• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.782-785
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• 1995

In this paper, $Mn^{2+}$ ion was doped in Y-Ba-Cu-O as an EPR probe. The following samples were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method : $YBa_{2}Cu_{2.96}Mn_{0.04}O_{7-\delta}$ (MN-I), annealed $YBa_{2}Cu_{2.96}Mn_{0.04}O_{7-\delta}$ (AMN) and $YBa_{2}Cu_{2.94}Mn_{0.06}O_{7-\delta}$ (MN-II). AMN sample was obtained from MN-I by annealing for 1 hr under the Ar gas atmosphere at $600^{\circ}C$. X-band (~9.05 GHz) EPR spectra were measured from 103 K to room temperature by employing a JES-RE3X spectroscopy with a $TE_{0.11}$ cylindrical cavity and 100 kHz modulation frequency. In MN-I we have observed only the $Cu^{2+}$ signal. The fact that no $Mn^{2+}$ signal was observed, in spite of $Mn^{2+}$ being a very sensitive EPR probe, indicates that most likely isolated $Mn^{2+}$ ions don't exist in the MN-I sample. Most probably $Mn^{2+}$ ions in the MN-I sample interact antiferromagnetically and hence are EPR silent. The AMN spectra of at room temperature and 103 K indicate not only the $Cu^{2+}$ signal but also an extra signal, which increases with decreasing temperature. It is suggested that the extra signal originates from Mn ions that were antiferromagnetically coupled before the annealing process. In MN-II, from 103 K to room temperature, also, the extra signal was observed together with the $Cu^{2+}$ signal. The extra signal in MN-II, however, decreases with decreasing temperature and nearly disappears at 103 K. The signal originates from Mn ions in impurity phases that include $Mn^{2+}$ ions. We suppose that there exist at least two $Mn^{2+}$ doped phases in Y-Ba-Cu-O. The $Mn^{2+}$ signal of one phase is undectable at all temperature and that of another phase decreases with decreasing temperature and disappears around 103 K.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.10 s.352
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• pp.8-17
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• 2006

Recently, the high-speed Internet users increase rapidly and broadband networks have been widely deployed. However, the current TCP congestion control algorithm was designed for relatively narrowband network environments, and thus its performance is inefficient for traffic transport in broadband networks. To remedy this problem, the TCP having an enhanced congestion control algorithm is required for broadband networks. In this paper, we propose an improved TCP congestion control that can sufficiently utilize the large available bandwidth in broadband networks. The proposed algorithm predicts the available bandwidth by using ACK information and RTT variation, and prevents large packet losses by adjusting congestion window size appropriately. Also, it can rapidly utilize the large available bandwidth by enhancing the legacy TCP algorithm in congestion avoidance phase. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we use the ns-2 simulator. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves not only the utilization of the available bandwidth but also RTT fairness and the fairness between contending TCP flows better than the HSTCP in high bandwidth delay product network environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.31-39
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• 2009

This study has found that there is a reverse phase with interdecadal variation in temporal variations of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency (TCGF) between Northwest sector and Southeast sector, based on climatological mean tropical cyclone genesis location over the western North Pacific. The TCGF in the Northwest sector has been increased since the mid 1980s (1986-2005), while TCGF in the Southeast sector was higher until the early 1970s (1951-1970). The analysis of a difference between 1986-2005 and 1951-1970 showed results as follows: i) Through the analysis of vertical wind shear (VWS) and sea surface temperature (SST), less VWS and higher SST in the former (latter) period was located in the Northwest (Southeast) sector. ii) In the analysis of TC passage frequency (TCPF), TCs occurred in the Northwest sector frequently passed from east sea of the Philippines, through East China Sea, to Korea and Japan in the latter period, while TCs in the former period frequently has a lot of influences on South China Sea (SCS). In the case of TCs occurred in the Southeast sector, TCs in the west (east), based on $150^{\circ}E$ had a high passage frequency in the latter (former) period. In particular, TCs during the latter period frequently moved toward from the east sea of the Philippines to SCS and southern China. iii) This difference of TCPF between the two periods was characterized by 500 hPa anomalous pressure pattern. Particularly, anomalous cyclonic circulation strengthened over the East Asian continent caused anomalous southerlies along the East Asian coast line from the east sea of the Philippines to be predominate. These anomalous winds served as steering flows that TC can easily move toward same regions.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2018

Purpose Generally, a collimator that installed in front of detector set a direction of gamma ray and remove a scatter ray. By the way, a lateral or oblique scatter ray is detected into crystal through collimator. At this study, we will evaluate a mount of count and spectrums of lateral scatter ray. Materials and Methods We used the SKY LITE (philips, netherlands) as a gamma camera, and $^{99m}Tc$, 1.11 GBq point source as a phantom. we put this point source at backside 50 cm of detector. After acquiring this for 1 min, we turned a detector next 10 degrees. Likely this, we acquired images at every 10 degrees from $0^{\circ}$ to $360^{\circ}$, analyzed images and spectrums. In case of patient study, we choose a 3 phase bone scan patient who had a hand disease, because scatter rays from body would detect on crystal. After acquiring blood flow and blood pool images, we analyzed images and spectrums. Additional, we put a lead gown on patient's hand, body. And then we compared and evaluated 3 type blood pool images (non lead gown, lead gown on a hand and on body). Results In case of phantom study, scatter ray counts at backside ($270^{\circ}-90^{\circ}$) are same with a background count. By the way, counts of scatter ray of oblique side ($0^{\circ}-50^{\circ}$, $220^{\circ}-270^{\circ}$) are 100-600 cps, furthermore, counts at frontside are over 4 Mcps. In case of patient study, a counts of hand blood pool scan are 1510 cps. But counts of hand with lead gown on hands and on body are each 1554 cps, 1299 cps. Conclusion Therefore, even though there is a collimator in front of detector, lateral scatter rays detect on crystal and affect to images and spectrums. Especially, if there is a high activity source at outside of detector when we examine low activity organs like hands or foot, we have to shield and remove the source at outside for a good image.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.39-47
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• 2012

The combination of the broadband property and the wide area coverage of satellite communications enables high speed transmission. Every user in the region under the satellite beam coverage can tranceiver and one can simultaneously communicate with multiple users. For these reasons, it is one of commendable telecommunication networks for information transfer. Since the satellite communications use open channels, it is likely to cause jamming with unwanted interference signals. In the thesis, APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) is employed, which is recommended for DVB-S2 due to high-speed transmission and excellent bandwidth efficiency. For obtaining reliable communication under the jamming environments, the communication satellite transponder rests on the polyphase filter bank structure, which enables switching among the subchannels and gain control on each subchannel, resulting in effectively eliminating jamming. Furthermore, the nulling scheme, one of the various anti-jamming approaches, is investigated, in which unwanted jamming signals are eliminated in the frequency domain after passing through the analysis part of the polyphase filter bank. The performance of the nulling scheme is evaluated for tone jamming and partial band jamming in terms of BER and EVM. The simulation results indicate that the nulling scheme improve the BER and EVM performance over the case without any anti-jamming approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2008

This study was performed to reveal nutritional excellency of popular Korean dishes, which were intended to distribute as a take-out type food suited for Americans. Four Korean dishes were selected due to their high preference from American sensory panels: Jeyuk-bokkeum (B), Kimchi-bokkeum (C), Dubu-jorim (D) and Namul (E). Nine weeks of the experimental periods were composed of two parts. In phase 1(5 weeks of the first half), high fat diets were fed to all treatments including the control group (A). In phase 2 (4 weeks of the last half), freeze-dried four Korean dishes were fed to the treatments except for the control. There was no significant difference in the final body weights among the groups as well as daily body weight gains and FER. Organ weights of the control group tended to be smaller than those of the treatment groups. For visceral fats, perirenal fat pad (RFP) and epidydimal fat pad (EFP) of the groups C and D were decreased by 20% compared with those of the group A. Total cholesterol level of the group C (94.13 mg/dL) was significantly lower than any other groups (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in triglyceride(TG) level. HDL-cholesterol level of group B(20.38 mg/dL) was significantly higher than that of group D (17.25 mg/dL), but no significant differences were seen in groups C and E (p<0.05). In LDL-cholesterol level, the highest level was seen in group D, the lowest level in group E (p<0.05). From the findings, Kimchi-bokkeum, Dubu-jorim and Namul were superior to those of the control and jeyukbokkeum in terms of the blood lipid profiles. It might be a good Korean style take-out items suited for the Americans’ taste along with a good nutritional quality in the near future.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2010

Purpose: $[^{18}F]$Fallypride plays an effective radiotracer for the study of dopamine $D_2/D_3$ receptor occupancy, neuropsychiatric disorders and aging in humans. This tracer has the potential for clinical use, but automated labeling efficiency showed low radiochemical yields about 5~20% with relatively long labelling time of fluorine-18. In present study, we describe an improved automatic synthesis of [$^{18}F$]Fallypride using different base concentration for routine clinical use. Materials and Methods: Fully automated synthetic process of [$^{18}F$]Fallypride was perform using the TracerLab $FX_{FN}$ synthesizer under various labeling conditions and tosyl-fallypride was used as a precursor. [$^{18}F$]Fluoride was extracted with various concentration of $K_{2.2.2.}/K_2CO_3$ from $^{18}O$-enriched water trapped on the ion exchange cartridge. After azeotropic drying, the labeling reaction proceeded in $CH_3CN$ at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 or 30 min. The reaction mixture was purified by reverse phase HPLC and collected organic solution was exchanged by tc-18 Sep-Pak for the clinically available solution. Results: The optimal labeling condition of [$^{18}F$]Fallypride in the automatic production was that 2 mg of tosyl-fallypride in acetonitrile (1 mL) was incubated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min with $K_{2.2.2.}/K_2CO_3$ (11/0.8 mg). [$^{18}F$]Fallypride was obtained with high radiochemical yield about $66{\pm}1.4%$ (decay-corrected, n=28) within $51{\pm}1.2$ min including HPLC purification and solid-phase purification for the final formulation. Conclusion: [$^{18}F$]Fallypride was prepared with a significantly improved radiochemical yield with high specific activity and shorten synthetic time. In addition, this automated procedure provides the high reproducibility with no synthesis failures (n=28).

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.406-415
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• 1994

The effects of fabrication method and condition on critical current density of Ag sheathed Bi- 2223 superconducting tapes by powder-in-tube method were studied. The highest critical current density (Jc) in the whole process was measured in the repeative heat treatment of 250 hour and mechanical deformation of 2 times. These results are suggested that the high-Tc phase at the heat treatment of 250 hour was superior and the good grain alignment at the mechanical deformation of 2 times was analyzed by XRD pattern. The highest critical current density obtained by pressing method was $1.05\times 10^4A/\textrm{cm}^2$ and $0.78\times 10^4A/\textrm{cm}^2$ in case of rolling method. The multifilamentary wires with 7 and 49 filaments were fabricated to check the applicability of pressing and rolling method for preparing multifilaments wire. The critical current density of 7 filaments tapes prepared by pressing showed $0.45 \times 10^{4}A/\textrm{cm}^2$ and $0.20 \times 10^{4}A/\textrm{cm}^2$ for 49 filaments tapes prepared by rolling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.278-286
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• 2010

Veterinary antibiotics have been used to treat disease and to promote growth of livestock. However, the total amount of veterinary antibiotics in Korea was much greater than other developed countries, and there is a high potential to release residual of antibiotics to environment. Consequentially, released antibiotics into the environment produces antibiotic resistant bacteria and causes adverse effects on human health. The objective of this research was to monitor antibiotic concentration in the environment adjacent to facilities which compose chicken manure. Total of 10 antibiotics were selected based on the total amount of higher usage in Korea, and its residuals were measured from surface water, soil and sediment. The frequencies of detected antibiotics were ranged 31-92% from soil, 0-93% from water, and 33-93% from sediment. Generally, a higher frequency was observed in soil or sediment than water. Different ranges in concentration among 4 different antibiotic groups was found from not detected(N.D.) to 35.6 ${\mu}g/kg$ for soil, N.D. to 19.2 ${\mu}g/L$ for water and N.D. to 114.3 ${\mu}g/kg$ for sediment. Our findings suggest that solid phase such as soil and sediment is a critical component to be needed to conduct the environmental impact assessment of antibiotics.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.6 s.336
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• pp.67-74
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• 2005

In this paper, high LO-RF isolation W-band MIMIC single-balanced mixer was designed and fabricated using a branch line coupler and a $\lambda$/4 transmission line. The simulation results of the designed 94 GHz balun show return loss of -27.9 dB, coupling of -4.26 dB, and thru of -3.77 dB at 94 GHz, respectively. The isolation and phase difference were 23.5 dB and $180.2^{\circ}$ at 94 GHz. The W-band MIMIC single-balanced mixer was designed using the 0.1 $\mu$m InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs Metamorphic HEMT diode. The fabricated MHEMT was obtained the cut-off frequency(fT) of 189 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency(fmax) of 334 GHz. The designed MIMIC single-balanced mixer was fabricated using 0.1 $\mu$m MHEMT MIMIC Process. From the measurement, the conversion loss of the single-balanced mixer was 23.1 dB at an LO power of 10 dBm. Pl dB(1 dB compression point) of input and output were 10 dBm and -13.9 dBm respectively. The LO-RF isolations of single-balanced mixer was obtained 45.5 dB at 94.19 GHz. We obtained in this study a higher LO-RF isolation compared to some other balanced mixers in millimeter-wave frequencies.