• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.50-60
• /
• 2021

Objective: This study investigated the mRNA expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the sperm of oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) and teratozoospermic (TER) men compared to normozoospermic (NOR) men, as well as the relationships between GABA receptor expression and sperm parameters, fertilization rate, and embryo quality. Methods: The mRNA expression of GABA A-α1 and GABA B-R2 receptors in sperm was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in three groups of patients: NOR (n=32), OAT (n=22), and TER (n=45). The fertilization rate and embryo quality were assessed in 35 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI; 10 NOR, 10 OAT, and 15 TER men). Results: OAT men had significantly higher mRNA expression of GABA A-α1 and GABA B-R2 receptors in sperm than NOR men; however, the difference between TER and NOR men was not significant. High levels of these receptors were significantly correlated with low sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, as well as the rate of good-quality embryos (GQEs) at the cleavage stage after ICSI. Patients whose female partners had a >50% GQE rate at the cleavage stage had significantly lower levels of GABA A-α1 receptor expression than those whose partners had a ≤50% GQE rate. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that mRNA levels of GABA receptors in human sperm are correlated with poor sperm quality and associated with embryo development after ICSI treatment. The GABA A-α1 receptor in sperm has a stronger relationship with embryo quality at the cleavage stage than the GABA B-R2 receptor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.966-975
• /
• 1999

Technologies on preimplantation porcine embryos have been developed quickly and significantly. Successful development of systems for culture of porcine zygotes to the blastocyst stage has made it possible to utilize follicular oocytes for in vitro production of embryos and thus stimulated research on various embryo technologies. Recent technological development of embryo cryopreservation, separation of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa and non-surgical embryo transfer has also made it easy to utilize in vivo- and in vitro-produced embryos for artificial manipulation to produce clones and transgenic pigs. Further progress in overcoming various problems associated with each embryo technology will result in acceptable efficiency to utilize porcine embryos with a high or increased quality. Combining these technologies will accelerate further expansion of the swine industry not only for meat production but also for the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins and xonografts.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1988

An observational study was conducted to evaluate the effect of anterior pituitary gonadtropin on super-ovulation in donors, embryo quality, development stage of embryo, transfer location, corpus luteum quality of recipient, ease of transfer and induced versus natural estrus on pregnancy rates. The data were collected from 451 non-surgical transfers of fresh and frozen bovine embryos. 1. The average number of CL, formed in ovaries which were stimulated with follicular stimulating hormone, and/or APG, were 11. 1${\pm}$1.21, 12.3${\pm}$1.84, respectively. The numbers of embryos recovered were 8.2${\pm}$1.35, 8.7${\pm}$ 1.39, and the numbers of transferable embryos were 6.4${\pm}$0.98. 6.6${\pm}$1.01. respectively. 2 There was no effect of spontaneous versus prostaglandin-induced estrus of recipients on pregnany rates of either fresh (61.5% vs. 59.5%) or previously frozen(54.5% vs. 58.5%) embryos. 3. There were significant differences(p<0.05) in pregnancy rates for embryo grade 1(63.6%), grade 2 (45.4%) and grade 3 (30.4％) in fresh group and for grade-1 (60.5%), grade-2 (47.8%) and grade-3 (18.1%) in previously frozen embryos. 4. The recipients transfered with embryo morulae were found to have a lower (p<0.05) pregnancy rates than those transfered with embryos of blastocyst in be th fresh and previously frozen embryos. 5. There was no significant difference between transfer locations in pregnancy rates using both fresh and frozen embryos. 6. Attempts to select recipients for high pregnancy rates on the basis of corpus luteum (CL) quality were performed. CL were classified into 3 quality grades, on the basis of size and prominence. Quality grades 1 and 2 group had higher (p<0.05) pregnancy rates than grade-3 group using both fresh and frozen embryos. 7 Ease of transfer was ranked to a scale of one to three on the basis of increasing difficulty (time required). Transfers ranted as ease score 1 and 2 had significantly higher (P<0.05) pregnancy pregnancy rates (45.8%, 66.6%) than ease score 3 (27.7%, 31.8%) using both fresh and frozen embryos respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2000

Objective: The objective of this study is to influence of sequential embryo transfers in an invitro fertilization was examined. Method: After in vitro fertilization, a maximum of 6 fertilized oocytes was enrolled in this study. At day 3 after an oocytes retrieval, embryos with good quality were transferred (mean 4.9), remaining embryos (mean 2.0/cycle) were cryopreserved at blastocyst stage (Group 1). At day 5 after oocytes collection, second a embryo transfer (mean 1.2/cycle) was performed, if one of these embryos had reached the blastocyst stage (Group 2) using P1 supplemented with 10 SSS and 30% Follicular fluid. No statistical difference in the pregnancy rate could be seen between the group without a second embryo transfer (n=21; 28.6%) and the group with a second transfer (n=52; 28.8%). Results: The incidence of multiple pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was not statistically different between both group and no high-rank multiple pregnancy (greater than triplete) were observed (0.9%, 15.4%, respectively, p=0.74, ${\chi}^2$). Out of 114 cycles (506 embryos) cultured embryos in group 2, 52 cycles (159 embryos, 29.8%) reached the blastocyst stage. Conclusion: The second transfer did not have a significant effect on the pregnancy rate. The most important factor for the pregnancy seems to be the quality of the embryos transferred on day 3 following oocyte retrieval. We recommend embryo transfer is performed only one, day $2{\sim}3$ or D5.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 2002

There have been intensive attempts to establish reliable methods far in vitro production (IVP) methods for of porcine embryos. Although a great deal of progress has been made, our current IVP systems still need to be improved. In this review, we focused on studies about in vitro maturation and fertilization (IVM-IVF) of porcine oocytes and their in vitro culture (IVC), especially on an excellent piglets production system using modified IVP system producing porcine blastocysts with high Quality.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.89-109
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the effects of herbal medicine with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) based on the current evidence. Methods: Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCT) searched from Pubmed which compared a combination of herbal medicine and IVF with IVF alone were included. Results: Sixteen trials, in which 2025 women involved, were included in this review. The review results showed that the effect of traditional herbal medicine can improve the clinical pregnancy rate (herbal medicine intervention: 30.36~63.64%, Control: 9.38~47.5%) and rate of high quality oocytes and embryos. The mechanism may be through regulating follicular fluid to improve microenvironment for oocytes which would lead to a successful embryo implantation. Conclusions: This analysis showed that combination of IVF and traditional herbal medicine used in the included trials improve clinical pregnancy rate and IVF success. During in vitro fertilization, TCM can regulate the microenvironment in the follicular fluid to mature the oocyte, improve the quality of the embryo, and help the development and implantation of the embryo. Further large randomized placebo controlled trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of traditional herbal medicine with concurrent IVF.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.15.1-15.10
• /
• 2014

Background: Morphologically classifying embryos is important for numerous laboratory techniques, which range from basic methods to methods for assisted reproduction. However, the standard method currently used for classification is subjective and depends on an embryologist's prior training. Thus, our work was aimed at developing software to classify morphological quality for blastocysts based on digital images. Methods: The developed methodology is suitable for the assistance of the embryologist on the task of analyzing blastocysts. The software uses artificial neural network techniques as a machine learning technique. These networks analyze both visual variables extracted from an image and biological features for an embryo. Results: After the training process the final accuracy of the system using this method was 95%. To aid the end-users in operating this system, we developed a graphical user interface that can be used to produce a quality assessment based on a previously trained artificial neural network. Conclusions: This process has a high potential for applicability because it can be adapted to additional species with greater economic appeal (human beings and cattle). Based on an objective assessment (without personal bias from the embryologist) and with high reproducibility between samples or different clinics and laboratories, this method will facilitate such classification in the future as an alternative practice for assessing embryo morphologies.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 고급육을 생산한 한우의 유전자를 재활용하기 위해 기초 등록우와 혈통 등록우의 육질등급이 1 등급 이상인 암소의 난소에서 개체별로 채취한 난포란을 개체별로 각각 체외 성숙, 체외 수정 및 체외 배양하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 기초 등록우의 육질 등급별로 회수된 난포란은 각각 1 등급 평균 28.9개, $1^+$등급 평균 28.8개, $1^{++}$ 등급 29.6개로 평균 29.0개였다. 기초 등록우의 육질 등급별 배반포배 형성율은 각각 1 등급 27.2%, $1^+$ 등급 28.7%, $1^{++}$ 등급 32.9%로 평균 8.4개의 배반포배가 생산되었으며, 배반포배 형성율은 육질등급간에 유의적 차이가 없었다. 혈통 등록우의 육질 등급별로 회수된 난포란은 각각 1 등급 평균 25.8개, $1^+$등급 평균 27.1개, $1^{++}$ 등급 27.0개로 평균 26.7개였다. 혈통 등록우의 육질 등급별 배반포배 형성율은 각각 1 등급 23.0%, $1^+$ 등급 33.7%, $1^{++}$등급 42.6%로 평균 8.6개의 배반포배가 생산되었으며, 배반포배 형성율은 육질등급간에 유의적 차이가 있었다(p<0.05).

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2009

It is not easy for porcine embryos produced by in vitro systems to develop into blastocysts with high quality. To solve this problem, many researchers have developed novel culture methods. However, the formation of blastocysts with high quality is still low. In this study, we aimed to produce piglet following transfer of in vitro produced early embryos ($2{\sim}4$ cell stage embryos) or morula and blastocyst. The $2{\sim}4$ cell stage embryos were transferred to five estrus-synchronized recipients (200 embryos per recipient). One of the five sows farrowed three piglets, which contain two live piglets and one dead piglet, 114 days after embryo transfer. However, two recipients transferred with morula and blastocysts did not farrow. Microsatellite analysis confirmed that the genomic DNA of two live piglets were not genetically identical to that of the recipient. These results indicate that it is possible to obtain piglets by transfer of early embryos produced by in vitro production (IVP) systems.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.271-280
• /
• 2018

Here, we evaluated the mode of programmed cell death during porcine oocyte maturation by comparing the two major pathways associated with programmed cell death, apoptosis (type I), and autophagy (type II). We investigated the expression and localization of major genes involved in autophagy and apoptosis at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the effect of hormonal stimulation on autophagy and apoptosis was analyzed. We found that the activity of autophagy-associated genes was increased in the cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) following follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment, while the addition of luteinizing hormone (LH) reversed this effect. The expression of proteins associated with autophagy was the highest in FSH-treated COCs. On the other hand, caspase-3 protein level was maximum in COCs cultured with LH. The treatment with rapamycin resulted in the effect similar to that observed with FSH treatment and increased autophagy activity. Thus, hormonal stimulation of pig oocytes resulted in distinct patterns of maturation. The high-quality oocytes majorly relied on the type II pathway (autophagy), while the type I pathway (apoptosis) was more prominent among poor-quality oocytes. Further investigation of this distinction may allow the development of techniques to produce high-quality oocytes in porcine in vitro fertilization.