• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8619-8623
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is a common disorder in women, constituting one of the main causes of death all over the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the breast tissue diseases by the help of thermography. Materials and Methods: In this paper, we applied non-contact infrared camera, INFREC R500 for evaluating the capabilities of thermography. The study was conducted on 60 patients suspected of breast disease, who were referred to Imam Khomeini Imaging Center. Information obtained from the questionnaires and clinical examinations along with the obtained diagnostic results from ultrasound images, biopsies and thermography, were analyzed. The results indicated that the use of thermography as well as the asymmetry technique is useful in identifying hypoechoic as well as cystic masses. It should be noted that the patient should not suffer from breast discharge. Results: The accuracy of asymmetry technique identification is respectively 91/89% and 92/30%. Also the accuracy of the exact location of identification is on the 61/53% and 75%. The approach also proved effective in identifying heterogeneous lesions, fibroadenomas, and intraductal masses, but not ISO-echoes and calcified masses. Conclusions: According to the results of the investigation, thermography may be useful in the initial screening and supplementation of diagnostic procedures due to its safety (its non-radiation properties), low cost and the good recognition of breast tissue disease.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 2001

Purpose: Dysplasia or flat adenoma of the stomach is regarded as a precancerous lesion. However, the frequency and the evolutionary process of malignant transformation of gastric dysplasia are still debated. In order to see whether the lesion was a monoclonal or a polyclonal proliferation, clonality was assayed by X-linked HUMARA polymorphism. Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from the paraffin-embedded tissue of 16 consecutive cases of endoscopic biopsy, eight of which supplied both dysplastic and nondysplastic tissue for comparison. HUMARA was amplified by PCR with or without pretreatment with methylationsensitive restriction enzyme, HpaII. The amplification products were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel and silver-stained. Results: Among the 16 cases, 13 cases were informative and 3 cases noninformative. Of the 13 cases, one case showed skewed lyonization, rendering 12 cases to be analyzed further. A monoclonal band pattern was noted in 2 cases, and a polyclonal band pattern in 10 cases. A review of the histopathologies of the monoclonal and the polyclonal cases did not reveal features discriminating the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that gastric dysplasia is a disease entity heterogeneous in the genetic level, and many cases may be non-neoplastic.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3691-3696
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• 2015

Background: Cancer loci comprise heterogeneous cell populations with diverse cellular secretions. Therefore, disseminating cancer-specific or cancer-associated protein antigens from tissue lysates could only be marginally correct, if otherwise not validated against precise standards. Materials and Methods: In this study, 2DE proteomic profiles were examined from lysates of 13 lung-adenocarcinoma tissue samples and matched against the A549 cell line proteome. A549 matched-cancer-specific hits were analyzed and characterized by MALDI-TOF/MS. Results: Comparative analysis identified a total of 13 protein spots with differential expression. These proteins were found to be involved in critical cellular functions regulating pyrimidine metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway and integrin signaling. Gene ontology based analysis classified majority of protein hits responsible for metabolic processes. Among these, only a single non-predictive protein spot was found to be a cancer cell specific hit, identified as Armadillo repeat-containing protein 8 (ARMC8). Pathway reconstruction studies showed that ARMC8 lies at the centre of cancer metabolic pathways. Conclusions: The findings in this report are suggestive of a regulatory role of ARMC8 in control of proliferation and differentiation in lung adenocarcinomas.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.430-434
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• 2014

Two dogs were referred with the clinical signs of depression and constipation, respectively. One dog with depression had hypoglycemia on biochemistry. On survey abdominal radiographs, a soft tissue density round mass with calcified spots was identified cranial to the urinary bladder. On ultrasonographs, a solitary oval heterogeneous complex-echoic mass with well-defined margin was found. On surgery, the mass was pedunculated and originated from the colonic wall. The resected mass was confirmed as colonic leiomyoma. The other dog with constipation had normal CBC and biochemistry values. On survey abdominal radiographs, there was a soft tissue density round mass dorsal to the descending colon and rectum. The descending colon was displaced ventrally and narrowed by the mass. On ultrasonographs, a well-defined round heteroechoic mass compressed the colon. The mass was also pedunculated and originated from the colonic wall on surgery and confirmed as colonic leiomyoma. Two dogs recovered without any clinical signs after surgery and showed permanent resolution of the clinical signs, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 1984

These studies were carried out to identify anatomical characteristics of ray parenchyma of xylem tissue of trunk in 6 species of Populus and 5 species of Salix which were grown in Korea. The results of these experiments were summarized as follows: In the type of ray parenchyma, Populus had uniseriate homogeneous ray tissue and Sahx had uniseriate heterogeneous ray tissue. Upright ray cells among uniseriate heterogeneous ray tissue in Salix were subdivided into rectangular type and square type. The minimum and maximum length of procumbent ray cells of Populus ranged $26.84-212.28{\mu}$ and those of Salix were $46.36-170.80{\mu}$. However rectangular type of upright ray cell n Salix were $26.84-70.76{\mu}$ and square type were $17.08-43.92{\mu}$. The minimum and maximum width of procumbent ray cells of Populus ranged $12.20-24.40{\mu}$ but those of Salix were $12.20-26.84{\mu}$. However, rectangular type of upright ray cell in Salix were $9.76-41.48{\mu}$ and square type were $19.52-46.36{\mu}$. The height of ray parenchyma of Populus in tangential section ranged $65.88-414.80{\mu}$ but Salix were $65.88-439.20{\mu}$. Ray parenchyma width of Populus ranged $4.88-24.40{\mu}$ but those of Salix were $7.32-21.96{\mu}$. The number of ray parenchyma cells of Populus in tangential section were 3-26 cell, but Salix were 2-21 cells.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.146-149
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• 2018

A 7-year-old, castrated, male Maltese dog presented with hyporexia and depression for 3 days. Elevated serum amylase, lipase activities, and liver enzyme values were found upon blood examination. An abdominal mass was seen on radiographs caudal to the gastric body in the left middle abdomen. In the left middle abdomen, abdominal ultrasonography also revealed a massive, irregularly marginated, heterogeneous mass of unknown origin, and in the right cranial abdomen, heterogeneously hypoechoic pancreatic tissue and hyperechoic change of adjacent mesenteric fat were observed. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed an irregular contour of the left pancreatic limb as well as heterogeneously enhanced parenchyma. A low-attenuating peripancreatic fluid collection with a thin and irregular wall was also seen. Based on these findings, an atypical pancreatic abscess with necrotizing pancreatitis which manifested as walled-off necrosis was suspected. The mass was excised, and the pancreatic abscess was confirmed by histopathologic examination. No complications were found in the patient after two months of follow-up examination.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.230-238
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• 2010

Background: The MK1 strain, a novel bacterial isolate from soft-rotten tissue of the Neungee mushroom, produces copious amounts of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in a dextrose minimal medium. This study examined the molecular characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of MK1 EPS. Methods: The EPS in the culture supernatant was purified by cold ethanol precipitation, and characterized by SDS- PAGE/silver staining and Bio-HPLC. The immunomodulatory activities of the EPS were examined using the mouse monocytic cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Results: The molecular weights of the purified EPS were rather heterogeneous, ranging from 10.6 to 55 kDa. The EPS was composed of glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, and glucosamine at an approximate molar ratio of 1.00 : 0.8 : 0.71 : 0.29 : 0.21. EPS activated the RAW cells to produce cytokines, such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, and nitric oxide (NO). EPS also induced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, such as B7-1, B7-2 and ICAM-1, and increased the phagocytic activity. The macrophage-activating activity of EPS was not due to endotoxin contamination because the treatment of EPS with polymyin B did not reduce the macrophage-activating activity. Conclusion: The EPS produced from the MK1 strain exerts macrophage-activating activity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.511-520
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• 2008

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders manifested by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Mounting evidence demonstrates that diabetes is a risk factor for gingivitis and periodontitis. The circulating mononuclear phagocytes in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia are chronically exposed to high level of serum glucose. Thus, this study attempted to determine the effect of pre-exposure of monocytes and macrophages to high concentration of glucose on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Material and Methods: For this purpose, cells were cultured in medium containing normal (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) for 4-5 weeks before treatment for 24 h with LPS. LPS was highly purified from Porphyromonas gingivalis or Prevotella intermedia by phenol extraction. Result: Results showed that prolonged pre-exposure of cells to high glucose markedly increased LPS-stimulated NO secretion when compared to normal glucose. In addition to NO, high glucose also augmented LPS-stimulated IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-$\alpha$ secretion after cells were exposed to high glucose for 4 weeks. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that pre-exposure of mononuclear phagocytes with high glucose augments LPS-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory mediators. These findings may explain why periodontal tissue destruction in diabetic patients is more severe than that in non-diabetic individuals.

• The Korean Journal of Urological Oncology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2017

Cancer is the tissue complex consisted with heterogeneous cellular compositions, and microenvironmental cues. During the various stages of cancer initiation, development, and metastasis, cell-cell interactions as well as cell-extracellular matrix play major roles. Conventional cancer models both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional (3D) present numerous limitations, which restrict their use as biomimetic models for drug screening and fundamental cancer biology studies. Recently, bioprinting biofabrication platform enables the creation of high-resolution 3D structures. Moreover this platform has been extensively used to model multiple organs and diseases, and this versatile technique has further found its creation of accurate models that figure out the complexity of the cancer microenvironment. In this review we will focus on cancer biology and limitations with current cancer models and we discuss vascular structures bioprinting that are critical to the construction of complex 3D cancer organoids. We finally conclude with current literature on bioprinting cancer models and propose future perspectives.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2021

This report presents a rare case of maxillary osteoblastoma in a 17-year-old female. The patient presented with dull pain and facial asymmetry inferior to the left zygoma. An intraoral examination found a painless swelling on the buccal gingival tissue in the left posterior maxilla. Panoramic radiographs and multidetector computed tomographic images revealed an ill-defined, non-corticated, mixed attenuating entity of osseous density located within the left posterior maxilla apical to the left maxillary molars. The entity exhibited a heterogeneous internal structure with a fine granular appearance, and the periphery showed a partial hypo-attenuating rim along the antero-medial aspect. Expansion of the left posterior maxilla accompanied with displacement of the left maxillary sinus floor was noted. External root resorption of the first and second molars was noted, as well as postero-superior displacement of the third molar. The histopathologic diagnosis of the biopsy was osteoblastoma. Complete excision of the tumor was performed.