• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-238
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• 2005

This study analyzed the contents of the milk-related nutrition education currently found in elementary and secondary school textbooks. An attempt was made to develop the basic data needed to in the future provide students with pertinent in formation regarding the nutritional attributes of milk, as well as the desired consumption behavior, within the school education system. To attain the objectives of this study, the researcher analyzed the contents of the milk-related nutrition education described in elementary and secondary school textbooks(1st-10th grades). Based on the results of this analysis, measures were developed to organize the contents of the milk-related nutrition education that should be taught within the school education system. At the elementary school level, milk-related nutrition education was included in the textbooks for the integrated curriculum for the lower grades, as well as in the science, practical arts, and physical education textbooks for every grade, except the End and the 6th. The practical arts textbook, which contained basic knowledge related to the nutritional attributes of milk and the proper method in which to intake milk, was found to be the one which dealt with milk-related nutrition education in the most detail. At the secondary school level. milk-related nutrition education was included in the 7th-10th grade textbooks for the science, technology and home economics, and physical education courses. In this instance. the technology and home economics textbooks were the ones which were found to contain the most milk-related nutrition education covering such aspects as the nutritional attributes of milk, the special characteristics of milk as a food. how to select and store milk. as well as how to use milk as part of a balanced diet in everyday life. However, as was the case at the elementary school levet the repetitious nature of the milk-related contents found in the textbooks for various school subjects and at different school levels, as well as the inefficient hierarchical structure in which the knowledge is presented, were identified as key problems. There is a need to establish the appropriate milk-related nutrition education for each school level. The need to develop education programs, which could be linked to the school subjects and special milk programs, was also emphasized.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.27-39
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• 2009

Compulsive consumption is regarded as a global phenomenon that can adversely affect consumer well-being. Although the topic has been studied in different cultural settings, we have seen relatively little theory development and explanations of compulsive behavior Nearly all previous empirical studies attempt to explain this behavior by correlating measures of compulsive behavior with independent variables taken within the same time frame. However, recent developments in social sciences suggest that such a phenomenon may best understood in the context of the person's earlier-in-life experiences. Using the life course paradigm as an overarching framework, the present research extends previous work on this topic. Following hypotheses were drawn from literature review: H1: The earlier in childhood and adolescence a person experiences family dislocation, the greater his or her likelihood of exhibiting compulsive behaviors in adulthood. H2: The earlier in life the young person experienced family dislocation, the greater the number of family disruption events the young person experienced prior entering adulthood years. H3: Family dislocation leads to (a) increased frequency of socio.oriented family communications and (b) decreased frequency of concept-oriented family communication. H4: Young adults who were raised in families characterized by a strong socio-oriented communication structure are more likely to exhibit compulsive consumption tendencies than those who were raised in families characterized by a weak socio-oriented family communication structure. H5: Young adults who were raised in families characterized by a strong concept-oriented communication structure are less likely to exhibit compulsive consumption tendencies than those who were raised in families characterized by a week concept-oriented family communication structure. H6: The relationship between family disruption events experienced during adolescence and perceived stressfulness of these events is moderated by (a) global family support, (b) emotional family support, and (c) material family support. Those reporting higher levels of family support as teenagers are less likely to report experiencing stress due to family disruption events. H7: Perceived stressfulness of family disruption events experienced during adolescent years are associated with compulsive consumption tendencies in early adulthood. H8: The greater the number of family disruption events young adults experienced during their adolescent years the more frequent was their communication about consumption with their peers. H9: The more frequent was the young persons' communication with their peers about consumption during their adolescent years, the more likely they are to report compulsive buying tendencies as young adults. We use a sample of 120 Thai undergraduate students attending classes taught in English as part of a four-year international program. Product-moment correlations, hierarchical regression analysis and partial correlation were used to analyze data. Results of testing hypotheses showed that hypothesis 2, 4, 7 and 9 were supported and hypothesis 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 were not supported. Our study did not find a significant relationship between the age when a person experienced family dislocation and their compulsive behavior tendencies expressed as young adults. We did not find a significant relationship between family dislocation and family communication structures. But we found a significant positive relationship between socio-oriented communication structure and compulsive buying and a significant relationship between our peer communication and compulsive buying measures. Also we found perceived stressfulness due to the disruptive events to have a significant positive relationship between the perceived stressfulness and compulsive buying. Implications from these findings, limitations of this research and future research suggestions were discussed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 2015

The mentoring program, conducted as part of an entrepreneurship education program by the Business Incubator, has been acknowledged to help entrepreneurs feel less anxious and fearful of embarking on new business endeavors and the possibility of failure and gain a positive view toward starting new businesses. For this reason, the investment into and the contents of the program have been reinforced. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the effects of mentoring functions on the improvement of the entrepreneurial mindset of young entrepreneurs and verify the moderating effect of the start-up preparation period between the mentoring functions and start-up competence as a means to analyze the interaction effect of the business start-up preparation period between the mentoring functions and entrepreneurship. For the purpose of this study, the SPSS 18.0 statistical program was used to perform validity, reliability and hierarchical factor analyses of the survey data obtained from 156 subjects, who took part in the entrepreneurship mentoring program. The results of the analyses showed that the mentoring functions had a positive impact on the progressiveness and risk-taking aspects of entrepreneurship and a negative impact on innovativeness. On the other hand, the business start-up preparation period had a significant moderating effect between the mentoring functions and the progressiveness and risk-taking aspects. Based on these results, it was deemed that while the mentoring functions efficiently improved the progressive and risk-taking characteristics of potential entrepreneurs, they were not efficient in improving their innovativeness. Also, the application of the entrepreneurship mentoring program according to the start-up preparation period had an interaction effect in which the progressiveness and risking-taking aspects of entrepreneurship were improved. Based on these findings, a proposal was made in regard to the development of a tailored mentoring program that reflects the various characteristics of the entrepreneurs and their start-up preparation periods as a means to improve their entrepreneurial mindset.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2020

This study was proceeded to empirically identify the start-up support policy as an element that affects the performance of the early start-ups and measure the effectiveness of the current start-up support policy, in order to suggest the direction future policies according to the study. To accomplish this the influence of the start-up support policy on the early start-ups was analyzed, and the differences according to the industry and growth stage of the start-ups, as the characteristics of the start-ups, were identified. The research subjects collected real data of 297 start-ups of the past three years that were selected for the Initial Start-Up Package project, and performed multiple regression analysis on the influence between variables, and hierarchical regression analysis on moderating effects. The summary of the study is as follows. First, as a result of identifying the influential relationship between the start-up support policy and the performance of the start-up, sales had made a significant impact on the start-up fund, start-up mentoring, and start-up infrastructure(space), while start-up education failed to show a significant effect on the increase in sales. In terms of employment, start-up mentoring was the only field that showed a significant influential relationship. Second, as a result of identifying the moderating effect of the start-up's industry and growth stage, the industry did not have a statistically significant influence, but the interactive effect was seen in start-up education. To be more specific in terms of the sales relationship of each industry, knowledge services turned out to be helpful in improving sales, while manufacturing turned out to be effective in improving sales regardless of being supported with start-up mentoring and start-up infrastructure (space). The sales relationship regarding the start-up growth stage was identified to be statistically significant. The preliminary stage was not statistically significant, while providing start-up mentoring and start-up funding were effective for start-up stage and growing stage, respectively. On the other hand, employment did not perform a significant influence on the start-up growth stage. This study analyzes the effectiveness the start-up support policy for early start-ups, identifies the need in differentiated support policies according to the characteristics of the start-ups, and suggests implications for the direction in which future policies should be made towards.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.353-366
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was assessment the quality of water by using the statistical analysis technique of the Water flow and water quality from January 2012 to December 2016 at the unit basin for total pollutant load management system (TPLMS) in the Imjin River. Water flow and water quality were monitored at an average of 8 day intervals, 11 parameters were used for correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA), and cluster analysis (CA). The Hierarchical CA was classified into three according to the change of space, such as natural rivers, urban rivers, point with large influence of point pollution source, it was found that the type of contamination source the similarity of water quality affected the classification of cluster. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Analysis, there were statistically significant differences between mean values among the clusters. Correlation analysis showed the correlation coefficient between $COD_{Mn}$ and TOC was 0.951 (p<0.01) and the correlation was statistically significantly higher. According to the result PCA and FA, 3 principal components can explaining 72% of the total variations in water quality characteristics and main factor was EC, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, TN, TP and TOC indirect indicators of organic matter and nutrients were influenced. This study presented the regression equation obtained by applying the factor scores to the multiple linear regression analysis and concluded that the management Indirect indicators of organic matter and nutrients is important for water quality management in the Imjin River basin.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2012

Background: In Korea, private health insurance has neglected to induce externality on national health insurance by moral hazard. Therefore, we conducted this study in order to explore the influence of private health insurance on unnecessary medical utilization among patients with cervical or lumbar sprain. Method: The study examined a population of 449 patients (admission, 384; out-patient; 85) diagnosed with simple cervical or lumbar sprain without neurological symptoms at 20 small hospitals or clinics in Gwangju and Jeollanam provinces from Jul. 1 to Aug. 31 2008. The data were collected using structured, self-administrated questionnaire which collected information such as whether or not the patient was admitted (as a dependent variable), whether or not they had private health insurance (as a independent variable), and covariates such as socio-demographic characteristics, the factors related to the sprain, and characteristics of the insurance provider. Results: From hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis, it was found that the admission rate of patient with private health insurance was higher than that those without it (Odds ratio=3.31, 95% Confidence interval; 1.14-9.58), meaning that private health insurance was an independent factor influencing the admission of patients with these conditions. Other determinants of admission were patient age and physician referral. Conclusions: This study is the first empirical study to explore the influence of private health insurance on inducing moral hazard in admission services, specifically among patients with cervical or lumbar sprain. Regulation of benefits provided by private health insurance may be necessary, as the effect of this moral hazard may mean existence of externality.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.67-80
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• 2015

Although recent policies and regulations in Korea strongly advocate and encourage cultivation of venture foundations, studies on venture foundation and success are very limited and often primarily focus on entrepreneurship or individual quality as a venture founder in addition to such studies' validity in question. Therefore, this study primarily focuses on venture preparation process which is subject to venture founder's effort to verify the policy effectiveness in the relationship between venture preparation and business performance. Major goal of this study is to reduce social cost of venture failure by suggesting systematic policy support for venture foundations and analyzing the relationship between following variables: first, venture preparation and financial performance, second, venture preparation and non-financial performance, and third, venture preparation and business performance. 400 initial venture foundations less than 5 years are selected from KISED(Korea Institute Startup & Entrepreneurship Development) trend analysis to carry out statistical analysis using SPSS 18.0. To organize the data features, frequency analysis as well as descriptive statistics are performed to verify the hypothesis. As a result, sub-factors in measurement of venture preparation which are venture education period, venture benefit, and experience of incubating organization are selected as independent variables. Likewise, sub-factors in measurement of business performance which are financial performance and non-financial performance are used as dependent variables. To validate interactive effect, venture preparation period is selected as control variable to perform hierarchical regression analysis. The analysis result verifies that venture benefit has positive influence on financial and non-financial performance while venture education period has positive influence on non-financial influence and experience of incubating organization has negative influence on non-financial performance without influence on financial performance. In addition, interaction of venture preparation period has positive influence solely between venture benefit and non-financial performance. Through this study, appropriate supporting plans depending on the level of venture preparation can be derived to improve business performance of initial venture foundations for policy designer of venture support, and quality rather than quality improvement of venture businesses is possible through investigation of structural issues of individual venture businesses. Ultimately, this study suggests venture founders to determine whether to focus on venture preparation process or to start a venture business.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.99-109
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to review the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance, and the moderating effect of CEO's transformational leadership in entrepreneurs'cooperative. In order to verify and achieve the purposes mentioned above, questionnaire data were gathered and analysed from 215 employees of entrepreneurs'cooperative in Metropolitan and kangwon-do vicinity. Multiple regression and multiple hierarchical regression analysis were applied to test the proposed hypotheses: 1) the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship(innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness) and performance(sales volume, profit, employment), 2) the moderating effect of CEO's transformational leadership(charisma, individual consideration, intellectual stimulation) on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance. Empirical survey's findings are as follows; First, risk-taking appeared to be positively related with sales volume, profit, and employment. Proactiveness appeared to be positively related with sales volume and profit. But innovativeness appeared not to be significantly related with sales volume, profit, and employment. Second, CEO's transformational leadership appeared to be related with financial performance(sales volume and profit), but not to be related with employment. Charisma and individual consideration moderated positively the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance(sales volume and profit). Intellectual stimulation moderated positively only the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and profit.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.105-115
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• 2015

This study examined what effect the educational satisfaction level in the grey job project had on the business effectiveness and verified the effect the participant education satisfaction level had on the project business effectiveness ultimately by influencing the job satisfaction. This study utilized the source data of the senior job project old participant status survey of the Korea senior manpower development center which was conducted in 2013, and the non-proportional stratification sample extracting method was used which considered the project type, regional size, and cities/provinces. Sejong City was excluded from the survey target and the survey targeted 2,005 persons except for non-response or response-irrelevant persons concerning this study question. The collected material was analyzed by using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. The frequency and percentage were calculated to apprehend the general characteristic of the study target. Also, the regression analysis was conducted to examine the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the business effectiveness of the senior job project, and the hierarchical regression analysis was conducted in order to examine the mediated effect of the job satisfaction level in the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the business effectiveness of the senior job project. The main result of this study is as follows. First, among the effects the educational satisfaction level had on the business effectiveness, both interest level of educational contents and the job utilization of education had a significant effect on the psychological effect, and the interest level of the educational contents had a significant level on the physical/social effect, and the job utilization of education had a significant effect on the economic effect. Second, in the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the business effectiveness, the job satisfaction level was confirmed the job satisfaction level had a partial mediated effect in the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the psychological/physical/social effect. The job satisfaction level was confirmed the job satisfaction level had a complete mediated effect in the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the economic effect. Also, The job satisfaction level was confirmed the job satisfaction level had a partial mediated effect in the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the business effectiveness. Consequently, the educational contents according with the demand of job participants will have to be developed and the exclusive manpower must be arranged to conduct the education effectively. Also, making participants feel a pride on the job fully will largely contribute to raising the business effectiveness because the job satisfaction level has a positive effect on the business effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-44
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• 1993

An explorative and descriptive study in order to determine the effect of family structure and other socio-demographic variables on health behavior, belief, locus, and value and utilization of public health service was carried out. Data were collected from 1,653 subjects randomly sampled in three areas, Seoul, Kyunggi province, and Cheju province. From Seoul 849 subjects were selected, 397 subjects Kyunggi, and 407 subjects from Cheju, respectively. Self-reporting questionaires were administered during the period from March to June, 1992. The major findings were as follows: 1) The subjects visited herb-doctor's at irregular intervals mainly to have tonic medicine prepared. They preferred herb-doctor's rather than with doctors at clinics and hospitals. Statistically significant difference was found among the regions studied (p<0.05). 2) The reason for visiting hospitals was primarily for treatment of diseases. They preferred hospital because they felt that the hospitals offer much highly reliable treatment services as well as medical accessibility. For the purpose of hospital utilization, statistically significant differences existed among sex, educational level, family type and region. However, no significance was found among sex, educational level, and region (p<0.05). 3) The subjects utilized general hospitals mainly for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. They preferred general hospitals because of their much better facilities and reliability. Statistical significance was found among sex, educational level, and region (p<0.05). 4) The subjects visited dentist at irregular intervals basis. They visited once half a year or three to four months. their purpose of visit was mainly for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Statistical significance differences were found among educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 5) Whenever their illnesses were mild and the pharmacies was located in nearby they visited to pharmacies. They visited once a month and patient medicines. Statistically significant differences were found among sex, educational level and region (p<0.05). 6) The subjects believed that herb medicine was quite efficacious for treatment of some diseases, particularly by information handed down through time-honored tradition and experience. However, they recognized that the efficacy of folk medicine can vary with type and severity of diseases. Statistical significance was among sex, educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 7) The reason why subjects believed that pray and superstition are effective for treatment of certain type of diseases, particularly in neuropathy, was the belief in God's almighty. Statistically significant differences were found among sex, educational level, regions and economic standard (p<0.05). 8) Most of subjects under same condition preferred western medicine because they believed that it is more scientific and prompts in showing therapeutic effect. Statistical significance was not found in the choice of type of public health service among, regions. But significant differences were found among sex, educational level and region (p<0.05). 9) The subjects looked for pharmacy if they thought the symptom was mild. However, they visited hospitals for chronic disease and general hospitals for emergency treatment. Statistical significances were found among educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 10) Although most of students wanted to have a healthy life as for the component of health standard and value, they think that they are not healthy (p<0.05). As for the health behavior, significant difference was found in the proportion of smoking and drinking between educational level and region (p<0.05). The health locus was affected by educational level, and health behavior was influenced by region, sex and educational level. The utilization of type of public health service was influenced by family type and region, and health belief by region and educational level, and the health values by region and economic standard respectively, most of correlation showed statistical significance. Among them, the highest correlation was seen between locus of control and external/internal locus of control, which is quite obvious. The correlation between health belief and behavior was the next highest, but still low (0.343). All the other variables are low but significant except only a few of those. These findings indicate that health education should be incorporated into the curriculum so as to develop desirable health habit, and ability of self-control in accordance with their growth stages. A systematic and scientific understanding on the herb/folk medicine is needed, and greater reliability of the utilization of public health services are is still required. Health policy for equal distribution of health service throughout the country along the hierarchical health service system and complementary mutual assistance and cooperation among various health organizations are also required.