• Title/Summary/Keyword: High efficiency level

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Effects of Sorghum Tannins, a Tannin Binder (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) and Sorghum Inclusion Level on the Performance of Broiler Chicks

  • Ambula, M.K.;Oduho, G.W.;Tuitoek, J.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.14 no.9
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    • pp.1276-1281
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    • 2001
  • The feeding values of four indigenous Kenyan sorghum cultivars and the effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the utilization of high tannin sorghum by broiler chicks were studied in two 3-week feeding trials. In Experiment 1, one hundred and five broiler chicks (initial average weight 97 g) were randomly assigned to each one of the seven grain-soybean meal diets. The diets consisted of maize [diet 1; no assayable tannin], white sorghum [diet 2; 0.59% catechin equivalents (CE)], cream sorghum [diet 3; 0.94% CE], light brown sorghum [diet 4; 2.71% CE] and dark brown sorghum [diet 5; 3.54% CE]. Diets 6 and 7 were included to test the possibility of overcoming the detrimental effects of sorghum tannins by adding PVP at 0.25% and 0.5% to dark brown sorghum, which resulted in dietary tannin levels of 3.46% and 3.38% CE respectively. In Experiment 2, the effects of tannin on dry matter digestibility (DMD) and nitrogen (N) retention were studied in a 3-week substitution assay in which high tannin sorghum (5% CE) was substituted for white maize at different inclusion levels. Ninety broiler chicks aged 7 days (initial average weight 102 g) were randomly assigned to each one of the six diets. The diets consisted of corn gluten meal and fishmeal as protein sources plus maize [diet 1] and high tannin sorghum at different inclusion levels [diets 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6], resulting in dietary tannin levels of 0, 1.25%, 1.66%, 2.08%, 2.5% and 3.2% CE respectively. Feed intake, feed efficiency and body weight gain were measured weekly. In Experiment 2, tannin absorption, DMD and N retention were measured on days 19, 20 and 21. The results of Experiment 1 showed that feed intake, feed efficiency and body weight gain were all affected by treatment (p<0.05). Diets 1, 2 and 3 gave similar body weight gains and all were better than diets 4 and 5 (i.e. 504, 517, 473 g, vs. 256, 267 g). Similarly, feed efficiencies were higher (p<0.05) for diets 1, 2 and 3 compared to diets 4 and 5 (0.4, 0.42, 0.39 vs. 0.21, 0.23). When 0.25% PVP was added to the dark brown sorghum (diet 6) there was no significant improvement in chick performance (p>0.05). However, addition of 0.5% PVP (diet 7) resulted in significant improvement (p<0.05) in body weight gain compared to the untreated dark brown sorghum. Overall, PVP did not completely overcome the deleterious effects of tannins. The results of Experiment 2 indicate that sorghum inclusion level and subsequent tannin level had no effect on feed intake, feed efficiency, weight gain, DMD and N retention. The above results suggest that tannin level should be limited to below 2.71% CE in broiler chick diets containing 20% CP and 0.4% methionine. However, in diets with 23% CP and 0.8% methionine tannin level of up to 3.2% will not affect performance. Consequently high tannin sorghum (5% CE) can be used to substitute for white maize by up to 100% in broiler chick diets.

Effects of Invasive Low Level Laser Acupuncture Therapy(LLLAT) at LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 on the Hyperlipemia Rats Induced by High Fat Diet (열결(列缺), 여구, 열결배여구에 침습적(侵襲的)으로 조사(照射)된 레이저침료법(鍼療法)이 고지혈증(高脂血症) 백서(白鼠)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Ihm, Seon-Joo;Youn, Dae-Hwan;Na, Chang-Su
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2005
  • Objectives: This research was performed to investigate the effect of invasive low level laser acupuncture therapy(LLLAT) at Yolgyol(LU7), Yogu(LR5) and Yolgyol+Yogu(LU7+LR5) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lipid metabolism, atherogenic index, HTR(HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio) and liver function in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet group(Control group), high fat diet and LLLAT at LU7(LU7 group), high fat diet and LLLAT at LR5(LR5 group), LLLAT at LU7 and LR5(LU7+LR5 group). Animals was treated by the LLLAT at 30mW-5min once a 2day during 5 weeks. Results: Body weight was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Food intake was increased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Food efficiency was decreased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. In the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipids were decreased significantly in LR5, LU7+LR5 group, triglyceride and fee fatty acid were decreased significantly in LU7 group when compared with control group. Atherogenic index was decreased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. HTR was increased significantly in LU7 group when compared with conool group. In the liver function, the significance was not showed in AST and ALT, ALP was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Conclusions: LLLAT at LU7 and LR5 maybe can manage hyperlipidemia by controlling body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio and lipid metabolism.

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Implementation of Hydrological Survey Scheduling using Real-Time Water Level Information (실시간 수위정보를 활용한 수문조사 스케줄링 구현)

  • Jae Myeong Choi
    • Journal of Platform Technology
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.66-75
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    • 2023
  • Hydrological survey measurement technology has improved due to the introduction of high-tech equipment and advances in technology, but hydrological survey still requires a lot of manpower and time, and the manpower invested is very limited compared to the size and scope of work. In addition, although automatic flow measurement facilities are in operation, it is difficult to expand them nationwide due to limited field conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the operating infrastructure and environment rather than the measurement technology itself for hydrological investigation. In addition, in terms of flow investigation, it is necessary to schedule an investigation using real-time water level information in order to inventory the accuracy of the water-flow relationship equation and improve work efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, research related to domestic hydrological surveys was analyzed and a hydrological survey scheduling system using real- time water level information based on Open API was implemented to increase the economic and efficiency of hydrological surveys.

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Effects of Urea Level and Sodium DL-malate in Concentrate Containing High Cassava Chip on Ruminal Fermentation Efficiency, Microbial Protein Synthesis in Lactating Dairy Cows Raised under Tropical Condition

  • Khampa, S.;Wanapat, Metha;Wachirapakorn, C.;Nontaso, N.;Wattiaux, M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.837-844
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    • 2006
  • Four, lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned according to a $2{\times}2$ Factorial arrangement in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to study supplementation of urea level (U) at 2 and 4% and sodium dl-malate (M) at 10 and 20 g/hd/d in concentrate. The treatments were as follows U2M10, U2M20, U4M10 and U4M20, respectively. The cows were offered the treatment concentrate at a ratio to milk yield at 1:2.5 and urea-treated rice straw was fed ad libitum. The results have revealed that rumen fermentation and blood metabolites were similar for all treatments. The populations of protozoa and fungal zoospores were significantly different as affected by urea level and sodium dl-malate. In addition, the viable bacteria were similar for amylolytic and proteolytic bacteria. Cellulolytic bacteria were significantly affected by level of sodium dl-malate especially Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdenii while Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was significantly affected by level of urea supplementation. In conclusion, the combined use of concentrate containing high level of cassava chip at 75% DM with urea at 4% in concentrate and sodium dl-malate at 20 g/hd/d with UTS as a roughage could improv rumen ecology and microbial protein synthesis efficiency in lactating dairy cows.

Energy efficiency standard for imaging equipments using electrophotograph printing (전자사진 기술을 사용하는 이미징 장치의 에너지 효율 기준 연구)

  • Park, Jun-Young;Yoon, Wonsik
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.18 no.10
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    • pp.2433-2442
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, an efficiency grade standard for imaging equipments using electrophotograph printing such as a printer, copier, fax, and MFD (Multi Function Device) is studied. By emphasizing domestic standby power reduction program's problem, and proposing the necessity of efficiency management, the efficiency standard is developed by reliable data registered in domestic standby power reducing program. To find an efficiency indication for grade, correlation analysis is used and as a result, printing speed has the biggest correlation coefficient. By applying the efficiency indication for grade, the proposed certification standard is established in 1st to 5th level products and super-high-efficiency product (energy frontier) which is better than 1st to 5th level products. If these efficiency standards are chosen by government policies, it is expected to save 65 billion won reduction of energy cost per year.

Hold up Time Extension Technique for high efficiency, high power density server power supply (고효율 고밀도 서버용 전원장치를 위한 Hold up Time 보상 기술)

  • Kim, Young-Do;Cho, Kyu-Min;Moon, Gun-Woo
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.96-102
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    • 2010
  • Nowadays, climate change becomes serious problem in all around country. Especially because of global warming problem, every country is suffered from various natural disasters. To prevent these changes, every industry are keep requiring the increase in energy efficiency. Recently, in the regulation of CSCI (climate savers computing initiate), the efficiency of server power supply should meet the demand of 94% at 50% load condition by 2010, which is called platinum level. Hence, server power system has been dramatically developed with the various technique for the high efficiency of it. Among those technique, hold up time extension technique has received wide attention and has been researched for a long time. In this paper, technical trend of hold up time extension circuit will be covered for the high efficiency, high power density server power supply.

An Algorithm for Scaling Parameter Optimization of Watermarking using Random Dot Images (랜덤한 점분포를 가진 영상을 사용한 워터마킹에서 스켈링 파라메타의 최적화 알고리즘)

  • Lee, In-Jung
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.29 no.6C
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    • pp.901-906
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    • 2004
  • For a digital image watermarking some autostereograms are used such as random dot images. In there, the extraction efficiency is good and the distortion rate is low. In this paper, we shall select an optimized scaling parameter which derives low distortion rate and high extraction efficiency, when we use a random dot images as like as autostereograms into some images except for extremely biased gray level images.

Energy Efficiency of Iteration Statement in Java (자바 반복문의 에너지 효율성)

  • Yang, Hee-Jae
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.816-819
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    • 2005
  • In Java virtual machine which is the running environment of Java programs, almost every bytecode execution requires data transfers in memory. Data transfer incurs energy consumption and hence minimizing the transfer operation is very important for improving the energy efficiency of JVM. As the number of data transfers for a Java iterative statement is directly proportional to the iteration count, improving the energy efficiency of iterative statement is crucial to keep the energy efficiency of JVM high. This paper analyzes Java iterative statement at bytecode level and proposes some points how to improve the energy efficiency.

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Analysis and structural design of various turbine blades under variable conditions: A review

  • Saif, Mohd;Mullick, Parth;Imam, Ashhad
    • Advances in materials Research
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.11-24
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    • 2019
  • This paper presents a review study for energy-efficient gas turbines (GTs) with cycles which contributes significantly towards sustainable usage. Nonetheless, these progressive engines, operative at turbine inlet temperatures as high as $1600^{\circ}C$, require the employment of highly creep resistant materials for use in hotter section components of gas turbines like combustion chamber and blades. However, the gas turbine obtain its driving power by utilizing the energy of treated gases and air which is at piercing temperature and pushing by expanding through the several rings of steady and vibratory blades. Since the turbine blades works at very high temperature and pressure, high stress concentration are observed on the blades. With the increasing demand of service, to provide adequate efficiency and power within the optimized level, turbine blades are to be made of those materials which can withstand high thermal and working load condition for longer cycle time. This paper depicts the recent developments in the field of implementing the best suited materials for the GTs, selection of proper Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC), fracture analysis and experiments on failed or used turbine blades and several other designing and operating factors which are effecting the blade life and efficiency. It is revealed that Nickel based Superalloys were promising, Cast Iron with Zirconium and Pt-Al coatings are used as best TBC material, material defects are the foremost and prominent reason for blade failure.

A Study on Selection Capability and Investment Efficiency of Korean Venture Capitals (한국 벤처캐피탈의 선별력에 대한 분석)

  • Sohn, Dong-Won;Hur, Wonchang
    • Korean Management Science Review
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.91-105
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    • 2012
  • This paper examines the investment efficiency of Korean venture capitals during 1987~2006 (20 years), focusing on their selection capability. Despite the Korean government's efforts, venture capital industry has evolved in a slow speed. Since the genesis of venture paradigm in Korea at 1997, venture capital industry as a macro unit has been fully discussed in Korean contexts. But venture capital's activities at micro level regarding each investment's outcome have not been examined. This study attempts to fill the voids of micro knowledge about each investment success rates by venture capitals. We analyzed venture investment records in 4,791 venture startups and their success rates. Their investment criteria were relevant to high potential industries and amount of tangible assets. But their criteria were not relevant to R&D intensity and financial growth of venture firms, which may indicate low level of maturity about Korean venture capital industry. We found that Korean venture capital's investment pattern may be originated from the low return of investment, so that efficiency of IPO markets is a prerequisite for the upgrade of venture capitals' efficiency. Some policy implications are discussed.