• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.82-87
• /
• 1999

The basic remote sleeve repair-welding technology by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser for increasing the lifetime of the steam generator tube in a nuclear power plant has been developed. The relationship between the connection width and welding parameters have been investigated for the fundamental research to apply the sleeve-repair-welding technique to the nuclear industry. The Inconel 600 tube and Inconel 690 sleeve used for high temperature and high pressure service were welded as round lap welding by Nd:YAG laser. It was observed that the tensile shear strength, 340MPa of the welded specimen is equivalent to about 60% of that of the base metal (Inconel 600), 550MPa. The difference between the hardness of the base metal and that of the laser welds was about 10%. Ductile fracture was partly occurred in the weld but the cracking has not been observed. In spite of absence of the crack, the strength of welds was not sufficient in terms of the tensile shear strength.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 2014

This paper proposes a modeling of fuel cell which replaces dc source during simulation. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy in fuels into electrical energy. This system has high efficiency and heat, no environmental chemical pollutions and noise. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are commonly used as a residential generator. These fuel cells have different electrical characteristics such as a low voltage and high current compared with solar cells. And there are different behaviors in the V-I curve in the temperature and pressure. Therefore, the modeling of fuel cell should consider wide voltage range and slow current response and the resulting electrical model is applied to boost converter with fuel cell as an input source.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.2053-2058
• /
• 2004

The pressurized light water cooled, medium power (330 MWt) SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) has been under development at KAERI for a dual purpose : seawater desalination and electricity generation. The SMART design verification phase was followed to conduct various separate effects tests and comprehensive integral effect tests. The high temperature / high pressure thermal-hydraulic test facility, VISTA(Experimental Verification by Integral Simulation of Transient and Accidents) has been constructed to simulate the SMART-P (the one fifth scaled pilot plant) by KAERI. Experimental tests have been performed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic dynamic characteristics of the primary and the secondary systems. Heat transfer characteristics and natural circulation performance of the PRHRS (Passive Residual Heat Removal System) of SMART-P were also investigated using the VISTA facility. The coolant flows steadily in the natural circulation loop which is composed of the steam generator (SG) primary side, the secondary system, and the PRHRS. The heat transfers through the PRHRS heat exchanger and ECT are sufficient enough to enable the natural circulation of the coolant.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2002

This paper describes the machining characteristics of the $MoSi_2$ based composites by electric discharge drilling with various tubular electrodes, besides, Hardness characteristics and microstructures of $Nb/MoSi_2$ laminate composites were evaluated from the variation of fabricating conditions such as preparation temperature, applied pressure and pressure holding time. $MoSi_2$ -based composites has been developed in new materials for jet engine of supersonic-speed airplanes and gas turbine for high- temperature generator. Achieving this objective may require new hard materials with high strength and high temperature-resistance. However, With the exception of grinding, traditional machining methods are not applicable to these new materials. Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a thermal process that utilizes a spark discharge to melt a conductive material, the tool electrode being almost non-unloaded, because there is no direct contact between the tool electrode and the workpiece. By combining a nonconducting ceramics with more conducting ceramic it was possible to raise the electrical conductivity. From experimental results, it was found that the lamination from Nb sheet and $MoSi_2$ powder was an excellent strategy to improve hardness characteristics of monolithic $MoSi_2$. However, interfacial reaction products like (Nb, Mo)$SiO_2$ and $Nb_2Si_3$ formed at the interface of $Nb/MoSi_2$ and increased with fabricating temperature. $MoSi_2$ composites which a hole drilling was not possible by the conventional machining process, enhanced the capacity of ED-drilling by adding $NbSi_2$ relative to that of SiC or $ZrO_2$ reinforcements.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
• /
• 제38권8호
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2001

High-bandwidth DRAM을 위해 1Gb/s의 데이터 전송률까지 동작하고 그 출력 전압 스윙이 온도와 전원 전압(VDD) 변동에 무관한 CMOS open-drain 출력 구조 회로를 설계하였다. 출력 구동 회로는 여섯 개의 binary-weighted NMOS 트랜지스터로 구성되는데, 이 여섯 개 중에서 ON시킬 current control register의 내용은 추가 호로 없이 DRAM 칩에 존재하는 auto refresh 신호를 이용하여 새롭게 수정하였다. Auto refresh 시간 구간동안 current control register를 수정하는데, 이 시간 구간동안 부궤환 (negative feedback) 동작에 의해 low level 출력 전압($V_OL$)이 저전압 밴드갭 기준전압 발생기(bandgap reference voltage generator)에 의해서 만들어진 기준전압($V_{OL.ref}$)과도 같도록 유지된다. 테스트 칩은 1Gb/s의 데이터 전송률까지 성공적으로 동작하였다. 온도 $20^{\circ}C$~$90^{\circ}C$, 전원 전압 2.25V~2.75V영역에서 최악의 경우 제안된 출력 구동 회로의 $V_{OL.ref}$와 $V_OL$의 변동은 각각 2.5%와 725%로 측정된 반면, 기존의 출력 구동 회로의 $V_OL$의 변동은 같은 온도의 전원 접압의 영역에 대해 24%로 측정되었다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2009

본 논문에서는 CCD 이미지 센서용 PMIC를 제안한다. CCD 이미지 센서는 온도에 민감하다. 일반적으로 낮은 효율을 갖는 PMIC에 의해 열이 발생된다. 발생된 열은 CCD 이미지 센서의 성능에 영향을 미치므로 높은 효율을 갖는 PMIC를 사용함으로써 최소화 시켜야 한다. 고효율의 PMIC개발을 위해 입력단은 동기식 step down DC-DC컨버터로 설계하였다. 제안한 PMIC의 입력범위는 5V~15V이고 PWM 제어방식을 사용하였다. PWM 제어회로는 삼각파 발생기, 밴드갭 기준 전압회로, 오차 증폭기, 비교기로 구성된다. 삼각파 발생기는 1.2MHz의 발진 주파수를 가지며, 비교기는 2단 연산 증폭기로 설계되었다. 오차 증폭기는 40dB의 DC gain과 $77^{\circ}$ 위상 여유를 갖도록 설계하였다. step down DC-DC 컨버터의 출력은 Charge pump의 입력으로 연결된다. Charge pump의 출력은 PMIC의 출력단인 LDO의 입력으로 연결된다. PWM 제어회로와 Charge pump 그리고 LDO로 구성된 PMIC는 15V, -7.5V, 5V, 3.3V의 출력전압을 갖는다. 제안한 PMIC는 0.35um 공정으로 설계하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.637-644
• /
• 2012

증기 발생기 내부의 U-tube와 지지 구조간의 충격에 의하여 발생하는 프레팅 마모는 원자력 발전소 안전성에 영향을 미치게 된다. 증기발생기의 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위하여 이러한 프레팅 마모 현상을 평가하는 것이 필요하며, 본 연구는 프레팅 마모현상을 정성적, 정량적으로 규명하기 위하여 증기발생기의 실제 상황과 같은 조건의 온도와 압력하에서 실험을 수행하였다. 다양한 실험조건에 대하여 기본적인 실험을 수행하였으며 일률과 마모량의 관계를 온도에 따라 구하였다. $90^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, $340^{\circ}C$ 각각의 온도에서의 마모상수는 $9.051{\times}10^{-16}\;Pa^{-1}$, $3.009{\times}10^{-15}\;Pa^{-1}$, $2.235{\times}10^{-15}\;Pa^{-1}$로 구해졌으며 특히 저온 수중상태의 마모상수는 물의 점도의 영향으로 상온 공기중의 값보다 작은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2016

Since the sodium-cooled fast reactor is operated in a hostile environment due to the use of liquid sodium as its coolant, advanced techniques for in-service inspection are required to periodically verify the integrity of the reactor. This paper presents the development of in-service inspection techniques for Proto-type Generation IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor. First, the 10 m long plate-type ultrasonic waveguide sensor has been developed for in-service inspection of reactor internals, and its feasibility was verified through several under-water and under-sodium experiments. Second, the combined inspection system for in-service inspection of ferromagnetic steam generator tubes has been developed. The remote field eddy current testing and magnetic flux leakage testing can be conducted simultaneously by using the developed inspection system, and the detectability was demonstrated through several damage detection experiments. Finally, the electro-magnetic acoustic transducer which can withstand high temperature and be installable in the remote operated vehicle has been developed for in-service inspection of the reactor vessel, and its detectability was investigated through damage detection experiments.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 2002

무성방전형 오존발생장치에서 고농도의 오존을 발생시키기 위해서는 방전공간의 온도를 낮게 유지시켜주는 것이 중요하다. 이때, 방전공간에서 발생된 열을 외부로 전달하기 위한 유전체장벽과 전극간의 접착물질과 접착방법은 전기적, 열적 관점에서 볼 때 방전에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 접착물질과 접착방법은 오존발생에 중요한 변수가 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 접착물질과 방법이 오존발생에 미치는 영향을 조사한 실험적인 결과이다. 접착물질의 종류로는 방열재료로 사용되는 실리콘 화합물질, 전기적인 도전성을 가지는 수지를 사용하였으며 이들의 물성변화를 위해 첨가물질로 차콜(charcoal)을 사용하였다. 결과적으로 접착물질(실리콘 화합물)이 사용되었을 때가 사용하지 않았을 때보다 같은 전압에서 많은 오존발생량을 보여주었다. 또한 접착물질이 사용되었을 때는 순수한 실리콘 화합물이 사용된 경우가 도전성을 가지는 접착물질이 사용되었을 때보다 많은 오존발생량을 보여주었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2009

In this study an attempt has been made to predict the annual foggy days over Gyeongsangbuk-do of Korea, using the regional mesoscale model (MM5). The annual meteorological conditions are simulated, and the annual and seasonal foggy days are predicted from the simulated results based on the seasonal and spatial information of the observed meteorological characteristics for fog occurrence such as wind speed, relative humidity, and temperature. Most of observed inland fog over Gyeongsangbuk-do occurs in autumn under the meteorological conditions such as a cairn, a high temperature range (above $10^{\circ}C$), and a high relative humidity (above 85%). The predicted results show the various foggy days, about 10${\sim}$60 days, depending on the season and the site locations. The predicted annual foggy days at inland sites are about 30${\sim}$60 days, but at coastal sites, about 10${\sim}$20 days. Also, a higher frequency of fog occurrence at inland sites is shown in autumn (about 60% of the annual foggy days). Otherwise, a higher frequency of fog occurrence at coastal sites is shown in summer (about 60% of the annual foggy days), unlike the inland. These annual foggy days and their seasonal variations agree reasonably well with the observed values. It can be concluded that it is possible to predict the occurrence of annual or seasonal foggy days by MM5.