DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Anti-Obesity and Lipid Lowering Effect of Discorea japonica Thunb. Fermented with Monascus in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice Model

고지방식이로 유도된 C57BL/6J 마우스 비만모델에서 참마홍국발효의 비만 억제 및 지질 저하 효과

  • Oh, Deuk Chang (Institute of Health Industry, Hoseo University) ;
  • Kang, Soon Ah (Dept. of Convergence Technology, Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University)
  • 오득창 (호서대학교 보건산업연구소) ;
  • 강순아 (호서대학교 벤처대학원 융합공학과)
  • Received : 2021.09.27
  • Accepted : 2021.10.12
  • Published : 2021.10.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus After inducing obesity by feeding hight fat diet (diet induced obesity model: DIO) for four weeks, each 8 rats were assigned to normal (Nor), high fat diet (HF), high fat diet containing orlistat (PC), high fat diet containing different concentration of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus (UPDM_L, UPDM_H) and Discorea Japonica Thunb. (UPD) extract. Although the UPD, UPDM_L (ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 400 mg/kg) and UPDM_H (DIO oral administration ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 800 mg/kg) showed weight gain inhibition effects, the results of poor obesity inhibition rather than PC were confirmed. However, it showed a more effective weight loss effect in UPDM_H than UPD, and significantly reduced the weight of epididymal fat and subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, the possibility of anti-obesity effects of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be confirmed by observing the effects of reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL concentrations, reducing ALT and AST levels, and inhibiting fat build-up in liver tissue. It is believed that Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be expected to utilize as a functional material that is important to improve anti-obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Keywords

References

  1. Cardel MI, Atkinson MA, Taveras EM, Holm JC, Kelly AS. 2020. Obesity treatment among adolescents: A review of current evidence and future directions. JAMA Pediatr 174:609-617 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0085
  2. Cardiff RD, Miller CH, Munn RJ. 2014. Manual hematoxylin and eosin staining of mouse tissue sections. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2014:655-658
  3. Cha JY, Park JC, Ahn HY, Eom KE, Park BK, Jun BS, Lee CH, Cho YS. 2009. Effect of Monascus purpureus-fermented Korean red ginseng powder on the serum lipid levels and antioxidative activity in rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 38:1153-1160 https://doi.org/10.3746/JKFN.2009.38.9.1153
  4. Chen HL, Wang CH, Chang CT, Wang TC. 2003. Effects of Taiwanese yam (Dioscorea japonica Thunb var. pseudojaponica Yamamoto) on upper gut function and lipid metabolism in Balb/c mice. Nutrition 19:646-651 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(03)00058-3
  5. Choi HW, Shin PG, Lee JH, Choi WS, Kang MJ, Kong WS, Oh MJ, Seo YB, Kim GD. 2018. Anti-inflammatory effect of lovastatin is mediated via the modulation of NF-κB and inhibition of HDAC1 and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Mol Med 41:1103-1109 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3309
  6. Choi MJ, Yu TS. 2005. Effects of red-yeast-rice supplementation on blood lipids and relations among cholesterol, bone markers, and hormones in ovariectomized rats. J East Asian Soc Diet Life 15:264-270
  7. Heal DJ, Aspley S, Prow MR, Jackson HC, Martin KF, Cheetham SC. 1998. Sibutramine: A novel anti-obesity drug. A review of the pharmacological evidence to differentiate it from d-amphetamine and d-fenfluramine. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 22:S18-S28
  8. Hong H, Park J, Lumbera WL, Hwang SG. 2017. Monascus ruber-fermented buckwheat (red yeast buckwheat) suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. J Med Food 20:352-359 https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2016.3761
  9. Hou WC, Hsu FL, Lee MH. 2002. Yam (Dioscorea batatas) tuber mucilage exhibited antioxidant activities in vitro. Planta Med 68:1072-1076 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-36356
  10. Hou WC, Lee MH, Chen HJ, Liang WL, Han CH, Liu YW, Lin YH. 2001. Antioxidant activities of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne) tuber. J Agric Food Chem 49:4956-4960 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010606m
  11. Hsu WH, Lee BH, Pan TM. 2010. Protection of Monascus-fermented dioscorea against DMBA-induced oral injury in hamster by anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potentials. J Agric Food Chem 58:6715-6720 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf100889w
  12. Hu J, Wang J, Gan Q, Ran Q, Lou G, Xiong H, Peng C, Sun J, Yao R, Huang Q. 2020. Impact of red yeast rice on metabolic diseases: A review of possible mechanisms of action. J Agric Food Chem 68:10441-10455 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01893
  13. Jang SM, Noh SH, Park SD. 1999. Botany of Herbal Medicine Resources. pp.299-300. Hakmun
  14. Jang YJ, Kwon SO, Yeo KM, Hong MJ, Kim BN, Han D. 2011. Anti-obesity effect of Sargassum confusum ethanol extract in obese rats. Korean J Food Sci Technol 43:189-194 https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.2.189
  15. Jeong EJ, Kim KP, Bang BH. 2013. Quality characteristics of cookies added with hongkuk powder. Korean J Food Nutr 26:177-183 https://doi.org/10.9799/KSFAN.2013.26.2.177
  16. Kim EY, Rhyu MR. 2008. Antimicrobial activities of Monascus koji extracts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 40:76-81 https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.1.76
  17. Kim MW. 2001. Effects of H2O-fraction of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. and selenium on lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Soc Food Cookery Sci 17:344-352
  18. Kim MW, Lim SJ. 2000. The effect of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. subfractions on blood glucose levels and energy metabolite composition in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Nutrition and Health 33:115-123
  19. Kim MJ, Kim HN, Kang KS, Baek NI, Kim DK, Kim YS, Kim SH, Jean BH. 2004. Methanol extract of Dioscoreae Rhizoma inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in the synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 4:1489-1497 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.001
  20. Kim RH, Lee SC, Kim GN. 2020. Effect of banana (Musa acuminate Colla) peel extract on the anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 49:1335-1341 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2020.49.12.1335
  21. Kim SA, Choi SC, Youn YH, Ko CI, Ha YS, Lee IA. 2017. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Dioscorea japonica and Chenopodium album. J Soc Cosmet Sci Korea 43:337-347 https://doi.org/10.15230/SCSK.2017.43.4.337
  22. Kim SH, Park BW, Kim JH. 2015. Quality characteristics of tarakjuk (milk porridge) prepared with red yeast-rice. Korean J Food Nutr 28:313-319 https://doi.org/10.9799/KSFAN.2015.28.2.313
  23. Kim YW, Kim TH, Sim SY, Ahn HY, Park KR, Kim JW, Cho YS. 2018. Effects of extracts of Monascus-fermented Angelica gigas Nakai in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. J Life Sci 28:58-67 https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2018.28.1.58
  24. Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology. 2015. Monascus strain suitable for liquid fermentation of ultra finely pulverized substrate and uses thereof. Korea Patent 10-1542909
  25. Lee BH, Hsu WH, Liao TH, Pan TM. 2012. Inhibition of leukemia proliferation by a novel polysaccharide identified from Monascus-fermented dioscorea via inducing differentiation. Food Funct 3:758-764 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2fo30026e
  26. Lee CL, Wang JJ, Kou SL, Pan TM. 2006. Monascus fermentation of dioscorea for increasing the production of cholesterol-lowering agent-monacolin K and anti-inflammation agent-monascin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 72:1254-1262 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0404-8
  27. Lee CL, Wen JY, Hsu YW, Pan TM. 2013. Monascus-fermented yellow pigments monascin and ankaflavin showed antiobesity effect via the suppression of differentiation and lipogenesis in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. J Agric Food Chem 61:1493-1500 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf304015z
  28. Lee MS, Kang SA. 2018. Improved effects of fermented Stockfish of Alaska pollack skin (FSAP H-I, II) on adiposity and serum lipids levels in high fat-induced obese mouse. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 47:1059-1068 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2018.47.11.1059
  29. Li M, Cheung BMY. 2009. Pharmacotherapy for obesity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 68:804-810 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03453.x
  30. Mohankumari HP, Naidu KA, Narasimhamurthy K, Vijayalakshmi G. 2021. Bioactive pigments of Monascus purpureus attributed to antioxidant, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and anti-atherogenic functions. Front Sustain Food Syst 5590427
  31. Oh MH, Houghton PJ, Whang WK, Cho JH. 2004. Screening of Korean herbal medicines used to improve cognitive function for anti-cholinesterase activity. Phytomedicine 11:544-548 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2004.03.001
  32. Park JC, Cha JY, Lee CH, Doh ES, Kang IH, Cho YS. 2009. Biological activities and chemical characteristics of Monascus-fermented Korean red ginseng. J Life Sci 19:1553-1561 https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2009.19.11.1553
  33. Park JH, Guo L, Kang HM, Son BG, Kang JS, Lee YJ, Park YH, Je BI, Choi YW. 2021. Leaves of Cudrania tricuspidata on the shoot positional sequence show different inhibition of adipogenesis activity in 3T3-L1 cells. J Life Sci 31:209-218 https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2021.31.2.209
  34. Riva G, Villanova M, Cima L, Ghimenton C, Bronzoni C, Colombari R, Crestani M, Sina S, Brunelli M, D'Errico A, Montin U, Novelli L, Eccher A. 2018. Oil red O is a useful tool to assess donor liver steatosis on frozen sections during transplantation. Transplant Proc 50:3539-3543 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.06.013
  35. Ryu HJ, Um MY, Ahn JY, Jung CH, Huh D, Kim TW, Ha TY. 2011. Anti-obesity effect of hypsizigus marmoreus in high fat-fed mice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40:1708-1714 https://doi.org/10.3746/JKFN.2011.40.12.1708
  36. Sharma AM, Caterson ID, Coutinho W, Finer N, Van Gaal L, Maggioni AP, Torp-Pedersen C, Bacher HP, Shepherd GM, James WPT, SCOUT Investigators. 2009. Blood pressure changes associated with sibutramine and weight management - An analysis from the 6-week lead-in period of the sibutramine cardiovascular outcomes trial (SCOUT). Diabetes Obes Metab 11:239-250 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00930.x
  37. World Health Organization [WHO]. 2017. The statistics of obesity. Available from https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1 [cited 10 March 2021]
  38. Xue YL, Miyakawa T, Nakamura A, Hatano K, Sawano Y, Tanokura M. 2015. Yam tuber storage protein reduces plant oxidants using the coupled reactions as carbonic anhydrase and dehydroascorbate reductase. Mol Plant 8:1115-1118 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2015.02.015
  39. Yoo HS, Shin KS. 2012. Effect of yam extract on body weight levels and serum lipid profiles in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet. J East Asian Soc Diet Life 22:231-238
  40. Zhou W, Guo R, Guo W, Hong J, Li L, Ni L, Sun J, Liu B, Rao P, Lv X. 2019. Monascus yellow, red and orange pigments from red yeast rice ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in Wistar rats fed on a high-fat diet. Food Funct 10:1073-1084 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8fo02192a
  41. Zhu B, Qi F, Wu J, Yin G, Hua J, Zhang Q, Qin L. 2019. Red yeast rice: A systematic review of the traditional uses, chemistry, pharmacology, and quality control of an important Chinese folk medicine. Front Pharmacol 10:1449 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01449