and supply of nursing personnel. 3) to fix computerized system for reducing other duties weight except nursing care through analysis of nursing activity. (4) to construct rational cooperating system among related departments. 4. The important parts for nursing service quality improvement were indicated as follows: (1) Gap B: 'prompt reaction', 'examination symptom before patient's complaint', 'hearted nursing service reducing patient's dissatisfaction', 'explanation goals of nursing activities', 'having special Knowledge enough', 'maintenance position comfortably', 'management of patient's physical hygiene'. (2) Gap C: 'maintenance physical safety', 'explanation about hospital rules and facilities'. (3) Gap D: 'tender, safe injection and wound care'. Because above items are mostly improved through nurse's attitude change and quality improvement, it is required to establish nursing standardization and to strengthen nurse's clinical education. As the based on above results, followings are suggested; 1. SERVQUAL model is very useful to make strategies for nursing service quality improvement because it indicates multiple factors affecting hap occurrence. 2. At individual items analysis of Gap C, statistically significant 7 items appeared higher nurse's perception level than patient's perception level on nursing service were trouble perception level on nursing service quality improvement. So. it need further research to analysis about these difference occurring factors. 3. At analysis of Gap D, it is indicated that in nursing service performance process, multiple factors lowing nursing service quality were intruded. So it needs further research to analysis what these factors are and how each factors affect on nursing performance process. 4. nursing service quality measurement is changeable according to sample select time or sampled subject's characteristics. So to develope strategy for nursing service quality improvement is based on the results of periodical analysis.

• CRM연구
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

The consumer's expectation of companies' social responsibilities has been continuously getting higher as the consumerism has been matured. So, the company has faced the shift to move forward to the positive social activity such as charity, donation, and sponsorship. In addition, the company which does make a success needs to reach goals not only to maximize profits but also to make justices of social and cultural boundaries. Thus, success of an enterprise aims at the maximization of profits as the economic objective and the creation of competitive, powerful brands. Accordingly, as enterprises consider social responsibility as the concept of effective investment to enhance the asset value of corporation, they seek to extend their brands in order to pursue cause-related marketing, which accomplishes and complements two objectives each other the performance of social responsibility and the pursuit of powerful brand assets. In Korea, there are traditional ritual ceremonies such as ceremonies of coming-of-age, marriage, funeral, and ancestor worship and they consider those ceremony occasions as very important. Moreover, social positional grade of rank like the two upper classes of old Korea made people pretend to be noble and sensitive to other people around themselves. This old custom could influence Korean people's way of life, especially, consumer-action. This deep rooted custom also could influence consumption life considerably. Through this study, we can understand the consumer behaviors of Korean who consider ritual ceremonies and saving face as essential and are influenced by this culture. on another hand, we intend to check the effects on buying luxury brands.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

A river water level monitoring system which prevents salt water damages and effectively excludes floods has been developed to contribute efficient operation of Nakdong river estuary barrage. The system can be used for monitoring upstream conditions more quickly and do appropriate responses over changes. Telemetry and telecontrols using PLCs have been built at the three sites that directly influence on the operation of barrage gates, and are linked to Nakdong river estuary barrage's IOS (Integrated Operation System) through public communication networks. By using PLC, the system can achieve even higher reliability and versatility than before as well as easy management. By power control devices, we can remotely control the power of PLCs to treat the minor troubles instantly without going on-sites. The power control devices also save data in preparation for the cases of communication failures. The system uses ADSL (FTTH) as a main network between SCADA server and PLCs, and CDMA (M2M) as a secondary network. In order to compensate security vulnerabilities of public communication network, we have installed the VPNs for secure communication between center and the observation stations, just like a dedicated network. Generally, river water level observations have been used custom-manufactured remote terminals to suit their special goals. However, in this case, we have established a system with open architecture considering the interface between different systems, the ease of use and maintenance, security, price, etc.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.sup1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2008

More children today are overweight or obese than ever before. childhood obesity results from an imbalance between the amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy expended. Whether child want to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight, it's important to balance between the calories body takes in and uses. Obesity treatment programs for children and adolescents is to slow or halt weight gain so the child will grow into his or her body weight over a period of months to years. Fasting or extreme caloric restriction is not advisable for children. More physical activity is a key element in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Children can't change their exercise and eating habits by themselves. They need the help and support of their families and parents. Children and adolescents who are just beginning to be physically active should start out slowly and gradually build to higher levels in order to prevent the risk of injury or feel defeated from unrealistic goals. It is important that children and adolescents are encouraged to be physically active by doing things that interest them. FUN physical activities that kids choose to do on their own are often best. Kids need about 60 minutes of physical activity a day, but this does not have to happen all at once. Several short 10- or even 5-minute periods of activity throughout the day are just as good. FUN physical activities will help them establish an active lifestyle early on. Obese people need care not for a short period, but throughout their lives.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.11
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• pp.101-142
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• 1984

This study is a survey of collection development policies in the 40 university libraries among 42 in Korea as of 1984. The survey used a questionnaire with 36 questions concerning the basic elements of the collection development policy. The survey results revealed many problems demanding correction. The measures to correct the problems in the university libraries are as follows. 1. It is desirable that the libraries should have a collection development policy statement written and adopted for the systematic collection building. 2. It is advisable that the libraries should include a function of the materials selection among other various functions of the Library Committee for the purpose of informing administrators of the goals of the libraries and the validity of the budgetary allocation. 3. It is desirable that each library should organize the Collection Development Committee for minimizing the possibility of personal bias on the part of the individual selectors. 4. It is advisable that the primary responsibility for materials selection should be delegated as follows: for the materials for faculty research, to the faculty members; for the other collections, to the professional staff of each department; for the final review of whether or not to purchase, to the Collection Development Committee. 5. It is desirable for the purchase priority of materials to be set up in accordance with the order of 6 levels of collection development. 6. It is advisable that the libraries should, as top priority, purchase materials in direct su n.0, pport of the undergraduate and graduate academic programs, and in subject matter areas other than languages and literature, Korean materials should have not only the higher priority than the foreign language materials, but also maintain the comprehensive collection level. 7. It is desirable that the special collections should be purchased by special funds from the authority, and the special collections librarian should have the responsibility of the materials selection under the advice of the faculty members relating to the subject area. 8. It is advisable that duplicate copies should be bought only for high use items, but for reserve books, by the program enrollment, and textbooks should not be bought in general, except as su n.0, pplemental materials for course work in which they are necessary and heavily used. 9. It is reasonable that the material budget should be distributed as follows: by the ratio for distributing funds, about 60-70% for the library and 30-40% for departments; by the type of materials, about 50% for books, 40% for periodicals and 10% for other materials, or when not bought other materials, about 50-60% for books and 40-50% for periodicals. In addition, it is desirable that undergraduate class enrollment, graduate class enrollment, undergraduate majors, graduate majors, average book cost in the discipline, number of faculty, and use rate by subject should be considered as the factors for the allocation of funds by department, and special consideration should be given to newly-founded departments so the library holdings can be adequate to su n.0, pport them.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.673-683
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• 2016

The purpose of the NCS-based curriculum is to prepare students for practical competencies to perform tasks demanded by industries by applying nationally and industrially developed and certified NCS to the currently held curriculum. In order to achieve this academic goal, education institutions must dedicate their utmost efforts to train trainees to attain flexibility in rapidly changing industry environments and competitiveness to perform the various tasks demanded by industries. The 47th article of the Higher Education Law explains that the purpose of the College corresponds with that of the NCS-based curriculum because the contribution of national and social development is related to the development of an industry. The college purpose and the NCS-based curriculum require close collaboration and cooperation between industries and colleges. This thesis analyzes cases of industry and college cooperation, researches adequate cases that suit the purpose of the NCS-based curriculum and proposes an appropriate industrial-education cooperation model that suits college and NCS-based curriculum by analyzing the cooperation model held by highly acknowledged universities oversea. In addition, this paper proposes a process and guideline to establish the industrial-education cooperation model. The industrial-education cooperation model proposed herein not only practically aligns the NCS-based curriculum to fit the industry environments, but also supports each party in pursuing and achieving its goals through an effective cooperative structure. The NCS-based industrial education model is anticipated to improve colleges' employment rates, allow industries' procurement of brilliant human resources, and contribute to the development of domestic industries through effective college education and training competent professionals for society.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.135-160
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• 2020

This study closely analyzed the curriculum of the Christian Education Counseling Department and the general Education Counseling Department, and found the current status and problems of the curriculum of the Christian Education Counseling Department and the general Education Counsel Department. This study presented a balanced curriculum of the Christian Education Counseling Department with above analysis. For this purpose, the analysis focused on the educational operation process of Christian education counseling departments and general education counseling departments, such as educational goals, subjects, and counseling practical training. The Christian Education Counseling Department and the general Education Counseling Department are often combined with departments such as Christian Education, Youth, Children and Youth, and Lifelong Education, with the characteristics of convergence majors, so the basic subjects of the department were analyzed to have a higher percentage of subjects than counseling subjects. The results of the analysis showed that both departments lacked a considerable number of subjects related to counseling practical training. In the counseling course, the subjects of personal analysis, education analysis, counseling ethics, and counseling case super-vision for the professional development of counselors are still lacking, according to the analysis. In order to train counselors, it was analyzed that the system of systematic clinical practice system, various counseling analysis for counselor education, and the expansion of super vision subjects were urgently needed. In a modern society where the demand for counseling and the need for counseling experts are increasing as society becomes more complex, it is hoped that Korean universities will be able to actively contribute and cooperate in developing models of counseling education and training counseling experts through them, focusing on standardized indicators for fostering counselors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.139-149
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the impact of self-leadership by worker in social enterprises and profit enterprise. For this purpose, 36 social enterprises and commercial enterprises in Chungcheongnam-do and 303 workers were surveyed. Main results are as follows. First, the workers in social enterprises and profit enterprises have many different characteristics. The workers who work in social enterprise is more women, less educated and were the elderly than profit enterprise. This is the reason that social enterprises are employing women, elderly and vulnerable groups by the government's social work support policy. Second, self leadership and all organizational Performance areas in social enterprises is higher than that of profit companies. Third, self-leadership in social enterprise and profit enterprise has positive effect on organizational performance. Therefore, in order to improve the organizational performance of social enterprises must share organizational vision and goals for the workers. It will increase the organizational competitiveness. The Journal of Digital Policy & Management. This space is for the abstract of your study in English.