• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 2018

Each of the two polycarbonates (PC) of different molecular weights was blended with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) under high-shear rate processing to afford PC/ABS. Sizes of ABS dispersed phases and mechanical properties of PC/ABS blends were investigated and high-shear rate processing of PC/ABS was carried out by changing screw speed and processing time. Prepared specimens were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe morphology changes. Sizes of ABS dispersed phases in PC/ABS blends were observed to decrease gradually as screw speeds increased. Tensile strengths and elongations of specimens were investigated by universal testing method (UTM) to study the influence of molecular weight of PC exerting on PC/ABS blends. As a result, PC1/ABS blends (PC1: higher molecular weight PC) exhibited more strengthened properties than PC2/ABS (PC2: lower molecular weight PC). The tensile strength of PC1/ABS showed an increasing tendency when the screw speed increased, and the elongation did not show a significant decrease, but increased slightly with increasing shear time at a constant screw speed of 1000 rpm.

• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 2017

With light vehicle weight gradually becoming ever more importance due to tightened exhaust gas regulations, hot-stamping processing using boron alloyed steel is being applied more and more by major automobile OEMs since process assures both moldability and a high strength of 1.5 GPa. Although laser trimming is generally applied to the post-processing of the hot-stamped process with high strength, there have been many studies of in-die hot trimming using shear dies during the quenching of material in order to shorten processing times. As such, this study investigated the effects of the Shear rate and Shear mechanism on shear processes during the quenching process of hot-stamping material. In case of pad variable, padding force is very weak compared with shear force, so it does not affect the shear surface. In case of shear rate, the higher the shear at high temperatures and the higher the friction effect. As a result the rollover and the fracture distribution decreased, and the burnish distribution increased. Therefore, it is considered that the shear quality is guaranteed when high shear rate is applied in high temperature shear process.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.320-326
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 polycarbonate(PC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) 블렌드의 고속 전단 가공 조건하에서의 열적 물성 변화에 대해 연구하였다. 고전단 압출 성형기(NHSS2-28)를 이용하여 공정조건인 스크류 회전속도와 전단 부하 시간을 변화시키면서 가공하였다. 고전단 부하 실험 후에 유리전이온도($T_g$) 변화를 조사하여, 전단 부하 조건에 따라 약 $143^{\circ}C$에서 약 $133^{\circ}C$로 감소하는 경향을 관찰하였다. 열 중량 분석(TGA)을 통해 열분해 현상을 관찰하여 전단을 가하지 않은 경우 ABS와 PC의 분해곡선이 뚜렷한 두 단계로 나타났으나, 고속 전단 가공을 한 경우 분해하는 경향이 일직선상으로 변화되어 나타났다. 이에 대한 물성변화의 원인을 조사하기 위해 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 관찰하여 분산상의 크기 또한 감소함을 확인하였고, 만능 재료 시험기(UTM)를 이용하여 신율이 고속 전단 가공을 한 경우, 소폭 감소하다가 특정 조건 이상에서는 급격한 감소를 보임을 관찰하였다. 결론적으로 적정한 고속 전단 응력 조건 이하에서는 PC/ABS 블렌드의 유리전이온도가 수렴하고, 적정 조건 이상에서는 유리전이온도가 급감하므로 전단응력에 의해 열화되는 것을 확인하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.382-387
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 PC/ABS 블렌드를 고속전단성형법을 사용하여 제조하였고 스크류 회전속도와 전단부하시간을 공정 변수로 하여 이에 따른 블렌드의 모폴로지 변화를 분석하였다. 블렌드의 모폴로지 및 ABS 분산상의 크기를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 안정한 상 구조와 최적의 물성을 가지는 고속전단성형조건을 확립하였고, 전단응력에 의한 블렌드의 열화 현상을 알아보기 위해 기계적 물성의 변화를 측정하였다. 이 때, 스크류 회전속도는 500 rpm에서 3000 rpm까지 변화시켰으며 전단부하시간은 10초에서 40초까지 주었다. 고속전단성형법을 사용하여 제조한 PC/ABS 블렌드 및 고속전단성형을 가하지 않은PC/ABS 컴파운드의 분산상 크기를 명확하게 관찰하기 위하여 블렌드의 단면에 크롬산 수용액을 이용한 에칭공정을 시행하였고 공정 전후의 모폴로지를 비교 분석하였다. 에칭으로 생긴 블렌드 내의 ABS 홀을 이미지 측정 프로그램인 Image J를 이용하여 측정한 결과, 스크류 회전속도에 따라 그 크기가 감소하였으며 특히 1000 rpm 이상의 스크류 회전속도 하에서 제조된 PC/ABS 블렌드의 경우, 기계적 물성이 급격하게 감소하여 블렌드의 분해가 일어났음을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 PC/ABS 블렌드에 1000 rpm의 스크류 회전속도를 가한 경우, 나노미터 단위의 분산상을 가지며 가장 안정한 상구조를 관찰할 수 있었고 인장강도 및 신율도 상대적으로 높아서 PC/ABS 블렌드의 최적 고속전단성형조건이라 할 수 있다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.471-476
• /
• 2014

Polycarbonate(PC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) 블렌드를 고속전단압출성형기로 1000 rpm 이상의 스크류 속도로 압출하여 전단속도와 전단시간에 따른 PC/ABS 블렌드의 열분해와 기계적 특성을 조사하였다. 고속전단 조건으로 스크류 회전속도를 1000에서 3000 rpm 범위에서 조절하였고, 전단부하시간은 10에서 40초로 변화를 주었다. 그 결과, 2000 rpm 이상의 고속전단을 통해 얻어진 시편의 경우, 고분자의 열분해의 발생으로 열분해 시작 온도가 낮아졌다. 스크류 회전속도와 전단부하시간에 따라 열분해에 의하여 시편의 인장강도와 신율이 낮아지는 결과를 얻었다. 이러한 PC/ABS 블렌드의 고속전단 조건에 따라 기계적 특성이 크게 변화하였으며 특히, 신율이 고속전단에 크게 영향을 받았다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 2008

In this paper experimental results are presented for the rheological behavior of high-solids saccharification of mixed northeast hardwood as a model feedstock. The experimental determination of the viscosity, shear stress, and shear rate relationships of the 10 to 20 percent slurry concentrations with constant enzyme concentrations were performed under variable rotational speed of a viscometer (2.0 to 200 RPM) at combined temperatures (50 to $30^{\circ}C$) for the initial four hours. The viscosities of saccharification slurries observed were in the ranges of 0.024 to 0.028, 0.401 to 0.058, and 0.840 to 0.087 Pa s for shear rates up to 100 reciprocal seconds at 10, 15, and 20 percent initial solids (w/v) respectively. The fluid behavior of the suspensions was modeled using the power-law, the Herschel-Bulkley, the Casson, and the Bingham model. The results showed that broth slurries were pseudoplastic with a yield stress. The model slope increased and the model intercept decreased with increasing fermentation time at shear rates normal for the fermentor. The broth slurries exhibited Newtonian behavior at high and low shear rates during initial saccharification process. The solid particle size ranged from 57.8 to $70.0{\mu}m$ for $40^{\circ}C$ and from 44.0 to 57.5 11m for combined temperatures at 10, 15, and 20 percent initial solids (w/v) respectively.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.418-421
• /
• 2003

Specimens of Ti-10Ta-10Nb have been hot upset forged after heating to either the $\alpha$+$\beta$ and $\beta$-phase field. The variety temperatures (At 650, 700, 750, 800, 85$0^{\circ}C$) and strain rates (At 0.001, 0.01. 0.1, 1, 10 $s^{-1}$ ) were used. On the basis of flow stress data obtained as a function of temperature and strain rate in compression, a processing map for hot working has been developed. At strain rates lower than about 0.1 $s^{-1}$ and almost temperatures, processing efficiency exhibited high, but at 0.001 $s^{-l}$, and temperature 80$0^{\circ}C$, low because the Shear band has occurred. On the basis of the processing map, the optimum processing routes available for hot working of this material are outlined.d.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.438-446
• /
• 1994

The effect of various thermomechanical treatments on the structure and rheological behaviour of Al-6.2wt%Si alloy in its solidification range were investigated using a Searle type high temperature viscometer. During continuous cooling, the viscosity increases gradually with increasing fraction of solidified alloy, until a critical fraction of solidified alloy is reached above which the viscosity sharply increases. The viscosity of the slurry, at a given volume fraction wolid, decreased with increasing shear rate. The size and morphology of primary solid particles during stirring is influenced strongly by shear rates, cooling rates, volume fraction and stirring time of solid. Morphological changes during stirring as a function of solid volume fractions, shear rate and processing time were also reported. In this study, the size of primary solid particles in these alloys consistently increases and the it`s aspect ratio decrease with the increase in fraction solid and decrease in shear rate. Crystal morphology changes from rosette type to spheroid type with the increase in shear rate and solid fraction.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.258-263
• /
• 2013

The deformation behavior of NIMONIC 80A was studied in the high temperature range of $900{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ and for strain rates varying between 0.02 and $20s^{-1}$ via the hot compression test. Processing maps for hot working were constructed on the basis of the power dissipation efficiency using a dynamic material model. The results showed that the strength during hot compression increased with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. At low strains, the processing map of NIMONIC 80A did not reveal any instability domain regardless of the strain rate and temperature. However, at high strains, the processing map exhibited an instability domain at a low strain rate of $0.2s^{-1}$ and within a temperature range of $900{\sim}960^{\circ}C$. In the instability domain, the deformed microstructure exhibited shear bands and carbide precipitation while, in the safe domain, full recrystallization occurred.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.358-363
• /
• 2003

Adiabatic shear bands have been observed in the serrated chip during high strain rate metal cutting process of medium carbon steel and titanium alloy The recent microscopic observations have shown that dynamic recrystallization occurs in the narrow adiabatic shear bands. However the conventional flow stress models such as the Zerilli-Armstrong model and the Johnson-Cook model, in general, do not predict the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in the shear bands and the thermal softening effects accompanied by DRX. In the present study, a strain hardening and thermal softening model is proposed to predict the adiabatic shear localized chip formation. The finite element analysis (FEA) with this proposed flow stress model shows that the temperature of the shear band during cutting process rises above 0.5Τ$_{m}$. The simulation shows that temperature rises to initiate dynamic recrystallization, dynamic recrystallization lowers the flow stress, and that adiabatic shear localized band and the serrated chip are formed. FEA is also used to predict and compare chip formations of two flow stress models in orthogonal metal cutting with AISI 1045. The predictions of the FEA agreed well with the experimental measurements.s.