• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.326-336
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• 1998

면역 결핍 바이러스와 허피즈 바이러스 -1,2에 대한 한약의 항바이러스 작용을 관찰하기 위하여, 세포 바이러스 검색에 초기 독성과 감염 바이러스의 생존 세포 수를 비교적 단기간내 볼 수 있는 96-well plate를 이용한 MTT assay로 측정하였다. 본 실험은 예비 실험 단계에서 사용된 총 85가지의 한약중 단미제 6가지와 복합처방 44가지를 선정하였으며 복합처방은 유사한 치법으로 분류하였고 한약의 시료 추출은 순수하게 물로 전탕하여 여과하였다. 실험 결과 파두와 맥아가 면액 결핍 바이러스에 대해 감염초기 유의성이 있었으며 호장근, 갈근우방자탕과 형방패독산이 허피즈 바이러스-1,2에 대해 감염초기 유의성이 있었으나 실험의 시간 경과에 따른 지속적인 약효 안정성을 보이지는 못하였다. 이 실험을 통하여 한약을 이용한 우수한 바이러스 치료를 개발하기 위해서는 단미제나 복합 처방에서 항바이러스 작용이 큰 유효성분의 대량 분리와 세포 실험에 있어서 오차를 줄 일 수 있는 세포면역학적 실험의 도입 등이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.849-859
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• 2018

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection has been a public health concern worldwide. It is the leading cause of genital herpes and a contributing factor to cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. No vaccine is available yet for the treatment of HSV-2 infection, and routinely used synthetic nucleoside analogs have led to the emergence of drug resistance. The small molecule $Retro-2^{cycl}$ has been reported to be active against several pathogens by acting on intracellular vesicle transport, which also participates in the HSV-2 lifecycle. Here, we showed that Retro-2.1, which is an optimized, more potent derivative of $Retro-2^{cycl}$, could inhibit HSV-2 infection, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of $5.58{\mu}M$ and $6.35{\mu}M$ in cytopathic effect inhibition and plaque reduction assays, respectively. The cytotoxicity of Retro-2.1 was relatively low, with a 50% cytotoxicity concentration of $116.5{\mu}M$. We also preliminarily identified that Retro-2.1 exerted the antiviral effect against HSV-2 by a dual mechanism of action on virus entry and late stages of infection. Therefore, our study for the first time demonstrated Retro-2.1 as an effective antiviral agent against HSV-2 in vitro with targets distinct from those of nucleoside analogs.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 2019

Streptococcus dysgalactiae has two main subspecies: S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) and S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD). SDSE often colonizes and causes infections in humans; however, SDSD is an animal pathogen which often causes pyogenic infection in domestic animals. We present a case of meningitis with SDSD and herpes simplex virus in a 22-day-old newborn baby who had no exposure to animals.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.145.3-146
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.242.1-242
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.242-245
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• 1992

Two triterpenes 1 and 2 with antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro were isolated from Prunella vulgaris. Each compound caused a significant reduction in viral cytopathic effect when vero cells were exposed to them for 72 hours after viral challenge. They were identified as betulinic acid (1) and $2\alpha, 3\alpha$-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(2) on the basis of their spectroscopic properties. The antiviral activity of them was estimated as $EC_{50}=30\;\mu$g/ml(1) and $8\;\mu$g/ml(2), respectively by plaque reduction assay.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 2005

To examine whether HSV, VZV, H. pylori and Candida that are known to be microorganisms causing ulcerative disease in oral cavity and have the relatively high contigiousness are detected in saliva of patients with RAU and related to the development with RAU, PCR and culture were performed on the saliva of 29 patients with RAU and 29 control subjects who visited the Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Hospital, Chosun University. The results were obtained as follows; 1. HSV DNA was detected in 41.4% patients with RAU, and 55.2% control subjects, however, a significant difference between the two groups was not detected, (P>0.05), and VZV DNA was not detected in both groups. 2. H. pylori DNA was detected in 27.6% patients with RAU, and 48.3% control subjects, however, a significant difference between the two groups was not detected (P>0.05). 3. Candida was cultured in 13.8% patients with RAU, and 6.9% control subjects, however, a significant difference between the two groups was not detected (P>0.05). This results suggest that HSV, VZV, H. pylori and Candida can not be regarded to play a direct role in the development of RAU. Thus it is considered that in future, on a larger sample, also, it has to be examined whether other microorganisms acts as a trigger factor of the development of RAU.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.99-121
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• 2018

Objectives: Genital herpes is common disease in gynecological field. Although various treatment options such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion are used in genital herpes, there is not enough evidence about the treatment options. This study is to prove the efficacy of oriental medicine on genital herpes by investigating papers and suggest direction of future research. Method: We searched for papers which had both genital herpes and oriental medicine from Cochrane, Pubmed, Scopus, CNKI, Oasis, Korean traditional knowledge portal, Journal of Korean Obstetrics & Gynecology up to November 2017. After searching papers, we classified according to the study design and analyzed selected studies. Results: Sixteen papers were finally selected. Four papers are laboratory studies with Hartley guinea pig with recurrent genital herpes. Twelve papers are clinical trials which includes one single group trial, one controlled trial, ten randomized controlled trials. All of the studies have shown that herbal medicine is effective in improving the symptom of genital herpes and decreasing the recurrent rate of genital herpes and also has immunoregulatory effect. Conclusions: This study shows that herbal medicine could be a good treatment option for genital herpes. However, more well-designed clinical studies and laboratory studies will be needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.384-394
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• 2024

Background: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), known to latently infect the host's trigeminal ganglion, can lead to severe herpes encephalitis or asymptomatic infection, potentially contributing to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The virus generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that significantly impact viral replication and induce chronic inflammation through NF-κB activation. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an oxidative stress regulator, can prevent and treat HSV-1 infection by activating the passive defense response in the early stages of infection. Methods and results: Our study investigated the antiviral effects of ginsenoside Rg5, an Nrf2 activator, on HSV-1 replication and several host cell signaling pathways. We found that HSV-1 infection inhibited Nrf2 activity in host cells, induced ROS/NF-κB signaling, and triggered inflammatory cytokines. However, treatment with ginsenoside Rg5 inhibited ROS/NF-κB signaling and reduced inflammatory cytokines through NRF2 induction. Interestingly, the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 suppressed the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) and enhanced the expression of KEAP1 in HSV-1 infected cells. This led to the reversal of VP16 expression inhibition, a protein factor associated with HSV-1 infection, thereby promoting HSV-1 replication. Conclusion: These findings suggest for the first time that ginsenoside Rg5 may serve as an antiviral against HSV-1 infection and could be a novel therapeutic agent for HSV-1-induced neuroinflammation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2000

A comlementary call line CR2 is curretly used to propagte the Disabled Infectious Single Cycle Herpes Simplex Virus Typee2 (DISC HSV-2) on a small Iaboratory scale upto 15 L. These cultures are initiated by passaging the cells from roller bottle cultures. Whilst this is suitable for the laboratory scale it is totally impractical for use in seeding an industrial manufacturing scaled version of the culture. It is paramount to have a robust system for passaging cells from a small microcarrierier culture system to a larger one by a serial subculturing regime. Here we report on the successes we have had in our laboratory in scaling up out production system for the DISC HSV-2 from small 1-L cultures to a 50-L vessel with the maintenance of the viral productivity. Ease of use, reproducibility and the need to minimise overall production time were factors which were taken into consideration whils developing our procedures. We were aware of the need to keep a production train simple and as short as possible as this was the amall scale study for an envisaged manufacturing process.