• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.71-78
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• 2019

In this paper, we divided domestic and foreign digital cultural activation policies into four types. We also described projects of each policy and analyzed the limitations of the policy. Finally, we suggested solutions to overcome these limitations. Changes in daily life caused by the recent development of 5G network technology, augmented reality, and virtual reality technology have brought many changes in the way of preservation and utilization of cultural heritage. In particular, digital technology is used for digitization of cultural heritage, storing, and managing digital data, digitally restoring cultural heritage, and enabling time, space, multi-sensory experiences. For this purpose, new policies was required to utilize this. This study divides domestic and international digital heritage policies into digital infrastructure construction, sharing and communication platform construction, public relations, and demonstration contents production support policies. This study is meaningful in classifying the fields of digital heritage policy and introducing digital heritage policy trends. It is also meaningful to suggest ways to improve digital heritage policies through analysis of domestic and foreign cases.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.256-269
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• 2016

In September 2015, the United Nations (UN) has adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a goal of the international community to push forward from the year 2016 to 2030. Accordingly, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) has established a new chapter on sustainable development and intangible heritage the through revision of the Operational Directives for the Implementation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Although Sustainable development is a fundamental principle of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, it is believed that the Convention has not provided guidelines of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage for sustainable development. The Operational Directives provide States Parties with guidelines on the integration of sustainable development and safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage. Intangible Cultural Property Institution of South Korea was designed to preserve the traditional culture in the economic development process of the industrialization since the 1960s. The institution played a role of cultural support on the development of the modern concepts. Now South Korea should implement intangible cultural heritage policy combined with sustainable development while succeeding the efforts from the former development. This study examines the meaning of sustainable development and how it should be implemented in the intangible cultural heritage policy in South Korea. And this study suggests that the South Korea's intangible cultural heritage policy should foster sustainable development particularly along with social development and human development.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.210-220
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• 2001

UNESCO convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage(hereafter 'UCH')was adopted in the Fourth meeting of governmental experts on the draft Convention on the protection of UCH. Accordingly, Korea will prepare an appropriate policy for the protection of UCH. This article aims to give policy directions for the protection of UCH in Korea. Korea has some legislation relating to protection of cultural property. However, these legislation did not have effective schemes to protect UCH. Moreover, the Cultural Properties Administration which is a primary agency for protecting UCH has been ineffective in their effort for protecting UCH. To Protect UCH, I suggest establishment of law relating to protection of UCH, designation of competent authorities for protection of UCH in accordance to UNESCO Convention, and establishment of a long term national plan for protection of UCH.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.4-17
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• 2014

The more income and free time people have, the more interest in cultural heritage they get to improve the quality of life. In light of this, Local governments put more effort to create colorful events using their cultural heritage resources, and the central government also starts to implement policies to enhance the value of cultural heritage. To keep those efforts on utilizing cultural heritage, however, several issues seem to be addressed in advance. Firstly, it needs to define the concept of cultural heritage utilization that could cover its current policy trend. Secondly, the utilization methodology should be categorized and classified. Therefore, the study for those issues should be carried out to utilize the cultural heritage efficiently and systematically. This study contains the current status of the relevant policies and projects; the trend and meaning of the utilization. And, in this study, the cultural heritage utilization was defined as all activities producing positive effects or influences by cultural heritage such as enjoying cultural heritage values and creating additional profits. Furthermore, the cultural heritage utilization was categorized according to several criteria; the value, the objective, and the type of cultural heritage utilization. Finally, the final part of the study includes proposals on the future policy direction of cultural heritage utilization.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2018

This research focus on suggesting productive proposal for Culture heritage industry improvement plan. we survey various other countries' policy for culture heritage industry development. It is important to collect ideas from other countries' cases then expand and adapt to our country's industry. Detailed proposal for Cultural heritage is suggested, Such as, young Cultural helper to increase the cultural activity participation. Three factors are stated, first cultural man power creation, digitalizing cultural asset data, and cultural asset story making.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.154-165
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• 2015

Common issues in research and policy on cultural heritage can be extracted among Eurasian countries although countries in the region show different colors of policies and studies. Among them one thing peculiar to Central Asian countries is that in general they do not have well delineated laws and regulations on the protection of cultural heritage. It may be because they had no enough time and experience to legislate and implement relevant laws and regulations ever since they got independence. Research on cultural heritage in Central Asian countries is often made in cooperation with foreign institutions. As shown in archaeological excavation projects in Central Asian countries, cooperative projects exceed noncooperative ones in terms of size and longevity. UNESCO, through its projects on the Serial and Transboundary World Heritage Nomination of the Silk Roads in Central Asia, also supports countries in Central Asia and others along the Silk Road in order to facilitate inclusion of their cultural heritages in the Tentative List of the World Heritage. With regard to activities on the protection of cultural heritage, while respective countries in Central Asia have made good efforts, they could not produce effective outcomes due to short of budget and specialized manpower. They have rich resources of cultural and documentary heritage but their registered heritages on the UNESCO's World Heritage List and Memory of the World are under-represented because of short of technology and experience among other things. A new trend in cultural heritage studies that combined cultural heritage with tourism has merged in recent years. While some critics have raised some negative questions, this new fashion became popular and will continue with the support of governments of Silk Road countries. In conclusion, Korean institutions are further encouraged to organize cooperative networks for research and policy with respective Eurasian countries.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.22-43
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• 2016

State Ownership of Excavated Cultural Heritage System was originated from the legislations concerning cultural objects during the Japanese colonial period (1910~1945) and was succeeded by the present Buried Cultural Properties Act enacted in 2011. Despite the importance of the system that completes the outcomes of excavations and determines the state-owned cultural properties, the foundation of national heritage, it has been limitedly regarded as administrative area and neglected by the academic scholars or policy researchers. Recently the traditional culture has drawn increasing domestic interest and awareness that the cultural heritage contributes to building cultural identity and vitalizing tourism has led to increasing the demand of a local government's role in management of the state-designated cultural heritage and even fighting for hegemony in securing the cultural objects between the central and local governments. Despite the continuing efforts for improving the selection process of cultural heritage and its management institution, establishment of an advanced objective system has been requested. This paper is intended to suggest the policy direction through demonstrating the problem and assignment caused in the process of implementing the Buried Cultural Properties Act and reviews the State Ownership of Excavated Cultural Heritage System from the legal point of view accordingly. First, I suggest improving the selection process of the state-owned cultural properties. Even though current law states that Administrator of Cultural Heritage Administration reviews the research reports and selects the possible candidates for the state-owned cultural properties almost all the cultural objects listed on the reports are practically selected. In this regard, two possible resolutions can be made; newly establishing a separate process for selecting the state-owned cultural properties after publishing the report or adding the selection process of the state-owned cultural properties during the heritage selection meeting. Either way should contribute to strengthening the impartiality and objectivity of the policy. My second suggestion is improving the operating system of the heritage selection meeting in which the cultural properties to be listed on the reports are determined. Given the present extensive assessment criteria, there is much room for certain experts' subjective opinions. Therefore, in order to enhance the fairness and credibility of the heritage selection meeting, specifying the assessment criteria and advance review of the expert list are necessary. Third, this paper suggests increasing the local government's role in management of the state-owned cultural heritage and diversifying the heritage management institution. Development of a local self-governing system has led to the increased demand for delegating the authority of the state-owned heritage management to the local governments. Along with this, the gradual improvements of public museum management raises the need for expanding the cultural benefits through increasing the local government's role in management of the state-owned heritage. Considering the fact that overall majority of the art collections housed at national or public museums is owned by the central government, developing a variety of heritage contents and vitalizing the heritage tourism are crucial. The true meaning and value of the state-owned cultural heritage hidden at the storage of a museum can be found when they are shared together with the public.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.56-85
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• 2010

UNESCO World Heritage Programme was introduced following the adoption of Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972 in order to protect cultural and natural heritage with superb value for all mankind. Despite its short history of less than 40 years, it has been evaluated as one of the most successful of the cultural area projects of UNESCO with 890 world heritage registered worldwide. For systematic protection management of World Heritage, UNESCO, through systemization of registration, emphasis on the importance of preservation management plan, institutionalization of monitoring, and operation of World Heritage Fund, has utilized World Heritage Programme not just as a means of listing excellent cultural properties, but as a preservation planning tool, and accordingly, such policies have had a significant influence on the cultural heritage protection legislations of numerous nations. Korea has ratified World Heritage Convention in 1988, and with the registration of the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty in 2009, it has 9 World Heritage Sites. Twenty years have passed since Korea joined the World Heritage Programme. While World Heritage registration contributed to publicity of the uniqueness and excellence of Korean cultural properties and improvement of Korea's national culture status, it is now time to devise various legislative/systematic improvement means to reconsider the World Heritage registration strategy and establish a systematic preservation management system. While up until now, the Cultural Properties Protection Law has been amended to arrange for basic rules regarding registration and protection of World Heritage Sites, and some local governments have founded bodies exclusive for World Heritage Site management, a more fundamental and macroscopic plan for World Heritage policy improvement must be sought. Projects and programs in each area for reinforcement of World Heritage policy capacity such as: 1) Enactment of a special law for World Heritage Site preservation management; 2) enactment of ordinances for protection of World Heritage Sites per each local government; 3) reinforcement of policies and management functionality of Cultural Heritage Administration and local governments; 4) dramatic increase in the finances of World Heritage Site protection; 5) requirement to establish plan for World Heritage Site preservation protection; 6) increased support for utilization of World Heritage Sites; 7) substantiation and diversification of World Heritage registration; 8) sharing of information and experiences of World Heritage Sites management among local governments; 9) installation of World Heritage Sites integral archive; 10) revitalization of citizen cooperation and resident participation; 11) training specialized resources for World Heritage Sites protection; 12) revitalization of sustainable World Heritage Sites tourism, must be selected and promoted systematically. Regarding how World Heritage Programme should be domestically accepted and developed, the methods for systemization, scientific approach, and specialization of World Heritage policies were suggested per type. In the future, in-depth and specialized researches and studies should follow.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2017

The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Korea(MAFRA) has launched 'The Korea's Important Agricultural Heritage System(KIAHS)' in 2012 to conserve the regional heritages of agriculture and its significance. The effort has achieved in designation of seven KIAHS and two Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS). The policy environment has evolved a great deal since the launch of KIAHS. The study has evaluated the current policy condition of KIAHS and analyzed the shift on the KIAHS policy environment. The study has concluded the policy environmental changes as follows; insufficient Agricultural Heritage(AH) resource development, intensified interests in AH monitoring system, anticipated rural developments thru AH utilizations, under-budgeted AH conservation and management measures. The study has suggested the following based on the evaluation; establishment of AH Conservation and Management System as the conservation and management policy of AH, ease the designation standards for AH, obliged monitoring system for AH, developing AH brand, budget increase for AH conservation and management system. The suggest policy will successfully assist the further development and designation of AH. Farmers in AH area can maintain farm activities thru the conservation, management and utilization of AH, inheriting the important agricultural heritage for the future generation.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.184-205
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• 2021

Governance is valued as a new concept and principle of social operation and public policy management, and its influence is gradually expanding. Among the various governance theories being put into practice and in case analysis studies, collaborative governance embracing various governance concepts has been found to increase interdependence and responsibility beyond participation and compromise, and create new public values by integrating and utilizing optimal social coordination forms. In the field of cultural assets, governance-related research is also being conducted for the efficiency, sustainability, and scalability of public policy enforcement. This study explored the government's role (promotion, arbitration, and condition creation) in collaborative governance, focusing on the "Cultural Heritage Guardians" to understand how collaborative governance operates in the cultural heritage sector. Regarding governance policies in the cultural asset sector, the cultural asset guardians highlighted the status, role, and characteristics of policies by examining their introduction, development, and implementation. The results of the analysis revealed that private-led, horizontal public-private cooperation, collaborative governance, policy introduction, solidarity, professionalism, resource/knowledge imbalance, cooperation precedence, etc., facilitate increased participation. The government has accordingly proposed measures to establish comprehensive legal stability centered on cooperation; strategic reorganization of dedicated organizations; strengthened, supportive intermediate organizations; and individual and multi-party consultative bodies.