• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.499-504
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• 2003

There has been increasing interest in studying the various effects of organophosphate insecticides in humans and experimental animals. Only a few data are available on the effect of the organophosphate insecticide, diazinon, on lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diazinon on plasma lipid constituents in mammalian animals. The plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and phospholipids (PL) were measured in albino rats that were orally treated with a single dose of diazinon at a level of $LD_{50}$ or with repeated daily doses at the levels of $\frac{1}{2}$, $\frac{1}{8}$, and $\frac{1}{32}$ $LD_{50}$ for 2, 8, and 32 days, respectively. After a 24 h post-treatment with a single $LD_{50}$ dose of diazinon, TC was not significantly changed, the HDL-C and PL levels were significantly decreased, but the LDL-C and TG levels were significantly increased. Separate daily oral administrations of diazinon at $\frac{1}{2}$ $LD_{50}$, $\frac{1}{8}$ $LD_{50}$, and $\frac{1}{32}$ $LD_{50}$ doses resulted in a significant decrease in HDL-C and PL, with no significant change in TG. The LDL-C levels were significantly increased and TC showed no significant change with $\frac{1}{2}$ $LD_{50}$ and $\frac{1}{32}$$LD_{50}$ doses of diazinon, whereas a significant decrease in the levels of TC, HDL-C, as well as LDL-C, was observed with the $\frac{1}{8}$ $LD_{50}$ dose. These data suggest that diazinon may interfere with lipid metabolism in mammals.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of oral vitamin C supplements on blood sugar and serum lipid level(total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from June 24 to August 31, 2001. The ninty-five research subject were assigned to experimental group(51) and control group(44). Vitamin C(3g/day) was given to 51 subjects for 4 weeks. Following a 12h overnight fasting, blood sample was obstaind at baseline and at the end of 4week - supplementation. Blood samples were taken for plasma vitamin C concentration, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c and serum lipid level. The pre-equivalent test was used by Chi-squre, t-test and two group's pre and post experimental differences were analyzed by t-tset to compare with each other. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The difference between the two groups in plasma vitamin C concentration was significant(t=-12.950, p=.000). 2. The difference between the two groups in fasting blood sugar was significant(t=5.293, p=.000). 3. The difference between the two groups in HbA1c was not significant(t=1.758, p=.082). 4. The difference between the two groups in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL was significant(t=3.786, p=.000 ; t=-5.515, p=.000 ; t= 4.169, p = .000). These results suggest that megadose vitamin C supplementation be effective in lowering fasting blood sugar, serum lipids and increasing plasma vitamin C. Thus dietary measures to increase plasma vitamin C may be on important health strategy for reducing the compliance of diabetic patients.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.257-264
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• 2023

To develop a high capacity lithium secondary battery, a new approach to anode material synthesis is required, capable of producing an anode that exceeds the energy density limit of a carbon-based anode. This research synthesized carbon nano silicon composites as an anode material for a secondary battery using the RF thermal plasma method, which is an ecofriendly dry synthesis method. Prior to material synthesis, a silicon raw material was mixed at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% based on the carbon raw material in a powder form, and the temperature change inside the reaction field depending on the applied plasma power was calculated. Information about the materials in the synthesized carbon nano silicon composites were confirmed through XRD analysis, showing carbon (86.7~52.6 %), silicon (7.2~36.2 %), and silicon carbide (6.1~11.2 %). Through FE-SEM analysis, it was confirmed that the silicon bonded to carbon was distributed at sizes of 100 nm or less. The bonding shape of the silicon nano particles bonded to carbon was observed through TEM analysis. The initial electrochemical charging/discharging test for the 40 wt% silicon mixture showed excellent electrical characteristics of 1,517 mAh/g (91.9 %) and an irreversible capacity of 133 mAh/g (8.1 %).

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.605-610
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• 2009

Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular disease, and are known to increase with repetitive exercise. In the current study, HDL fractions from athletes' sera were isolated and compared as a function of the type of sport (runners [n = 10], throwers [n = 10], wrestlers [n = 10], and weight lifters [n = 8]), and as an age- and gender-matched reference group (n = 14). Among athletes, HDL from runners had the strongest antioxidant activity. Immunodetection showed that runners and wrestlers had the highest levels of apoA-I and lowest levels of apoA-II in their HDL. Electron microscopy also revealed that HDL2 of runners and wrestlers were the largest in size. In conclusion, although all athlete groups had significantly better serum lipid/lipoprotein profiles than the reference group, runners and wrestlers had the most desirable lipoprotein function and structure, including antioxidant activity, HDL-associated enzyme activities and increased particle size.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.5-9
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• 2008

The effect of a laser peening on the surface residual stress of SUS 304 was investigated using a second harmonic Nd:YAG laser beam. The energy density and the diameter of the laser beam were $400mJ/mm^2$ and about 1mm, respectively. According to the test results, the effect of a laser peening for improving the surface residual stress was not big enough to induce a high compressive stress on the SUS 304 surface. This is thought to be attributed to the small radius of the laser beam used in this study, even though its energy density is big enough. From this study, it can be concluded that to induce a recognizably high compressive stress on a metal surface, the energy density as well as the size (diameter) of the laser beam should be large enough to generate surface plasma with a high energy to have a big impact to a metal surface.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 1994

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Cnidi rhizoma (CR) water extract on fat accumulation in fatted rats induced by the oral high fat administration for six weeks. Total cholesterol, neutral lipid and epididymal fat pad of CR groups were lower than the control group. On the other hand, high density lipoprotein(HDL) -cholesterol was somewhat higher In CR than In the control group. In addition, the same result as the above case was obtained when examining adipose for liver and epididymal fat components. During the feeding experiment, level of low density Lipoprotein(LDL) and very low density Lipoprotein (VLDL) increased while HDL was decreased. The degree of LDL and VLDL was decreased however, and HDL was, increased In CH groups as compared with the control group. Insulin and cortisol were higher than the control group, due to the fat accumulation. Experiment group showed the increased excretion as compared with the control group, in the excretion of bile acid and neutral sterol. The liver of the control group observed by the light microscope appeared to the fatty liver, but CR groups showed some improvement of the fatty liver. Based on the above results, it was shown that It Is possible to improve fat accumulation induced, by high fat dietary through using the oral administration of Cnidi rhizoma boiling extract solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2016

Recently, high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) has attracted considerable attentions due to its high potential for industrial applications. By pulsing the sputtering target with high power density and short duration pulses, a high plasma density and high ionization of the sputtered species can be obtained. HIPIMS has exhibited several merits such as increased coating density, good adhesion, microparticle-free and smooth surface, which make the HIPIMS technique desirable for synthesizing hard coatings. However, hard coatings present intrinsic defects (columnar structures, pinholes, pores, discontinuities) which can affect the corrosion behavior, especially when substrates are active alloys like steel or in a wear-corrosion process. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a CVD derived method with a broad spectrum of applications, has shown great potential for corrosion protection of high-precision metallic parts or systems. In ALD deposition, the growth proceeds through cyclic repetition of self-limiting surface reactions, which leads to the thin films possess high quality, low defect density, uniformity, low-temperature processing and exquisite thickness control. These merits make ALD an ideal candidate for the fabrication of excellent oxide barrier layer which can block the pinhole and other defects left in the coating structure to improve the corrosion protection of hard coatings. In this work, CrN/Al2O3/CrN multilayered coatings were synthesized by a hybrid process of HIPIMS and ALD techniques, aiming to improve the CrN hard coating properties. The influence of the Al2O3 interlayer addition, the thickness and intercalation position of the Al2O3 layer in the coatings on the microstructure, surface roughness, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors were investigated. The results indicated that the dense Al2O3 interlayer addition by ALD lead to a significant decrease of the average grain size and surface roughness and greatly improved the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the CrN coatings. The thickness increase of the Al2O3 layer and intercalation position change to near the coating surface resulted in improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The mechanism can be explained by that the dense Al2O3 interlayer acted as an excellent barrier for dislocation motion and diffusion of the corrosive substance.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-62
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was designed to examine the effects of Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. on lowering lipid and anti-oxidation using hyperlipidemic rat. Methods : Male rats weighting $195.21{\pm}4.93g$ were divided into 4 groups and fed high fat diet for 8 weeks. Each of 7 rats was divided into a control and sample group. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Polygonatum odoratum(100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of anti-oxidative activity and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$). Results : 1. Concentration of plasma free fatty acid, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride showed a significant decrement in all Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. However, concentration of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was not significantly different in all the treatment groups. 2. Concentration of liver total cholesterol showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. Concentration of liver triglyceride(TG) showed a significant decrement in all Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. 3. Concentration of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. 4. The values of glutathione peroxidase activity showed a significant increment in all Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. The values of superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity showed a significant increment in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. 5. The values of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were not significantly different in all treatment groups. 6. Concentration of liver $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. Conclusions : Based on the results in this study, the Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. showed a positive effect in lowering lipid and anti-oxidation.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

ZnS-$SiO_2$ composite is normally used for sputtering target. In recent years, high sputtering power for higher deposition rate often causes crack formation of the target. Therefore the target material is required that the sintered target material should have high crack resistance, excellent strength and a homogeneous microstructure with high sintered density. In this study, raw ZnS and ZnS-$SiO_2$ powders prepared by a 3-D mixer or high energy ball-milling were successfully densified by spark plasma sintering, the effective densification method of hard-to-sinter materials in a short time. After sintering, the fracture toughness was measured by the indentation fracture (IF) method. Due to the effect of crack deflection by the residual stress occurred by the second phase of fine $SiO_2$, the hardness and fracture toughness reached to 3.031 GPa and $1.014MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2003

Short ($\tau$=40 $mutextrm{s}$) and high-voltage ($U_{sub}$=2~8 kV) negative substrate bias pulses were used to assist pulsed magnetron sputtering DLC films deposition. Space- and time-resolved probe measurements of the plasma characteristics have been performed. It was shown that in case of high-voltage substrate bias spatial non-uniformity of the magnetron discharge plasma density greatly affected DLC deposition process. By Raman spectroscopy it was found that maximum percentage of s $p^3$-bonded carbon atoms (40 ~ 50%) in the coating was attained at energy $E_{c}$ ~700 eV per deposited carbon atom. Despite rather low diamond-like phase content these coatings are characterized by good adhesion due to ion mixing promoted by high acceleration voltage. Short duration of the bias pulses is also important to prevent electric breakdowns of insulating DLC film during its growth.wth.