Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Hevey Metal Levels in Urine of Residents in Industrial Area

일부 공단지역 주민의 요 중 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

  • Jou, Hye-Mee (Department of Environment Health Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Choi, Su-Hyeon (Department of Environment Health Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Chung, Eun-Kyung (Division of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University) ;
  • Jung, Soon-Won (Department of Environment Health Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Yang, Won-Ho (Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Son, Bu-Soon (Department of Environment Health Science, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 조혜미 (순천향대학교 환경보건학과) ;
  • 최수현 (순천향대학교 환경보건학과) ;
  • 정은경 (숙명여자대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 정순원 (순천향대학교 환경보건학과) ;
  • 양원호 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 손부순 (순천향대학교 환경보건학과)
  • Received : 2009.12.14
  • Accepted : 2011.04.08
  • Published : 2011.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study analyzed the concentration of the heavy metals(Cd, Hg, iAs) of urine(n=576) from May, 2007 to Oct 2007. The subject was residents in G, Y, H industrial area, Jeollanam-do, in which exposure due to the adjacency of the industrial complex. As to the heavy metal concentration in the urine of the residents in the whole exposed region and the comparing region, the content of cadmium, mercury, and inorganic arsenic in the exposed region group were 1.23, 1.85, and 8.80 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, and those of the comparing region group were 1.87, 2.00, and 8.93 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, which indicates that the concentration of the comparing group was higher than that of the exposed group. The heavy metal concentration for each age group increased in proportion to age except those under 10 for some substances(p<0.01). As to geometric mean concentration cadmium and inorganic arsenic in urine according to the smoking history of the subject, the concentration of the smoking group and the non-smoking group were 1.65 ${\mu}g$/g_ct and 9.13 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, while those of the non-smoking group were 1.47 ${\mu}g$/g_ct and 8.91 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, which indicates that the former is higher than the latter. As to the inorganic arsenic concentration in urine according to the food preference, in order of vegetable, fish, and meat showed high concentration (p<0.01). To clarify the factors affecting the heavy metal concentration in urine among the subjects, the multiple regression analysis was conducted. As a result, it turned out that as to cadmium content in urine, gender, age, drinking, and smoking have influence on the subjects, with explanatory adequacy of 37.5 %.

Keywords

References

  1. 강미영, 1999, 일반주민의 혈액 및 요 중 카드뮴 농도의 영향 요인에 관한 연구, 석사학위논문, 서울시립대학교.
  2. 김의혁, 2005, 생선 섭취가 임산부 혈 중 수은 농도에 미치는 영향, 석사학위논문, 연세대학교.
  3. 김정만, 안정모, 김원술, 김정일, 신해림, 정갑열, 김준연,2000, 한국인의 연, 망간, 알루미늄 및 실리콘의 혈중 농도, 한국산업의학연구소 논총, 33(2), 75 - 82.
  4. 민경복, 2002, 서울시 일부 지역 주민의 혈 중 납 농도에 영향을 미치는 환경요소, 석사학위논문, 서울대학교.
  5. 박정숙, 2007, 환경오염이 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구, 석사학위논문, 광운대학교.
  6. 손부순, 박종안, 양원호, 장봉기, 김대선, 2001, 환경위해성평가, 21세기사.
  7. 윤영희, 2007, 폐금속광산 지역 주민들의 요 중 카드뮴농도, 석사학위논문, 서울대학교.
  8. 윤창규, 1991, 공단 근로자들의 혈중 중금속 농도에 관한 비교 연구, 박사학위논문, 충남대학교.
  9. 이상기, 양자열, 김기욱, 이수연, 권태정, 유영찬, 2003,한국인의 체내 비소오염도 조사 연구, 한국환경독성학회지, 18(2), 101-109.
  10. 정종학, 강복수, 김창윤, 이경수, 황태윤, 김규태, 박종서, 박시영, 김대섭, 임우택, 사공준, 2005, 경상북도 일부 폐금속 광산 인근지역 주민들의 혈중 연, 요중 카드뮴 농도 및 건강영향조사, 대한산업의학회지, 17(3), 225-237.
  11. 호문기, 2003, 혈 중 수은 농도와 건강 및 생활요인과의 관련성 연구, 석사학위논문, 연세대학교.
  12. Abernathy, C. O., Thomas, D. J., Calderon, R. L., 2003,Health effects and risk assessment of arsenic, J.Nutr, 133(5), 1536-1538. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.5.1536S
  13. Aguilera, I., Daponte, A., Gil, F., Hernández, A. F.,Godoy, P., Pla, A., Ramos, J. L., 2008,Biomonitoring of urinary metals in a population living in the vicinity of industrial sources, The Science of the total environment, 407(1), 669-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.041
  14. Agusa, T., Kunito, T., Iwata, H., Monirith, I., Tana, T. S., Subramanian, A., Tanabe, S., 2005, Mercury contamination in human hair and fish from Cambodia: levels, specific accumulation and risk assessment, Environmental Pollution, 134(1), 79- 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.07.015
  15. Alessio, L., Apostoli, P., Crippa, M., 1995, Influence of individual factors and personal habits on the levels of biological indicators of exposure, Toxicol. lett.,77(1-3), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(95)03277-0
  16. Baecklund, M., Pedersen, N. L., Björkman, L., Vahter, M., 1999, Variation in blood concentration of cadmium and lead in the elderly, Environ. Res.,80(3), 222-230. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1998.3895
  17. Batariova, A., Spevackova, V., Benes, B., Cejchanova, M., Smid, J., Cerna, M., 2006, Blood and urine levels of Pb, Cd and Hg in the general population of the Czech Republic and proposed reference values, Int. J. Hyg, Environ-Health, 209(4), 359-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.02.005
  18. Bener, A., Almehdi, A. M., Alwash, R., Al-Neamy, F. R. M., 2001, A pilot survey of blood lead levels in various types of workers in the United Arab Emirates, Environment Intermational, 27(4), 311-314.
  19. Chuang, H. Y., Cheng, W. C., Chen, C. Y., Yang, Y. H., Sung, F. C., Yang, C. Y., Wu, T. N., 2008, A follow-up comparison of blood lead levels betweenforeign and native workers of battery manufacturing in Taiwan, Science of the total environment, 394(1), 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.032
  20. Gebel, T. W., 1999, Arsenic and drinking water contamination, Science, 183(5), 1458-1459.
  21. Gil, F., Capita-Vallvey, L. F., De Santiago, E., Ballesta, J., Pla, A., Hernadez, A. F., Gutierez-Bedmar, M., Fernadez-Crehuet, J. n., Goez, J. n., Loez-Guarnido, O., 2006, Heavy metal concentrations in the general population of Andalusia, South of Spain, Science of the total environment, 372(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.004
  22. Jarup, L., Berglund, M., Elinder, C. G., Nordberg, G.,Vahter, M., 1998, Health effect of cadmium exposure: a review of the literature and a risk estimate, Scand J. Work Environ. Health, 24(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.270
  23. Kido, T., Sunaga, K., Nishijo, M., Nakagawa, H.,Kobayashi, E., Nogawa, K., 2004, The relation individual cadmium concentration in urine with total cadmium intake in Kakehashi River basin, Japan., Toxicology Letters, 152(1), 57-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.001
  24. Korea Health Industry Development Institute, 2004, Dietary Intake and Risk assessment of Contaminants in Korean Foods.
  25. Lee, M. H., 2006, The blood cadmium and lead levels in students, J. EXP. Biomed. Sci., 12(4), 371-374.
  26. Mead, M. N., 2005, Arsenic : in search of an antidote to a global poison, Environ. Health Perspect, 113(6),378-386. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.113-a378
  27. Milton, A. H., Rahman, M., 2002, Respiratory effects and arsenic contaminated well water in Bangladesh, Int. J. Environ. Health Res., 12(2), 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603120220129346
  28. Ministry of Environment, 2004, White Paper ofEnvironment.
  29. Mohri, T., Hisanaga, A., Ishinishi, N., 1990, Arsenic intake and excretion by Japanese adults: A 7-day duplicate diet study. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 28(7), 521-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(90)90123-5
  30. Mortada, W. I., Sobh, M. A., El-Defrawy, M. M.,Farahat, S. E., 2001, Reference intervals of cadmium, lead and mercury in blood, urine, hair and nails among residents in Mansoura city, Nile Delta, Egypt., Environmental research, 90(2), 104-110.
  31. Nriagu, J., Burt, B., Linder, A., Ismail, A., Sohn, W., 2006, lead levels in blood and saliva in a low-income population of Detroit, Michigan, Int. J. Hyg. Environ.-Health, 209(2), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.11.005
  32. Ohn, Y. H., Park, T. D., Choi, B. S., Hong, Y. P.,Chang, I. W., 1995, Blood Cadmium and Zinc and Urinary N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase Activity in Rural Residents Not Exposed to Cadmium,Chung-Ang journal of medicine, 20(4), 333-350.
  33. Rojas, M., Seijas, D., Agreda, O., Rodríguez, M., 2006, Biological monitoring of mercury exposure in individuals referred to a toxicological center in Venezuela, The Science of the total environment, 354(2-3), 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.023
  34. Trepka, M. J., Heinrich, J., Schulz, C., Krause, C., Popescu, M., Wjst, M., Wichmann, H. E., 1996, Arsenic burden among children in industrial areasof eastern Germany, The Science of the Total Environment, 180(2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04945-2
  35. Yasutake, A., Matsumoto, M., Yamaguchi, M., Hachiya, N., 2003, Current hair mercury levels in Japanese: Survey in Five Districts, Tohoku J. Exp. Med.,199(3), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.199.161
  36. Yoshida, T., Yamauchi, H., Fan Sun, G., 2004, Chronic health effects in people exposed to arsenic via the drinking water: dose-response relationships in review, Toxicol Appl. Pharmacol, 198(3), 243-252.