• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2012

Heterotopic pregnancy is rare event and the risk is increased with assisted reproductive technology procedures. Heterotopic cervical pregnancy is even more unusual. We report a rare case of heterotopic cervical pregnancy that was managed successfully. A 36-year-old women who conceived by IVF-ICSI was diagnosed with heterotopic cervical pregnancy. She visited the emergency room with vaginal bleeding at 5 weeks of gestation and underwent careful intracervical gestational sac reduction with forceps under abdominal guidance the next day. The postoperative course was uneventful and with regular check-ups, the intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) progressed unremarkably through 41 weeks with delivery of a healthy newborn. We reviewed a total of 37 cases of heterotopic pregnancy that have been reported in the English language literature. There have been many attempts to eliminate the cervical embryo while preserving the IUP, and complete cervical evacuation is important in order to avoid infection, bleeding, and premature birth.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.69-69
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• 2006

병합임신은 두 개의 수정란이 자궁강 내와 자궁강 외에 동시에 착상되어 임신되는 것을 말한다. 그 예가 드물어 자연발생빈도는 약 30,000건의 임신 중 1명으로 나타나지만, 최근에는 불임환자의 체외 수정을 위한 배란 유도제의 사용이나 기타 생식 보조술의 발달, 골반내 염증, 난관수술로 인해 증가하고 있다. 병합임신은 조기 진단이 어려워 이에 따른 모성 사망률, 이환율이 높아지므로, 진단에 있어서 신중함이 중요하다. 저자들은 경찰병원에서 자연 생리주기에서 7주간의 무월경과 심한 하복부 통증을 주소로 내원한 29세 여환에서 발견된 좌측 난관임신과 자궁강 내 임신이 공존하는 병합임신을 간단한 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.262-268
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• 1997

Combined intrauterine and ectopic (heterotopic) pregnancy occurs in approximately 1 in 30,000 spontaneous gestations. Heterotopic gestations are increased in women who have had reconstructive pelvic surgery, pelvic inflammatory disease and artificial ovarian hyperstimulation. Patients who require assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization / embryo transfer and gamete intrafallopian transfer, also have an increased risk of a heterotopic pregnancy. We experienced two cases of combined pregnancy following IVF-ET. Following is a report of these cases with a brief review of references.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2005

Heterotopic pregnancy is named when an extrauterine (ectopic) pregnancy coexists with an intrauterine pregnancy simultaneously by many causes such as PID (pelvic inflammatory disease), endometriosis, IUD (intrauterine device), previous pelvic surgery and others. This is very rare in general population, with a range of occurrence estimated between 1:7963 and 1:30000. But recently the incidence has increased as the uses of ARTs (assisted reproductive technologies) including ovulation induction, IVF-ET (in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer) and GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer) increase. Because this has high maternal morbidity, mortality and fetal loss, early diagnosis and proper management is very important. We report a case of heterotopic pregnancy following IVF-ET with a brief review.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2010

병합임신은 자궁 외 임신으로 인한 증상이 정상 자궁 내 임신으로 인한 것으로 오인되어 진단이 늦어지기 쉽다. 이러한 병합임신은 배란 유도제의 사용 및 보조 생식술로 인해 최근 증가되는 추세이다. 저자들은 다낭성 난소 증후군 여성에서 클로미펜을 이용한 배란 유도 후 임신된 여성에서 자궁 내 쌍태아 및 양측 난관에 임신이 된 예를 경험하였기에 간단한 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.239-249
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• 1999

The role of amino acids in culture media for IVF-ET was examined in a total of 76 cycles. Patients received clomiphene citrate (CC) followed by hMG or GnRH-a combined with gonadotropins (FSH/hMG) for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Severe male (<$4{\times}10^6$ motile sperm) or age factor (>39 y) patients were excluded in this study. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. No significant differences were found in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, the level of $E_2$ on the day of hCG injection, the mean number of oocytes retrieved, total motile sperm count, fertilization rate and the mean number of embryos transferred between bHTF (without amino acids) and mHTF (with amino acids) groups. However, total ampules of gonadotropins were higher (p<0.01) in mHTF group than bHTF group. Significantly (p<0.05) more clinical pregnancies were recorded in mHTF group (13/30) compared with bHTF group (9/46). The multiple pregnancy rates were 11.1% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF group. There were one ectopic pregnancy in mHTF group and one heterotopic pregnancy in bHTF group. Abortion rates were 22.2% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF, respectively. The ongoing pregnancy or livebirth rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mHTF group (12/30) than bHTF group (7/46). These results suggest that the addition of amino acids in culture media is essential for culture of zygotes in vitro and adjustment of energy substrates in phosphate-free culture media appears to be beneficial for human IVF-ET procedure.