• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Purpose: Obesity is associated with alterations in vitamin D metabolism and elevation of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Increased PTH level in obesity is likely one of the factors contributing to the dysregulation of vitamin D metabolism. We investigated the effects of lowering the PTH level in high-fat diet-induced obese mice on vitamin D metabolism. Methods: Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were fed either with control (10% energy as fat) or high-fat (60% energy as fat) diets ad libitum for 12 weeks, and vehicle or cinacalcet HCl (30 ㎍/g body weight) was gavaged daily during the final week of the experiment. The following groups were studied: CON (control diet + vehicle), HFD (high-fat diet + vehicle), and HFD-CIN (high-fat diet + cinacalcet HCl). PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]₂D), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), calcium, and phosphate levels in circulation, and the expression of genes related to vitamin D metabolism in the liver and kidneys were determined. Results: Renal 1α-hydroxylase expression in the HFD group was higher than that in the CON group despite the lack of a difference in the PTH levels between the 2 groups. The plasma PTH level in the HFD-CIN group was 60% lower than that in the HFD group (p < 0.05). In parallel, the HFD-CIN group had lower adipose tissue amount (9% lower), renal 1α-hydroxylase expression (48% lower), and plasma 1,25(OH)₂D concentration (38% lower) than the HFD group. Conclusion: Lowering the PTH levels in high-fat diet-induced obese mice recovered the expression of renal 1α-hydroxylase and might be associated with lower amounts of white adipose tissue.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

We investigated the role of fatty acid availability on skeletal muscle AMPK activity and adenine nucleotide content. To investigate the chronic effects of elevated fatty acid in vivo Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a chow diet (15% fat) or a diet high in saturated (SAFA, 52% fat) or polyunsaturated (PUFA, 52% fat) fat for eight weeks. High fat diets increased (P < 0.05) plasma FFA levels by 25%. AMPK activity was increased in SAFA and PUFA rats and occurred in the absence of changes in ATP, AMP, phosphocreatine and glycogen content. These results suggest that increasing fatty acid availability increases AMPK activity independent of changes in the cellular energy charge, and implicate the regulation of AMPK by a covalent mechanism. These data also support the contention that increasing fatty acid availability can increase subsequent fatty acid oxidation by an AMPK-mediated process.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate whether dietary factors, normal fat and genistein leads to beneficial improvement of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in adult hyperlipidemic male rats. Seven wk-old male SD rats were fed high fat diet (15% fat, 1% cholesterol) for 4 wks for induction of hyperlipidemic model rat. Weight-matched rats were then assigned to four groups according to dietary fat level (7% or 15% fat) and genistein contents (0 or 320 mg/kg diet). Food intake was significantly decreased by both high fat intake and genistein supplementation compared with normal fat intake and genistein no supplementaion. But weight gain was significantly decreased by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum and liver were significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. But total cholesterol in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation in both high fat and normal fat intake. TBARS in serum and liver was less produced by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake but TBARS in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in normal fat intake. Glutathione reductase activity in erythrocytes was significantly reduced by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in liver were significantly inhibited by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. Catalase activity in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in high fat intake. Nitrite was significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. These results suggest that normal fat intake has the treatment effect against risk factors related with cardiovascular disease by reducing lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation. And genistein shows action as a antioxidant replacing antioxidant enzymes but also may act as prooxidant causing the production of TBARS.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.184-187
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• 1999

Increase in fat mobilization by capsaicin(CAP) was investigated in high-fat-fed mice using an adjustable current water pool. Male ICR 7-wk-old mice were fed a high fat diet [50% total energy content in the diet(E%) fat, 20 E% protein, 30E% carbohydrate] for 2 wk and one group (HCAP) was orally administered CAP at 2 h before swimming. After being accustomed to swimming , the mice were subjected to forced swimming every 2d in the current water pol and the total swimming period until exhaustion was measured . The total swimming period was used as index of swimming capacity. Swimming time to exhaustion of treated mice was significantly longer than that of the high-fat-fed control group (100.2$\pm$10.6 vs. 58.0$\pm$8.5min, P<0.01) after 2wk of training. The concentration of serum-free fatty scids gradually increased up to 2 h in CAP -administered mice. The perirenal adipose tissue weight of CAP -administered mice (HCAP) before swimming was lower than that of the high-fat-fed mice adminstered placebo solution (HP) which had not ingested CAP during the 2 wk. These results suggest that the increase of swimming capacity of CAP-administered high-fat-fed mice was due to an increase of fat mobilization that was induced by CAP.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

포도씨유의 생체 내 지질대사에 미치는 효과를 평가하고자 식이급원이 상이한 들깨유 및 옥수수유를 흰쥐에게 급여하여 체내 지질패턴 및 간조직의 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반식이군과 고지방 식이를 급여받은 쥐의 체중은 7주까지 꾸준히 증가하였다. 그러나 일반식이에 들깨유을 급여받은 쥐는 7주 후 체중이 감소하였고 다른 유지군을 급여받은 군들은 8주째부터 감소하였다. 식이섭취량 은 고지방 식이군 보다 일반식이군이 높았고 식이효율은 일반식이에 들깨유을 혼합하여 급여한 군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 혈청 지질패턴 분석결과, 총지질 농도는 들깨유을 혼합한 일반식이군과 고지방 식이군에서 유의적으로 감소하였고 중성지방과 인지질 농도는 일반식이군에게 들깨유 급여시 유의적으로 낮았다. HDL-C은 일반식이군이 고지방 식이군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나 일반식이군에 포도씨, 들깨유 및 옥수수유을 혼합하여 급여한 군간에 유의적인 차이는 없었던 반면 고지방 식이군와 들깨유을 급여한 군에서 HDL-C이 유의적으로 증가하였다. LDL-C은고지방식이군과 일반식이군간에 유의적인 차이가 나타났는데, 특히 고지방식이에 들깨유을 급여한 군에서 유의적으로 낮았고 포도씨유 급여군도 감소하는 경향이었다. HDL-ChDL-C 수치가 고지방식이 군에서 다른 식이지방에 비하여 PHF군에서 유의적으로 높았던 것은 혈중 지질패턴을유익하게 바꾸어준 결과이며, 이로 인하여 동맥경화인자인Al 지수가 CHF군에 비해 PHF군과 GSHF군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 간조직의 총지방, 총콜레스테를 및 중성지방 함량은 일반식이군은 들깨유군에서 가장 낮았고 그다음이 포도씨유군 및 옥수수유군 순으로 관찰되었다. 간조직의지방산 조성 분석결과 고지방식이군은 포화지방산은 감소하였고 단일불포화 지방산과 다가불포화 지방산은 일반식이군에 비해 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구결과 유지 급원에 따라함유하는 지방산 조성의 비율도 달라져 식이 급원에 의해 생체내 지방산 조성에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2019

Objectives This study was performed to evaluate anti-obesity effects of Crataegus pinnatifida (CP) on high-fat-diet induced obese mice. Methods The experimental animals were divided into four groups: normal diet (NOR) group, high fat diet (HFD) group, HFD+Xenical (XEN) group, and HFD+CP (CP) group. NOR group was fed a normal diet and the other three groups were fed high fat diet during the experiment. After the first two weeks of diet, XEN group and CP group were administered with XEN or CP for seven weeks, respectively. After that, we measured body weight, liver weight, fat weight, food intake, and serum concentrations of lipids and liver enzymes. Also the liver, intestine, fat tissue was removed to estimate the obesity-related mRNA expressions and the stool sample was collected to analyze the gut microbiota. Results We found that body weight, fat weight, and triglyceride level were decreased significantly in CP group compared to HFD group. Also CP significantly suppressed gene expressions associated with lipogenesis and inflammation, and increased gene expressions of browning of white adipose tissue and mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, it shifted the microbial diversity closer to that of NOR group and increased Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio. Conclusions These results suggest that CP decrease body weight, fat weight and serum triglyceride. Also it inhibit inflammation and adipogenesis, altering gut microbial diversity and abundance. In conclusion, CP could be used as a therapeutic drug for obesity via gut microbiota modulation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.526-536
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus After inducing obesity by feeding hight fat diet (diet induced obesity model: DIO) for four weeks, each 8 rats were assigned to normal (Nor), high fat diet (HF), high fat diet containing orlistat (PC), high fat diet containing different concentration of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus (UPDM_L, UPDM_H) and Discorea Japonica Thunb. (UPD) extract. Although the UPD, UPDM_L (ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 400 mg/kg) and UPDM_H (DIO oral administration ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 800 mg/kg) showed weight gain inhibition effects, the results of poor obesity inhibition rather than PC were confirmed. However, it showed a more effective weight loss effect in UPDM_H than UPD, and significantly reduced the weight of epididymal fat and subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, the possibility of anti-obesity effects of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be confirmed by observing the effects of reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL concentrations, reducing ALT and AST levels, and inhibiting fat build-up in liver tissue. It is believed that Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be expected to utilize as a functional material that is important to improve anti-obesity and metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.446-451
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wax gourd on weight, triglyceride, leptin and fat cell size in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed an experimental diet containing total dietary fat at 40% of calories with wax gourd 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) for 4 weeks. Weight gain and triglyceride level fell significantly in the 15% wax gourd group compared to the control group. Epididymal fat pad, abdominal fat and perirenal fat tended to decrease in the 15% wax gourd group. Leptin and free fatty acid level were not significantly different among the groups. Fat cell size significantly decreased in the 10% and 15% wax gourd groups compared to the control group. Weight gain correlated positively with visceral fat masses and the levels of leptin and triglyceride. Fat cell size significantly correlated with visceral fat and leptin level. Therefore, the 15% wax gourd diet substantially reduced weight, triglyceride and fat cell size. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 446∼451, 2003)

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2004

Objective : This research was performed to investigate the effect of herbal acupuncture(Atratylodes japonica, Coix lachrymajobi, Ephedra sinica, Atratylodes japonica mixed with Coix lachrymajobi and Ephedra sinica mixed with Green tea) at Pungnyung(ST40) and Umnungchon(SP9) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, serum of lipid concentrations, liver function and HDL to total cholesterol ratio of rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Method : Experimental groups were divided into normal group(Normal), high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and Atractylodes japonica-herbal acupuncture group(AJ), high fat diet and Coix lachrymajobi-herbal acupuncture group(CL), high fat diet and Ephedra sinica-herbaI acupuncture group(ES), high fat diet and Atractylodes japonica+Coix lachrymajobi-herbal acupuncture group(AJ+CL), Ephedra sinica+Green tea-herbal acupuncture group(ES+GT). Herbal acupuncture was bilaterally treated at the level of 132.5mg/kg body weight per 2day. Results : Body weight and food efficiency were decreased in AJ, ES, AJ+CL, ES+GT. The level of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid were increased in AJ, ES, ES+GT. That of serum HDL-cholesterol was increased in AJ. The change of food intake, the level of serum phospholipid and ALP were not significant. The HDL to Total cholesterol ratio was increased in AJ and ES. Conclusion : Atractylodes japonica-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 is effective on Body weight, food efficiency ratio, the level of serum lipid, protection of liver function and prevention cardiovascular risk by obesity induced by high fat diet. Herbal acupuncture mixed Ephedra sinica with Green tea can control the body weight, food efficiency ratio and the level of serum lipid.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2006

Objective: We investigated the efficacy of a 12-week supplementation of soy isoflavone with L-carnitine on the development of obesity in high fat-induced obese C57BL/6J mice, which are known as a good model of diet-induced obesity. Methods: We measured body weights, adipose tissue mass, serum/liver lipid profiles and fat cell size/number in C57BL/6J mice fed diets containing either low fat (4%) or high fat (35%), or high fat supplemented with soy isoflavone powder containing 10% isoflavone and L-camitine for 12 weeks. Results: Body weight gain, abdominal adipose tissue and liver weight were lower by 31% 78% and 31.4% respectively, in mice on high fat diet containing soy isoflavone+L-carnitine (SC mixture) compared with high fat diet group. Also, SC mixture improved serum lipid profiles such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and liver lipid profiles such as total lipids and TG. As subsequent results, this SC mixture prevented high-fat diet from accumulating TG in the liver. The size of fat cell was also significantly decreased in SC mixture fed mice. At the end point of this experiment, our results showed that feeding with soy isoflavone for 12 weeks finally increased camitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT 1) activity through elevating the level of CPT1 expression. Conclusions: This study suggests that long-tenn supplementation with dietary soy isoflavone and L-carnitine is more synergistically beneficial for the suppression of high-fat diet induced obesity by inhibiting liver TG accumulation and the gain in abdominal adipose tissue weight than that with soy isoflavone. The antiobesity effects of SC mixture might be attributed, at least in part, to the induction of fatty acid catabolism by soy isoflavone, genistein.