• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2001

Protoplast fusion is a useful technique for establishing fungal hybrids to overcome the natural barriers. The ultrastructure of protoplast and its fusion process were observed using a scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and a transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The protoplasts were variable in size from $0.5{\sim}15{\mu}m$ in diameter, and the mean diameter was about $3{\sim}5{\mu}m$. It was impossible to discriminate protoplasts of Lentinula edodes from protoplasts of Coriolus versicolor by size and surface structure. Big aggregates of the dehydrated protoplasts were observed, after polyethylene glycol 4000 treatment. Nucleus, mitochondria, lipid granules and various vesicles having granules were scattered in the cytoplasm. The vesicles were heterogeneous in size and vary from one protoplast to another. The fused membrane layer of the two protoplasts was observed. Time protoplast membrane contact and reorganization of membrane components were essential condition for protoplast fusion. Transmission electron micrograph showed fused protoplasts and flattening of the cells in the area of the membrane contact. We hope that our electron microscopic observations provide some insights into the understanding of the fusion process of protoplast in fungi.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.2088-2097
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• 1999

We propose the software framework construction method that increases reusability through use case extraction and structuring of software system's dynamic behavior of which identifying behavior patterns from software domain models. Most behavior models do not provide a consistent modeling technique for harmonizing user's heterogeneous requirements, and not yet prepared to a detailed optimizing technique for redevelopment and maintenance. Therefore, we need a software reuse framework to support consistency and reusability of existing development models using use cases with functional characteristics. a lattice model is used to this approach for structuring use cases, and the reuse process that can be driven to reusable components is introduced in this paper,.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 1995

The quality of human life is directly related to the quality of the environment. To assess environmental quality we must first determine the MCLG(Maximum Contaminant Level Goal), MCL(Maximum Contaminant Level), environmental impact and so on. The MCLG is the concentration at which no known adverse health effects occur. The MCLG is determined by risk assessment identifying which process is hazardous assessing, dose-response, human exposure, and characteristics of risk. With consideration of analytical methods, treatment technology, cost and regulatory impact, the MCL is set as close to the MCLG as possible. In this way, determination of the concentration and national distribution of contaminants is important for assessment of environmental quality The analytical sciences pose potential problems in assessing environmental quality. Continuing improvement in the performance of analytical instruments and operating technique has been lowering the limits of detectability. Contaminant concentration below the detection limit has usually been reported as ND(Not-Detected) and this has often been misunderstood as equivalent to zero. Because of this, more the contaminant concentration in the past was below the detection limit, whereas contaminants can be quantified now even though the contaminant concentration might remain the same or may even have decreased. In addition, environmental sampling has various components due to heterogeneous matrices. These samples are used to overestimate the concentration of the contaminant due to large variability, resulting in excess readings for MCL. In this paper, the significance of the analytical sciences is emphasized in both a conceptual and a technical approach to environmental assessment.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.836-858
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• 2010

Web Services allow a user to integrate applications from different platforms and languages. Since mobile applications often run on heterogeneous platforms and conditions, Web Service becomes a popular solution for integrating with server applications. However, because of its verbosity, XML based SOAP messaging gives the possible overhead to the less powerful mobile devices. Based on the mobile client's behavior that it usually exchanges messages with Web Service continuously in a session, we design the Handheld Flexible Representation architecture. Our proposed architecture consists of three main components: optimizing message representation by using a data format language (Simple_DFDL), streaming communication channel to reduce latency and the Context-store to store context information of a session as well as redundant parts of the messages. In this paper, we focus on the Context-store and describe the architecture with the Context-store for improving the performance of mobile Web Service messaging. We verify our approach by conducting various evaluations and investigate the performance and scalability of the proposed architecture. The empirical results show that we save 40% of transit time between a client and a service by reducing the message size. In contrast to solutions for a single problem such as the compression or binarization, our architecture addresses the problem at a system level. Thus, by using the Context-store, we expect reliable recovery from the fault condition and enhancing interoperability as well as improving the messaging performance.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.336-343
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• 2002

A major challenge for next generation mobile communication is capturing the system architecture’s complexity with all its internal and external dependencies. Seamless integration of heterogeneous environments in all system parts is a key requirement. Moreover, future systems have to consider the different evolution cycles of individual system parts. Among those, services are expected to change the fastest. With respect to these considerations, we propose an overall architecture for next generation mobile communication systems. It covers all system parts from wireless transmission to applications including network and middleware platform. Our approach focuses on adaptability in terms of recon- figurability and programmability to support unanticipated system evolution. Therefore, we consider abstraction layers which consist of adaptable cooperating components grouped by open platforms rather than rigid system layers. In addition to that, we introduce cross-layer cooperation allowing an efficient use of the available resources. Specific scenarios illustrate the feasibility of our approach.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2000

Object technologies like the OMG's CORBA are enabling technologies the aim to facilitate integration implementation of diverse software components in distributed. heterogeneous environment. CORBA and similar object integration technologies define a standard component interconnection and inter-operation model , promote object-oriented principles to encapsulate incompatible component implementations. In this Paper. we present a connector model for software architectural representation of complex component collaborations. Our Connector model is base on research in software achitecture and object-oriented modeling. and part of a design framework for modeling component-based system. We believe the connector concepts to be vary benificial for a clear expression of dependencies between multiple component in Java Bean-based system.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2018

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare, clinically and genetically heterogeneous, multi-system developmental disorder caused by mutations in genes that encode components of the cohesin complex. X-linked CdLS caused by an SMC1A mutation is an extremely rare disease characterized by phenotypes milder than those of classic CdLS. In the Republic of Korea, based on a literature review, one family with SMC1A-related CdLS with mild phenotypes has been genetically confirmed to date. In this study, we describe the clinical features of a Korean boy with a hemizygous novel missense mutation and his mother with a heterozygous mutation, i.e., c.2447G>A (p.Arg816His) in SMC1A, identified by multi-gene panel sequencing. The proband had a mild phenotype with typical facial features and his mother exhibited a mild, subclinical phenotype. This study expands the clinical spectrum of patients with X-linked CdLS caused by SMC1A variants. Moreover, these findings reinforce the notion that a dominant negative effect in a carrier female with a heterozygous mutation in SMC1A results in a phenotype milder than that in a male patient with the same mutation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to improve the Generic Agricultural Systems Simulator (GASS) which can simulate various rural systems based on object-oriented model. GASS provides the configuration platform of various system components to simplify integrated agricultural system models such as irrigation systems for rice farming. The new connection and communication modules of GASS improve applicability for modelling diverse systems. The geometric connection of GASS replaces topological connection, and communication protocols expand to analyze not only homogeneous system but also heterogeneous system. In this paper, we applied GASS2 to simulate the water heights of linked tanks and the simulation outputs were verified through comparing with analytical solutions of differential equations. The two new modules make it possible to analyze the 4-tank problem which includes topological and heterogenous issues with GASS2.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 2005

In this study, we propose a methodology of mating it easy to integrate the heterogeneous and distributed information of e-Business environments with the semantic web components , knowledge representation, ontology and agents. It is based on a collaborative interoperable environment, which should be constructed by meta-modeling and employing agents , and the syntactic/semantic integration. We adopt OWL(Web Ontology Language) to specify ontology in a layered architecture for each agent to use, which is based on the IRDS (Information Resource Dictionary Standard) framework. And we give an illustrative example using the terms from PSL(Process Specification Language)-ontology. By defining, managing and sharing resources and business-processes on the proposed framework, it could be possible to get rid of the cause of redundancy and inconsistency.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1995

In order to study the successional trend and the heterogeneity of forest community, we investigated DBH frequency distribution of dominant tree species and the changes of several community indicies including ${\beta}-diversity\;({\beta}_t)$ along a belt transect in Mt. Yongam, Kwangnung Experimental Forest, which has been preserved for about 530 years. Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora, and C. cordata were the three dominant species and their DBH frequency distribution showed a reverse J-shaped form, so these species seem to maintain by themselves. Dominancediversity curve had a lognormal distribution. d and H'for pooled quadrats were 0.13 and 1.09, respectively, but these indices within each quadiat varied with the range of 0.13 to 0.57 and 0.5 to 1.09, respectively. The value of ${\beta}_t$ along the belt transect ranged from 0.14 to 0.42. These results suggest that this forest community is in the stable climax stage but the components experience a heterogeneous microsuccession.