• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.600-607
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to prepare high quality grape seed oils by solvent extraction and chemical refining process. Additionally, quantitative analysis of several functional components in grope seed was carried out to compare quality characteristics of grape seeds from grapes grown by conventional and organic agricultural practices. There are no significant differences in several functional constituents of grape seeds between conventionally cultivated- and organically cultivated-grapes, although some functional compositions of grape seeds are different between two cultivation methods. The dried grape seed was pretreated with roasting heating for 5 min, milled and then extracted twice with n-hexane under reflux at $50^{\circ}C$ for overnight, followed by filtration and evaporation. The crude grape seed oil was successively purified by degumming with $0.1\%\;H_3PO_4$, deaciding with $20\%\;NaOH$, and then decoloring and deodorization by a steam distillation, and thereby producing purified grape seed oil(yield: $5.0\%/dried$ grape seed). Physicochemical characteristics of the purified grape seed oil were comparable to those of the imported grape seed oils.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.565-574
• /
• 2011

This study analyzed the concentration of the heavy metals(Cd, Hg, iAs) of urine(n=576) from May, 2007 to Oct 2007. The subject was residents in G, Y, H industrial area, Jeollanam-do, in which exposure due to the adjacency of the industrial complex. As to the heavy metal concentration in the urine of the residents in the whole exposed region and the comparing region, the content of cadmium, mercury, and inorganic arsenic in the exposed region group were 1.23, 1.85, and 8.80 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, and those of the comparing region group were 1.87, 2.00, and 8.93 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, which indicates that the concentration of the comparing group was higher than that of the exposed group. The heavy metal concentration for each age group increased in proportion to age except those under 10 for some substances(p<0.01). As to geometric mean concentration cadmium and inorganic arsenic in urine according to the smoking history of the subject, the concentration of the smoking group and the non-smoking group were 1.65 ${\mu}g$/g_ct and 9.13 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, while those of the non-smoking group were 1.47 ${\mu}g$/g_ct and 8.91 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, which indicates that the former is higher than the latter. As to the inorganic arsenic concentration in urine according to the food preference, in order of vegetable, fish, and meat showed high concentration (p<0.01). To clarify the factors affecting the heavy metal concentration in urine among the subjects, the multiple regression analysis was conducted. As a result, it turned out that as to cadmium content in urine, gender, age, drinking, and smoking have influence on the subjects, with explanatory adequacy of 37.5 %.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.82.2-82.2
• /
• 2013

The NISS (Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer for Star formation history) onboard NEXTSat-1 is being developed by KASI. The NISS will perform the imaging low-resolution spectroscopic observation in the near-infrared range for nearby galaxies, low background regions, starforming regions and so on. The off-axis reflecting telescope with a wide field of view (2 deg. ${\times}$ 2 deg.) will be operated in the wavelength range from 0.95 to $3.8{\mu}m$. In order to reduce thermal noise, a telescope and a HgCdTe infrared sensor will be cooled down to 200K and 80K, respectively. To evade a stray light outside a field of view and use limited space efficiently, the NISS adopted the off-axis reflective optical system. The primary and secondary mirrors, optomechanical part and mechanical structure were designed to use the same material. It will lessen the degradation of optical performance due to a thermal variation. The purpose of NISS is the observation of cosmic near-infrared background in the wide wavelength range as well as the detection of near-infrared spectral lines in nearby galaxies, cluster of galaxies and star forming regions. It will give us less biased information on the star formation history. In addition, we will demonstrate the space technologies related to the development of the Korea's leading near-infrared instrument for the future large infrared telescope, SPICA.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.791-799
• /
• 2015

This study focuses on the algae growth restraining. Many researches on a critical damage from algae growth are published, but it is hard to find how th restrain. Abnormal algae increasing is a problem, because it makes red tides, biodeterioration, etc. Therefore this study aims to decrease the damage from algae growth. Some metal ions have been used microorganism killing materials from old times. Especially, Cu ions are highly effective. Based on these uses of the metal ions, a functional mortar which restrains algae growth is developed. The mortar contains soluble glass which dissolve in water. The soluble glass was made of Cu ions and phosphates. When the soluble glass is dissolved, Cu ions are soaked out stably from the soluble glass. Culture mediums which incubate algae were made to evaluate the developed mortar specimens. Culture mediums were filled with fresh water and sea water. Algae were incubated for fourteen days in culture mediums. The evaluating methods are measuring volume of the dissolved organic carbon and the chlorophyll. Using these two measurements, the mortar specimens are judged that can restrain algae or not. According to the result, the functional mortars of culture medium filled with fresh and sea water shows similar trend. The functional mortar for restraining algae growth performs that's role well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.229-229
• /
• 1994

선택성이 높고 뛰어난 약효를 지닌 항 바이러스제의 개발은 신약개발의 중요한 영역중에 하나이다. 현재 AIDS 치료제로 사용되고 AZT를 비롯하여 항virus 효과를 나타내는 약물의 대부분은 구조적으로 nucleoside계에 속하는 화합물로서 수 많은 약리학적 연구 및 합성 화학적 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 특히 합성 화학적 측면에서 이들 화합물의 합성은 크게 두가지로 나누어지는데 그것은 sugar 부위의 변형을 통한 방법과 염기 부위의 변형을 통한 방법에 의해 새로운 항 바이러스제를 개발하는 것이다. 최근의 연구 동향에 있어서 주목할 만한 변화의 하나는 sugar 부위의 구조적 변형을 시도하는데 있어서 종래의 5원환 형태에서 환이 개열된 형태의 acyclic nucleoside에 대한 연구가 이루어져 좋은 효과를 거두고 인다는 사실이다. Acyclovir, Ganciclovir등 의 개발이 그것이다. 본 연구에서는 종래의 acyclic nucleoside가 ribose sugar의 2'번 및 3'번 탄소를 제거한 acyclic ether 형태로 되어있는 것과는 다르게 ether 부위의 산소를 탄소 치환한 carbo-acyclic nucleoside를 합성하고자 하였다. Acyclic nucleoside를 합성하고자 하였다. Acyclic nucleoside의 side chain의 conformation이 항 바이러스 작용을 나타내는데 필수 불가결한 점을 감안할때, carbo-acyclic nucleoside계 화합물은 보다 다양하게 변형될 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 side chain의 2'번 및 3'번 탄소는 side chain의 conformation을 좌우하는 결정적 요인으로 작용할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이들 탄소를 중심으로한 분자수식을 시도하기로 하고 bioisosterism을 이용하여 3'위치의 수소를 fluoride로 치환한 화합물을 설계하여 합성을 시도하였다.silyl group-5'-무치환 화합물을 tosyl, azido화 한다음 desilylation하여 얻었다. 목적하는(1) 화합물의 diasteromer 인 2',3'-dihydroxy-5'-무치환 유도체(3)는 (4)화합물 합성시 얻은 hemiactal을 key intermediate로 하여 TsNHNH$_2$, NaB(CN)H$_3$ 및 NaOAc로 처리하므로서 얻을수 있었다. 이들 화합물들의 각종 DNA 및 RNA virus에 대한 항 바이러스작용을 검토한 결과 현저한 항 바이러스 작용을 나타내지 않았다.분화유도 활성을 나타내어 항종양제로의 개발에 많은 흥미가 기대된다.기대된다.oxylic acid (compound 10)를 합성하였다.10^{－7}$ M)에 의한 단백인산화에 대하여는 더 미약한 억제-효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과는 PDE-1과 항우울약들의 항혈소판작용은 PKC-기질인 41-43 kD와 20 kD의 인산화를 억제함에 기인되는 것으로 사료된다.다. 것으로 사료된다.다.바와 같이 MCl에서 작은 Dv 값을 갖는데, 이것은 CdCl$_{4}$$^{2-}$ 착이온을 형성하거나 ZnCl$_{4}$$^{2-}$ , ZnCl$_{3}$$^{-}$같은 이온과 MgCl$^{+}$, MgCl$_{2}$같은 이온종을 형성하기 때문인것 같다. 한편 어떠한 용리액에서던지 NH$_{4}$$^{+}$의 경우 Dv값이 제일 작았다. 바. 본 연구의 목적중의 하나인 인체유해 중금속이온인 Hg(II), Cd(II)등이 NaCl같은 염화물이 함유된 시료용액에 공해이온으로 존재할 경우 흡착에 의한 제거가 가능하다. 한편 이같은 중금속이온의 흡착실험은 특히 해수중의 금속이온의 회수연구에도

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.144-157
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang (HH) and Geongangbuja-tang (GB) on the plasma hormone level in mice exposed to cold stress. HH and GB are the representative prescriptions of cold and hot property, respectively. Methods : We established cold condition by confining ICR mice to a $4^{\circ}C$ cage for 24 hours, ICR mice were given a HH (100, 300, 1000 mg/kg) or GB (100, 300, 1000 mg/kg) extract orally twice a day for three consecutive days. From the second day, they were given cold stress ($4^{\circ}C$) for twenty four hours. To measure the plasma corticosterone, insulin, thyroxine, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels of mice, their blood samples were collected from cardiac puncture, immediately centrifuged at $4^{\circ}C$. The protein level of HSP70 and JNK was examined using western blot analysis in cortex and hypothalamus. Results : Oral administration of GB more significantly reduced plasma corticosterone level raised by cold stress than HH. Gardeniae Fructus (CJ), the constituent of HH, significantly increased the thyroxine level. Western blot analysis showed that cold stress-induced Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression was increased by HH and GB, HH decreased JNK expression and GB increased JNK expression dose-depently in hypothalamus. Scutellariae Radix (HG), Zingiberis Rhizoma (GG) and Aconiti Tuber (BJ) decreased HSP70 in hypothalamus and GG, BJ decreased HSP70 in cortex as well. Conclusions : These results suggest Geongangbuja-tang (GB) is more effective for ameliorating the stress response caused by cold stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.304-312
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between food intakes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Korean women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The data were collected from the 2007~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). In this study, subjects were divided into two groups, the normal fasting glucose (NFG) group (n = 7,738) and the T2DM group (n = 225). Dietary intake was derived from the nutrition survey, which was collected by trained dietitians using 24-hour dietary recall through the face-to-face interview method in the sample person's home. Results: After adjustment for confounding factors, mean fruit (p = 0.0265), fruit and vegetable without kimchi (p = 0.0295), and fish (p = 0.0112) intakes were significantly lower in the T2DM group than in the NFG group. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, odds ratio (OR) for risk of high systolic blood pressure (${\geq}140mmHg$) was lower in the over the median compared to under the median for fruit intakes (OR; 0.657, 95% CI; 0.523~0.824). The OR for the risk of hypertriglyceridemia was lower in the over the median compared to under the median for fruit and vegetable without kimchi (OR; 0.828, 95% CI; 0.7111~0.963) and fish (OR; 0.783, 95% CI; 0.673~0.910) intakes. Conclusion: These results show that intakes of fruits, fish, and fruits and vegetables without kimchi have beneficial effects on CVD in Korean women with T2DM.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism affects blood pressure for free-living hypertensive men during a 5-month intervention period. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were free-living hypertensive Japanese men aged 40 to 75 years who agreed to intervention in the period from 2004 to 2011. Detection of the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The dietary intervention was designed to decrease salt level and to increase potassium level through cooking instructions and self-monitoring of the diet. The exercise session consisted of activities such as stretching, resistance training, and walking. Blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, dietary and lifestyle data, and non-fasting venous blood sample were collected at baseline and after the intervention period. RESULTS: Thirty nine subjects were eligible for participation and the follow-up rate was 97.4%. The C allele proportion was 57.9%. AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was X-chromosome-linked, therefore we analyzed the C and A genotypes. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the genotype groups. After the intervention, there were no significant differences in lifestyle habit between the groups. Nevertheless, the estimated salt excretion (g/day) was significantly decreased only in the C genotype (13.0-10.3, P = 0.031). No significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) in the A genotype, but a significant decrease was observed in the C genotype (150.0-141.5, P = 0.024). CONCLUSTIONS: In the C genotype, it might be easy to improve SBP through lifestyle intervention in free-living hypertensive Japanese men, however generalization could not be achieved by the small sample size.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 1996

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of water treatment sludge (WTS) on the growth of soybean and carrot, and uptake of some inorganic components in the plants. WTS was incorporated to field at the rates of 0, 1, 3, and 5 tons per 10a on the basis of dry weight. With the application of the sludge, OM and CEC in the soil increased slightly while the concentration of available phosphorous decreased. And heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg, were not detected at the harvest stage in crops. With an increase in the application of the sludge, the concentration of phosphorous in the seed of soybean and the root of carrot tended to be decreased. There seems no correlation between rate of application of the sludge and uptake of Al in the plants. The yield of soybean was the highest when applied to one ton sludge and the yield on carrot increased with an increase in rate of applied sludge. Also, the concentration of carotene increased with an increased application of the sludge. But, application of WTS showed to deteriorate the visual quality with an irregularity of carrot's surface. This results indicate that application of WTS will be give a positive and negative effects on soil and crops.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 1997

This investigation was conducted to provide information for characteristics of environmental pollution by the heavy metals from the abandoned gold mine in order to characterize the distribution patterns and environmental damages of the contaminants to the surrounding environment. Through analysis of CN, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, and Hg in a mine tailings, paddy soils, and stream sediments, the physico-chemical properties of the mine tailings and paddy soils were measured. The pH's were 5.4, 8.4 for the paddy soil and mine tailing, respectively. The maximum contents of CN, Pb, Cd, and As the in mine tailing were 99.98, 1,752.72, 31.88, and 298.50 mg/kg, respectively. The amounts of these ions were higher than the standard level of industrial area in Korea. The average content of CN and heavy metals in the paddy soils were higher than the background level of heavy metals in the unpolluted paddy soils around the mine. Especially, the contents of heavy metals in the paddy soils along the adjacent stream were higher compared to the paddy soil that was not influenced by the mine tailings. The contents of CN and heavy metals in the stream sediment close to the mine area were similar to those of the mine tailings, but decreased along the distance of the stream farther away from the tailings that was the source of these pollutants.