• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.234-244
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• 2000

It is widely recognized that manipulation of body position takes advantage of the influences of gravity for improving oxygenation. The study aims to determine the effects of positioning(supine, prone, right lateral decubitus and left lateral decubitus positions) applied to the mechanically ventilatory acute respiratory failure patients on arterial oxygen partial pressure($PaO_2$), alveolar arterial oxygen tension difference($AaDO_2$), mean aterial pressure, peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure. Thirty two acute respiratory failure patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea from March 1997 to January 1998, were divided into three groups by radiographic evidence of unilateral or bilateral lung disease. In group 1 with dominant right lung disease were twelve subjects, group 2 with dominant left lung disease had eight subjects and group 3 had twelve subjects with bilateral lung disease. The variables were measured in 30 minutes after each position of supine, prone, good lung down lateral decubitus and sick lung down lateral decubitus position. The position order was done at random by Latin squre design. The results are as follows; 1) With group 1 patients, the $PaO_2$ in the left lateral decubitus and prone position were $126.8{\pm}30.8$ mmHg and $106.7{\pm}36.8$ mmHg, respectively(p=0.0001). 2) With group 2 patients, the $PaO_2$ in the prone and the right lateral decubitus position were $121.7{\pm}44.7$ mmHg and $118.5{\pm}31.7$ mmHg, respectively (p=0.0018). 3) With group 3 patients, the $PaO_2$ was $143.6{\pm}36.6$ mmHg in the prone position (p=0.0001). 4) With group 1 patients, the $AaDO_2$ in the left lateral decubitus and the right lateral decubitus position were $178.1{\pm}29.7$ mmHg and $233.1{\pm}24.4$ mmHg, respectively(p=0.0001). 5) With group 2 patients, the $AaDO_2$ in the prone and the left lateral decubitus postion were $184.0{\pm}39.5$ mmHg and $231.0{\pm}23.9$ mmHg, respectively(p=0.0019). 6) With group 3 patients, the $AaDO_2$ in the prone and the supine postion were $377.1{\pm}35.6$ mmHg and $435.7{\pm}13.1$ mmHg, respectively (p=0.0001). 7) There were no differences among the mean arterial pressure, peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure for each of the supine, prone, left lateral decubitus and right lateral decubitus position. The results suggest that oxygenation may improve in mechanically ventilatory patients with unilateral lung disease when the position is good lung dependent and prone, and patients with bilateral lung disease when the position is prone without any effects on the mean arterial pressure and airway pressure. It is suggested that body positions improve ventilation/perfusion matching and oxygenation need to be specified in patient care plans.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.76-90
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• 2018

To determine the distribution of mercury (Hg) in the coastal surface sediments around the Korean peninsula, the baseline concentration of Hg was estimated, the extent of contamination was assessed, and the factors controlling the distribution were discussed. The concentrations of Hg in surface sediments were significantly high in Jinhae-Masan Bay in the South Sea, Ulsan-Onsan Bay and Yeongil Bay in the East Sea, but Hg in other sediments showed a similar distribution to Cs and relatively very low concentration between 0.21 and $39.5{\mu}g/kg$ ($13.6{\pm}7.80{\mu}g/kg$). Compared to the sediment quality guidelines in Korea, 8 % of the surface sediments (n=282) analyzed in this study exceeded the values of the threshold effects level (TEL), and six sediments collected around Onsan Port were higher than the value of the probable effects level (PEL). The contamination levels of Hg were assessed by the enrichment factors using the baseline concentration (2.06Cs+1.75) based on the residual analysis from the linear regression line for Cs, and further, factors controlling the distribution of Hg were discussed by the comparison with geochemical substances depending upon the Hg enrichment level. Hg concentrations were correlated well with Cs concentration in the range of less than 1.69 of EF implying grain size control, while in the range of 1.69 and 4.03 Hg concentrations were correlated well with Fe oxyhyroxide and organic carbon contents, which indicates Hg was enriched by superior sorption capability. On the meanwhile, samples with higher EFs (4.03 to 74.9) showed fairly positive correlations with other metals (Cu, Zn, Pb) rather than geochemical substances. For samples in Youngil Bay and Ulsan-Onsan Bay (n=30), Hg concentrations were correlated only with other metals rather than geochemical substances implying simultaneous supply of metal particles from metal refineries. But samples at Gosung, Sokcho and Uljin coast were correlated well with organic carbon even though they had high EFs. In addition, samples in Jinhae-Masan Bay with high contents of S were enriched by relatively high sulfide formation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1979

The present study reports 41 cases of congenital and acquired heart diseases, who received open heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation [ECC] by Sarns Heart-Lung-Machine [HLM] at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital during the` period between July 1975 and February 1979. The priming of pump oxygenator was carried out by the hemodilution method using Hartman`s solution, whole blood, and fresh human plasma. The rate of hemodilution was in the average of 50.8 ml/kg. ECC was performed at the average perfusion flow rate of 85.0 ml/kg/min [2.43 L./ kg/2] and at moderate hypothermia. In the total cardiopulmonary bypass, arterial pressure ranged between 55 mmHg and 90 mmHg, but generally maintaining over 70 mmHg. Patient age ranged between 2 and 54 year old, in congenital heart diseases, between 2 and 28, in acquired heart diseases, between 17 and 54 Sex ratio of male to female was 20:21. The cases include a case of pulmonary valvular stenosis, 4 cases of atrial septal defect, 9 cases of ventricular septal defect, 9 cases of tetralogy of Fallot, 5 cases of pentalogy of Fallot, 3 cases of atypical multiple anomalies 7 cases of mitral stenosis or insufficiency, a case of myxoma in left atrium, and a case of ruptured aneurysm of Valsalva`s sinus. The surgical managements were 16 valvulotomy for pulmonary valvular stenosis, 2 Teflon patch graft closure and 5 simple suture closure of atrial septal defect, 16 Teflon patch graft closure and 5 simple suture closure of ventricular septal defect, 12 pericardial patch graft for infundibular stenosis of right ventricle, one anastomosis between left superior vena cava and right atrium, 2 open mitral commissurotomy, 5 mitral valve replacement using Starr-Edward`s ball valve, porcine xenograft by Hancock, by Carpentier-Edward, or Angell-Shiley, one removal of left atrial myxoma, and a repair of ruptured aneurysm of Valsalva`s sinus. Four [9.7%] out 41 cases expired postoperatively and the rest of 37 cases survived with satisfactory results. The causes of death were one coronary embolism in tetralogy of Fallot, 2 postoperative lower cardiac output in atypical multiple anomalies, and one right heart failure in large: ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.132-139
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• 2020

Background: The double-lumen cannula (DLC) has begun to be used worldwide for venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We aimed to examine whether the DLC could be an effective tool in the treatment of pediatric respiratory failure in Korea. Methods: We reviewed the records of patients weighing under 15 kg who underwent ECMO due to respiratory failure between January 2017 and December 2018. Outcomes of ECMO using a DLC and conventional ECMO using central method or 2 peripheral cannulas were compared. Results: Twelve patients were treated with ECMO for respiratory failure. Among them, a DLC was used in 5 patients, the median age of whom was 3.8 months (interquartile range, 0.1-49.7 months). In these patients, the median values of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and partial pressure of oxygen were 7.09, 74 mm Hg, and 37 mm Hg before ECMO and corrected to 7.31, 44 mm Hg, and 85 mm Hg, respectively, after ECMO cannulation. Median blood flow rate in the patients treated with ECMO using a DLC was slightly higher than that in the conventional ECMO group, but this difference was not statistically significant (86.1 mL/kg/min and 74.3 mL/kg/min, respectively; p=1.00). One patient from the DLC group and 3 patients from the conventional group were weaned off ECMO. Conclusion: VV ECMO using a DLC provided adequate oxygenation, ventilation, and blood flow rate in Korean pediatric patients with respiratory failure. Further prospective and randomized studies are warranted.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 1977

In the addition condensation reaction of m-phenylenediamine(MPD) and resorcinol (RES) with formaldehyde, the suspension polymerization in liquid paraffin was performed and the bead polymers were obtained with good results. The polymers were treated with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions in order to improve the adsorption capacity to the metallic ions and the adsorptivity to the several metallic ions, such as $Cd^{2+},\;Pb^{2+},\;Al^{3+},\;Mg^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;and\;Hg^{2+}$ of the alkali-treated and untreated polymers were tested. These MPD-RES-F type resins showed better adsorption capacity to the heavy metallic ions such as $Cd^{2+}\;and\;Hg^{2+}$ than the light metallic ions such as $Pb^{2+},\;Al^{3+}\;and\;Mg^{2+}$, and the treatment of the resins with about 20 percent aqueous sodium hydroxide solution showed significant improvement of the adsorption capacity to the metallic ions in all cases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.333-336
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• 2007

A 6-month-old intact male Maltese dog (2.5 kg of body weight) was presented with the primary complaint of heart murmur and exercise intolerance. Diagnostic studies revealed severe pulmonic stenosis. Since the pressure gradient in stenotic pulmonic valve area was higher than 200 mmHg (maximum flow velocity = 7.1 m/s), the dog was underwent balloon valvuloplasty. With this procedure, the peak pulmonic velocity was reduced to 3.0 m/s (PG = 36 mmHg). Periodic re-evaluations performed in monthly interval revealed no further deterioration even after 4 month of procedure. This is the first case report of pulmonic stenosis fixed by non-surgical balloon valvuloplasty in Korea.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2003

Results : 1. Vermilionum is made from the mixture of mercury and sulfur, resulting in reddish mercuric sulfide(Hg2S). 2. The characteristics for Vermilionum are pungent and sweet, has warm temperature, and enters heart, lung, and stomach meridians. 3. The efficacies of Vermilionum are to eliminate parasites, expels phlegm and dampness, and sedate heart and calm spirit. 4. Long-term intake make results in mercuric toxication. 5. Further researches on the administration methods and dosages are required to reduce side effects.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.3 s.130
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• pp.200-206
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• 2002

The rhizoma of Polygonatum odoratum (Liliaceae) has been used as the treatment of body fluid deficiency, dryness symptoms and hyper glycemia. To study effects on acute renal failure of P. odorati rhizoma, urinary volume, urinary electrolytes and serum factors associated with renal dysfunction were measured in $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure rats. It was revealed that its ether ex. had significant diuretic effects, regulated hypoelectrolytes$(Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-)$ and inhibited the increase of creatinine, BUN in acute renal failure rats. From the ether ex. which was more effective than MeOH ex., three lipophilic compounds were isolated and elucidated hydrocarbon(l), ${\beta}-sitosteryl$ stearate(2), ${\beta}-sitosterol$(3). The ${\beta}-sitosteryl$ stearate(2) were isolated from Polygonatum sp. at first.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 1993

The treatmene of V79 cells with diethyl maleate (DEM) led to decrease in glutathione (GSH) level as increasing DEM concentration. Mercuric chloride, treated for 6 hrs with 2ng/ml, affected the GSH metabolizing enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSP), dropping their activities to 60% and 75%, respectively, though not so much in GSH level(80%). However, the toxic effects of mercuric chloride on those enzymes and GSH level were both amplified when the Hg2+ treatment was combined with the preceding DEM treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 1996

산업장이나 생활환경에서 접하기 쉬운 수용성 염화물을 중심으로 19개 원소 24종의 금속화합물이 Chinese Hamster Don 세포에 있어서의 sister chromatid exchange(SCE) 출현빈도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Chinese Hamster Don 세포에 대한 자매염색분체 교환출현빈도의 증가가 $CrO_3, K_2CrO_4, K_2Cr_2O_7, MnCl_2, K_2SeO_3, CH_3HgCl$ (p<0.01), $CoCl_2, Na_2HAsO_4, HgCl_2$ (p<0.05) 9종의 금속화합물에서 나타났으며, dose-response relationships이 현저한 금속화합물은 6가 크로화합물과 $K_2SeO_3$이었다.