• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2011

This test focuses on the correlation between the lubrication, ductility and strength through the change of nut lubricant which decides joining angle for A490 bolt sets required in the AASHTO (American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials). Because the lubrication of high tension bolt, nut, washer sets becomes an important factor to ductility and joining load, the quality improvement is required for improving reliability and securing enough lubrication of maker and user. This study examines the quality characteristics required in the specification through tests because only this standard specifies joining quality in the extreme conditions (as much about two times of the joining angle on site as normal condition). Moreover, this study is limited to the test on joining axial force required in the AASHTO for the three nut lubrication conditions of A490 bolt set. It is concluded that the nuts should be coated or waxed enough for the improvement of the joining axial force and ductility of bolts required in the standards. It is shown that in the case of plain high tension bolt sets, a rust preventing lubricative oil shall be applied and the torque coefficient value for A490 bolt sets should be maintained below 0.175.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권2호통권45호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 내후성강재의 고장력볼트 마찰이음부 미끄럼계수 평가를 위한 실험연구를 수행하였다. 표면 상태는 흑피 부착표면을 수동 및 전동솔질로 청소한 경우, 숏브라스트 표면, 무기징크 하도 및 웨더코트를 적용한 경우들을 고려하였다. 또한, 각 표면 상태에 대하여 500 시간 동안 볼트축력 감소율을 측정하였다. 실험결과로부터 흑피표면을 전동솔질한 경우를 제외하면 미끄럼계수는 모두 0.4보다 컸다. 볼트축력 감소율은 표면상태에 따라 달랐으며 $3{\sim}8%$ 정도로서 10% 이내의 값을 보였다.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

고력볼트의 초기 체결력은 미끄럼표면조건에 따라, 일정시간이 경과될 때까지, 축력저하가 발생한다. 이 연구는 미끄럼접합부 표면에 도장이 되어있는 경우, 도장의 크리프현상에 따른 축력저하에 관한 예측 모델을 찾는 것이다. 이 실험연구 범위는 무기질 아연 프라이머로 도포된 볼트접합부의 장기축력저하에 한정한다. 실험에 적용된 볼트종류는 다크로 도포된 토크쉬어 볼트이다. 대상 표면의 도막 두께는 각각 96, 168, $226{\mu}m$ 이었다. 도막두께가 증가될수록, 초기 체결이후 축력이완율은 도막의 크리프 때문에 10%에서 18%로 증가되었다. 장기축력예측을 위한 정량적인 모델은 도막두께에 따른 크리프 스트레인과 경과된 시간사이에 회귀분석 결과로 얻어진다. 이 실험연구를 통해 미끄럼표면 도막의 크리프 거동특성을 알 수 있다면, 일정시간 경과후 고력볼트 체결력은 초기 체결력으로부터 구할 수 있다. 본 실험결과를 근거로 각 도막두께에 대한 장기축력이완이후의 고력볼트 체결력에 관한 정량적인 수식을 제안하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2008

건축공사 표준시방서에서 규정하는 TS고력볼트는 KS B 2819에 따라 토크관리법에 의한 체결한다. TS고력볼트는 핀 테일이 파단되면 적정축력이 도입되는 것으로 알려져 있지만, 실제로는 온도조건에 따라 토크계수가 변하고 도입축력도 설계기준에 미치지 못하는 경우가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 현장 온도조건이 볼트의 토크계수 및 도입축력의 영향을 평가하기 위해 ${-10^{\circ}C{\sim}50^{\circ}C}$ 범위에서 3 종류의 고력 볼트에 대해 도입축력, 토크계수, 너트회전각을 실험적으로 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과 TS고력볼트의 경우 핀 테일이 파단될 때 모든 온도조건에서 설계볼트장력과 표준볼트장력을 상회하는 도입축력을 나타냈으며 ${-10^{\circ}C}$에서 ${50^{\circ}C}$까지 온도 상승함에 따라 핀 테일 파단시점의 볼트에 도입되는 평균축력은 20kN 증가되었다. 아연피막 처리한 일반육각형 고력볼트의 경우, $0^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$조건, 토크계수 0.13과 토크 ${462N{\cdot}m} $에서 표준볼트축력을 상회하였지만, 도입축력의 일정한 경향을 찾을 수 없었으며 온도변수 별 평균 도입축력 차는 최대 50kN이었다. 일반 육각고력볼트의 경우, 온도상승에 따라 평균 도입축력도 상승되는 추세였으며 토크 ${462N{\cdot}m} $ 일때 온도변수별 볼트의 도입축력은 최대 33kN 차이를 보였다. 또한, TS볼트를 제외한 육각볼트 종류 군에 대해서는 너트회전각 ${90^{\circ}}$ 경우의 도입축력은 설계볼트장력에 미치지 못했다. 따라서, 기존 너트회전각 ${120^{\circ}{\pm}30^{\circ}}$의 하한치 ${-30^{\circ}}$에 대한 재평가를 고려해 볼 필요가 있다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2019

A novel asymmetrical resistance friction damper (ARFD) was proposed in this study to be applied on a rocking column base. The damper comprises multiple steel plates and was fastened using high-strength bolts. The sliding surfaces can be switched into one another and can cause strength to be higher in the loading direction than in the unloading direction. By combining the asymmetrical resistance with the restoring resistance that is generated due to an axial load on the column, the rocking column base can develop a self-centering behavior and achieve high connection strength. Cyclic tests on the ARFD proved that the damper performs a stable asymmetrical hysteretic loop. The desired hysteretic behavior was achieved by tuning the bolt pretension force and the diameter of the round bolt hole. In this study, full-scale, flexural tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the column base and to verify the analytical model. The results indicated that the column base exhibits a stable self-centering behavior up to a drift angle of 4%. The decompression moment and maximum strength reached 42% and 88% of the full plastic moment of the section, respectively, under a column axial force ratio of approximately 0.2. The strengths and self-centering capacity can be obtained by determining the bolt pretension force. The analytical model results revealed good agreement with the experimental results.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

This paper presents and discusses the experimental results on the F10T high strength bolts used in the T-flange joint structure. The experimental works were carried out for the parameters which are flange web thickness, the distance between bolts, prying ratio. The results show that the working stress imposed to bolts decreases as the flange web thickness increases on the other hand the imposed stress to the bolts increases as the distance between two bolts increases. In other words the strength of the T-flange joint increased as the web flange thickness increases and the distance between two bolts decreases. The prying ratio is increased as the distance between two bolts increases and as the flange web thickness decreases However, the degree of stress decrease in flange thickness variation is not that high as the distance variation between two bolts. Finally the equation for predicting the failure stress in T-flange joint structure using F10T high strength bolts was suggested.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.244-249
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• 2008

It happened a failure on special bolt which supported main landing gear actuator up-lock rod of 00 aircraft. Fracture was occurred at end of center drilled hole and thread machined on bolt. Metallographic, fractographic, and other characteristics of embrittlement analysis and experiments carried out on the failed bolt to find out the reason. Bolt surface was cadmium electroplated(EP) to give lubrication and provide excellent corrosion resistance. Resultly, Bolt was failed due to cadmium embrittlement occurred during baking treatment as well as center drilled hole. for the failure that are relevant to failure analysis and prevention. For their successful functional application, cadmium EP bolts require proper and adequate baking treatment after electroplating, and is complete with no center drilled hole

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2017

해양플랜트 구조물은 현장에서의 제작이 어려워 작업장에서 중 소단위의 모듈로 제작한 뒤 바지선을 이용해 현장으로 운송 후 설치 제작하는 방식이 사용되고 있다. 이 때 운송 시 발생하는 반복적인 환경하중으로 인해 구조물의 접합부에 피로하중이 작용하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 플랜트구조물의 운송과정에서 발생하는 피로하중을 적용한 고장력 볼트 접합부의 피로강도에 대한 구조적 신뢰성을 확인하고자 도입축력, 마찰계수, 볼트종류를 변수로 한 실험연구를 수행하였다. 다양한 변수를 고려한 고장력 볼트의 축력변화에 따른 볼트 풀림 현상 규명 연구결과, 고장력 볼트의 축력변화가 1% 내외에서 나타나 구조적 안전성에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2017

Of high strength bolts, the torque shear type bolt is known to be clamped normally when pin-tails are broken. Sometimes the clamping loads on slip critical connections considerably fluctuate from the required tension due to variation of torque coefficient. This is why the viscosity of lubricant affects the torque coefficient by temperature. In this study, the clamping tests of high strength bolts were performed independently at laboratory conditions and at outdoor environment. The temperatures of outdoor environment candidates were ranged from $-11^{\circ}C$ to $34^{\circ}C$ for six years. The temperature at laboratory condition was composed from $-10^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ at each $10^{\circ}C$ interval. At outdoor environment conditions, the clamping load of high strength bolt was varied from 159 to 210 kN and the torque value was varied from 405 to 556 Nm. The torque coefficients at outdoor environment were calculated from 0.126 to 0.158 when tensions were measured from 179 to 192 kN by using tension meter. The torque coefficients at outdoor environment conditions were analyzed as the range from 0.118 to 0.152. From these tests, the diverse equations of torque coefficient, tension dependent to temperature can be acquired by statistic regressive analysis. The variable of torque coefficient at laboratory conditions is 0.13% per each $1^{\circ}C$ when it reaches 2.73% per each $1^{\circ}C$ at outdoor environment conditions. When the results at laboratory conditions and at outdoor environment were combined to get the revised equations, the change in torque coefficient was modified as 0.2% per each $1^{\circ}C$ and the increment of tension was adjusted as 1.89 % per each $1^{\circ}C$.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2008

Alloy718 is the nickel-base super alloy well used as gas turbine components under severe operating conditions because of its high strength at high temperature and excellent creep resistance. In this study, a coupling bolt for the gas turbine component is manufactured by hot heading process instead of whole machining in order to improve the mechanical properties. Die shape for the hot heading has been designed by general design rule of hot forging and also optimal process condition has been investigated by finite element method. The initial billet temperature and the punch speed have been determined by $1150^{\circ}C$ and 600mm/s on the basis of finite element analysis, respectively. The coupling bolt has been manufactured by 200ton screw press and evaluated by experiment in order to investigate the mechanical properties. As a result of experiment, the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and creep behavior have been superior to those manufactured by machining.