• 한국동물학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 1992

흰쥐 정자의 성숙과정중에 일어나는 부정소 상피세포, 내강 및 정자 사이의 상호관계를 알아보기 위하여 각 실험군 별로 웅성호르몬 투여에 따른 탄수화물 관기의 함량 변화를 측정하였고, tunicamycin 투여 후 hexosamine의 할량 변화를 살펴봄으로써 glycosylation되는 장소를 확인하였다. 부정소두와 부정소이 상피세포내의 hexose 함량은 거세 후 5일군부터 유의성있게 감소하였고, testosterone 투여시는 각각 5일 , 10일군부터 유의하게 증가하였으며 , hexosamine과 sialic acid의 경우도 통계적으로 유의하게 변화하는 시기는 달랐으나 hexose와 유사하게 증가와 감소하는 경향이 나타났으므로 이러한 하나하나의 탄수화물 관기의 함량 변화는 웅성호르몬에 의존적임을 알 수 있었다. Tunicamycin을 투여하여 hexosamine의 함량 변화를 측정하였을 때 투여 기간에 따라 상피세포와 내강액에서 유의하게 감소하였으나, 정자에서는 일관성있게 감소되지 않았으므로 정자가 직접 hexosamine또는 여러 당단백질 합성에 관여하는 것은 아니며 부정소상피세포나 내장에 의하여 영향받을 수 있다는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.800-805
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• 1994

Antacid(AM, 600 mg/kg=aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone with a ratio of 1 : 1 : 0.1) and aceglutamide aluminium(AGA, 263 mg/kg)-Effect of the combined preparation containing on the gastric mucosal hexosamine, sialic acid, and aluminium contents adhered to the gastric wall of the rat was investigated. Severe ulcers were produced in rats by injecting of $30\;{\mu}l$ acetic acid(30%) into the subserosal layer of one position in the corpus. When given orally for 15 consecutive days, AM(1,200 mg/kg), AGA(525, 1,050 mg/kg), and the combined preparation significantly decreased the ulcer area. AGA(525, 1,050 mg/kg) and the combined preparation also increased the amount of hexosamine and sialic acid in the intact and ulcerated areas. On the other hand, the contents of hexosamine and sialic acid were not affected by AM (600, 1,200 mg/kg). The amount of aluminium adhered to the gastric wall of the rat was higher in the combined preparation when compared to the AM(600 mg/kg) and AGA(263 mg/kg). The aluminium contents adhered may play an important role protecting mucosa from aggresive action of gastric juice and potenting defensive factors through the increase of mucosa-forming components by AGA.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objectives : Coptidis Rhizoma has been used for stomach disease. However, its property is so cold that it might be avoided to prescribe for the elderly and the infirm having indigestion or diarrhea. Accordingly, the present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Coptidis Rhizoma herbal acupuncture extract against acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by compound 48/80 in rats. Methods : The Coptidis Rhizoma herbal acupuncture (CRHA) was injected in Choksamni and Chungwan 1 h before compound 48/80 treatment. The animals were sacrificed under anesthesia 3 h after compound 48/80 treatment. The stomachs were removed and the amount of gastric adherent mucus, gastric mucosal hexosamine, SOD, XO, TBARS and histological examination were performed. Results : The decline of gastric adherent mucus, gastric mucosal hexosamine and the histological defects of gastric mucus were significantly protected by CRHA treatment. Gastric adherent mucus in control group was reduced to $38.2{\pm}5.0%$. CRHA groups significantly protected the loss of mucus to $77.5{\pm}4.9%$. Mucosal hexosamine content showed similar patterns. Mucosal hexosamine content in control group was reduced to $45.2{\pm}6.2%$. CRHA groups significantly protected the loss of mucus to $83.0{\pm}7.0%$. The changes of gastric mucosal SOD and TBARS were recovered by CRHA treatment as well. Conclusions : CRHA showed the protective effects on the acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by compound 48/80 in rats. These results suggest that CRHA may have protective effects on the gastritis.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.159-172
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• 1991

흰쥐 부정소 정자의 성숙 전후에 일어나는 변화를 몇가지 효소를 중심으로 관찰하였고 그 성숙과정중에 일어나는 상피세포, 내강 및 정자 사이의 상호관계를 알아보기 위하여 실험군 별로 몇가지 효소의 활성도와 탄수화물 잔기의 함량을 측정하였으며, 전기영동을 이용하여 각 군의 차이를 관찰하고 이에 대한 웅성호르몬의 관련성을 알아보았다. 1. 부정소 두 정자와 부정소미 정자에서 활성도 측정시 lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase 및 Na+ -K+ -ATPase의 경우는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, $Mg^2$+-ATPase의 경우만이 부정소미 정자가 부정소두 정자보다 유의성 있게 높은 활성도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부정소두와 부정소미 상피세포 , 내강 및 정자의 세군으로 나누어 각각 탄수화물 잔기를 정량하였을 때 hexosamine은 상피세포에서, sialic acid는 상피세포와 내강액에서 부정소미의 경우가 더 높은 함량이 존재하였으며, 내강액과 정자의 crude membrance fraction을 SDS-PAGE 했을 때 분자량이 33-37 KD 사이에 존재하던 band가 부정소미 내강액과 부정소미 정자의 crude membrance fraction에서 관찰되었으므로 흰쥐에서 정자의 성숙과정과 관련된 부정소내의 여러 변화를 비교하는 자료가 될 수 있었다. 2. 부정소 내강액에서 $\beta$ -glucuronidase와 $\beta$ -glucosidase의 활성도 및 웅성호르몬에 대한 의존성을 측정하였을 때 거세 후 5일째부터 이 두 효소의 활성도가 모두 유의하게 감소하기 시작하였고, tentosterone을 투여하였을 때는 $\beta$ -glucuronidase는 투여 5일, $\beta$ -glucosidase는 투여 10일 후부터 유의하게 증가하였으며 웅성호르몬에 대한 내강액의 의존성을 알아보기 위하여 SDS-PAGE하였을 때 tentosterone투여군의 부정소두에서 분자량이 약 21 KD에 해당하는 band를 새로이 관찰하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.920-929
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• 1997

This study examined the effect of dietary salt levels on the incidence and cure of gastric ulcer in rats. Two sets of experiment were conducted . In the first experiment, the rats were divided into 3 groups. The 3 groups were fed 0%, 4%, and 8% NaCl diets respectively for 20days. The rats were given water -immersion restraint stress at the end of the dietary period , and sacrificed. The ulcer index by histological test was higher in rats fed the 8% NaCl diet than those in the other groups. The hexosamine and glutathione levels were significantly lower in the rats fed the 8% NaCl diet. Hematocrit and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) showed lower values caused by bleeding of gastric mucosa. The second experiment was designed to determine the effect of soldium concentration on the cure of gastric ulcer . As the gastric ulcer was recovered, ulcer length was gradually deceased in the control group but not changed in the 8% NaCl diet group. The gastric hexosamine and hepatic glutathione were increased in the control group but decreased in the 8% NaCl diet group. The hematologic indices of stressed rats showed the same tendency. As a result, dietary salt per se did not cause gastric ulcer . Once an ulcer is formed by stress or any other factor, higher levels of dietary salt may be detrimental to gastric mucosa, thereby delaying the healing of the ulcer. It is recommended that dietary salt intake be reduced in stress-prone people.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Atractylodis Rhizoma pharmacopuncture (ARP) against acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by compound 48/80 in rats. Methods: The ARP was injected in Joksamni (ST36) and Jungwan (CV12) 1 hr before treatment with compound 48/80. The animals were sacrificed under anesthesia 3 hrs after treatment with compound 48/80. The stomachs were removed, and the amounts of gastric adherent mucus, gastric mucosal hexosamine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), xanthine oxidase (XO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Also, histological examination were performed. Results: Gastric adherent mucus, gastric mucosal hexosamine and histological defects of gastric mucosa declined significantly after ARP treatment. Changes in gastric mucosal TBARS were also reduced by ARP treatment, but this result was not statistically significant. ARP treatment did not change the XO and the SOD activities. Conclusions: ARP showed protective effects for acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by compound 48/80 in rats. These results suggest that ARP may have protective effects for gastritis.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 1993

삼림토양(森林土壤)의 비옥도(肥沃度)를 질소성분(窒素成分)의 면에서 해명하기 위한 하나의 수단으로서 서로 다른 8개(個) 토양형(土壤型)에 대하여 질소(窒素)의 형태(形態)를 검토하였다. 유기물층(有機物層) 및 광질토양층(鑛質土壤層)의 무기능질소(無機態窒素)($NH_4-N+NO_3-N$)는 전질소(全窒素)에 대한 비율이 O층(層), 표층토(表層土) 및 하층토(下層土)에서 각각 약 2%, 3.7% 및 4.1% 이었다. O층(層)에 있어서의 유기능(有機能) 질소(窒素)의 형태(形態)는 분해(分解)가 진행됨에 따라 전반적으로 aminoacid-N의 감소와 amide-N 및 hexosamine-N의 증가(增加)경향이 있었다. 공시(供試)한 O층(層)의 각층위에 있어서 가수분해성질소(可水分解性窒素)는 약 80-90%로 수종간(樹種間) 또는 층위별간(層位別間)의 큰 차이는 없었다. L층(層)에 있어서는 aminoacid-N가 가장 많아 약 40-50%에 달했으며, 가수분해성질소(可水分解性窒素)의 반(半)이상을 점하였다. Amide-N은 적었으며 약 10-23% 이었다. 이들 유기능질소(有機態窒素)의 각(各) 획분조성(劃分助成)에 있어서 수종(樹種)에 따른 영향은 크게 나타나지 않았다. 환경인자(環境因子)의 영향(影響)을 가장 크게 반영하는 O층(層) 및 표층토(表層土)에 있어서 건성형(乾性型) 토양(土壤)과 습성형(濕性型) 토양(土壤)간의 명료한 차이는 없었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1058-1068
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• 2007

The post-translational modifications of Ser and Thr residues by O-linked $\beta$-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), i.e., O-GlcNAcylation, is considered a key means of regulating signaling, in a manner analogous to protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the increased flux of glucose through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) stimulates O-GlcNAcylation, and that this may be responsible for many of the manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To determine whether excessive O-GlcNAcylation of target proteins results in pancreatic $\beta$ cell dysfunction, we increased nucleocytoplasmic protein O-GlcNAcylation levels in $\beta$ cells by exposing them to streptozotocin and/or glucosamine. Streptozotocin and glucosamine co-treatment increased O-GlcNAcylated proteomic patterns as assessed by immunoblotting, and these increases in nuclear and cytoplasmic protein O-GlcNAcylations were accompanied by impaired insulin secretion and enhanced apoptosis in pancreatic $\beta$ cells. This observed $\beta$cell dysfunction prompted us to examine Akt and Bcl-2 family member proteins to determine which proteins are O-GlcNAcylated under conditions of high HBP throughput, and how these proteins are associated with $\beta$ cell apoptosis. Eventually, we identified ten new O-GlcNAcylated proteins that were expressed during $\beta$ cell apoptosis, and analyzed the functional implications of these proteins in relation to pancreatic $\beta$ cell dysfunction.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.132-140
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• 1998

This study aimed to verify the nutritional and curative effects of protein hydroysate and optimal ratio between protein and protein hydroysate as nitrogen source in rats with cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer. Duodenal ulcer rat model was established by intraperitoneal injections of cysteamine. Sprague-Dawley, female rats weighing approximately 200g were intrapertionealy injected twice cysteamine(13mg/100g BW) at intervals of 3hours per day. This procedure was repeated 3 times at intervals of 3 days. Animals fed on 10% casein diet for injection periods. After last injection, 5 kinds of kiets (the ratio of casein and casein hydrolysate was 100 : 0(C100), 75 : 25(CH 25), 50 : 50(CH 50), 25 : 75(CH 75), 0 : 100(CH 100)) were given. The rate were sacrificed after feeding diet, 1, 3, 5 days. Ulcer index, hexosamine content of stomach and duodeum, gastric motility, trypsin activity, blood glutathione, plasma total protein, albumin, amino-N, urinalry urea nitrogen, creatinine, hydroxyproline and retention rate of nitrogen were analyzed for nutritional effects of diet treatments. There were no differences among diet groups in the view of the growth and diet treatments. There difference of ulcer curation by diet was appeared after 3 days. The ulcer indexes of C100 and CH 25 of 3, 5 days were significantly higher than those of CH 50, CH 75 and CH 100. This result was the same as hexosamine content of stomach, plasma protein, albumin concentration and nitrogen retention rate. The more casein hydrolysate diet had, the lower trypsin activity was. The more casein gydroysate diet had, the higher excretion of hydroxyproline was. These results show that protein hydrolysate can be applied in diet therapy for the patients with gastronitestinal ulcer. It suggests that it has curative effect of diet when nitogen sources include at least over than 50% of protein hydrolysate.

• BMB Reports
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2024

Elevated blood glucose is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Data from the current study showed that glucosamine (GlcN), a normal glucose metabolite of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), promoted lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Oleic acid- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lipid accumulation was further enhanced by GlcN in RAW264.7 cells, although there was no a significant change in the rate of fatty acid uptake. GlcN increased acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), scavenger receptor class A, liver X receptor, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA expression, and; conversely, suppressed ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1) and ABCG-1 expression. Additionally, GlcN promoted O-GlcNAcylation of nuclear SREBP-1 but did not affect its DNA binding activity. GlcN stimulated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S6 kinase. Rapamycin, a mTOR-specific inhibitor, suppressed GlcN-induced lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 cells. The GlcN-mediated increase in ACC and FAS mRNA was suppressed, while the decrease in ABCA-1 and ABCG-1 by GlcN was not significantly altered by rapamycin. Together, our results highlight the importance of the mTOR signaling pathway in GlcN-induced macrophage lipid accumulation and further support a potential link between mTOR and HBP signaling in lipogenesis.