• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.312-317
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• 2014

전라북도 지역 논에서 발생되고 있는 저항성잡초와 문제 잡초의 발생 모니터링을 통하여 효율적인 논 잡초 방제기술을 확립하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 시험을 수행하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 전북지역 논에서의 잡초 발생 분포와 재배농가들이 선호하는 제초제 등을 설문조사한 결과, 우점초종은 피, 올방개, 올챙이고랭이, 물달개비 등이었으며 재배농가들이 선호하는 제초제는 초 중기처리 제초제(48.0%)>이앙전처리 제초제(36.7%)>경엽처리 제초제(15.3%) 순이었다. 논 토양조사에 의해 전북지역 제초제 저항성잡초 발생정도를 조사한 결과, 제초제 저항성잡초 발생면적은 총 재배면적의 18.4%인 24,413 ha 였으며 발생 초종은 4초종으로 올챙이고랭이(39.0%)>물달개비(27.8%)>강피(16.6%), 알방동사니(16.6%) 순으로 발생비율이 높았다. 이러한 정보를 이용하여 전북지역의 제초제 저항성잡초 발생을 예측하고 이에 맞는 제초제 저항성잡초 관리 방안을 수립할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.234-249
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• 1993

제초제(除草劑)는 현대(現代) 농업(農業)에서 필수적인 농자재(農資材)이나 생리활성(生理活性)을 갖기에 비목적대상생물(非目的對象生物)에 대한 위해성(危害性)을 배제(排除)할 수 없다. 제초제(除草劑)의 문제점(問題點)중 잔류문제(殘留問題)는 가장 중요한 부분이며 그중 인간생활(人間生活)과 밀접한 관계(關係)를 갖는 토양(土壤), 농작물(農作物)중의 잔류(殘留)는 더욱 중요하다. 토양(土壤)과 농작물(農作物)중 제초제(除草劑)의 잔류분해성(殘留分解性)은 토양(土壤), 기상(氣象), 제초제(除草劑)의 사용(使用) 및 작물재배(作物栽培) 등의 조건(條件)에 따라 현저히 변화(變化)되나, 현(現) 시점(時點)에서 토양(土壤) 중 제초제(除草劑)의 잔류(殘留)에 대한 문제점(問題點)은 후작물(後作物)에 대한 영향(影響)과 같은 국부(局部)적인 것을 제외(除外)하고는 거의 없으며 농작물(農作物)중 잔류(殘留) 또한 큰 문제(問題)가 없는 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 그러나 국민건강(國民健康), 토양생태계(土壤生態系)를 비롯 환경(環境)에 대한 더 높은 안정성(安定性) 확보(確保)를 위하여 제초제(除草劑)에 대한 모니터링실험과 같은 잔류성(殘留性) 조사(調査)가 더 많이 요구(要求)되며 사용자(使用者)는 안전사용기준(安全使用基準)을 준수(遵守)해야 하겠으며 제초제개발측면(除草劑開發側面)에서는 보다 저독성(低毒性) 약제(藥劑)를 개발(開發)하는데 최선(最善)을 다해야 하겠다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2007

Purpose: There have been relatively few reports of chlorophenoxy herbicide poisoning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the general characteristics and clinical aspects of the chlorophenoxy herbicide intoxicated patients in Korea. Methods: We prospectively evaluated the chlorophenoxy herbicide intoxicated patients visiting to the 38 emergency medical centers in Korea from the 1 August 2005 to the 31 July 2006. Results: 24 patients were enrolled during the study periods. Their mean age was 55.7 years old. The median amount of the chlorophenoxy herbicide intoxicated is 150 mL. The most frequent location where the patients obtained and took the chlorophenoxy herbicide was their home. Frequent compounds involving chlorophenoxy herbicide poisoning were dicamba(66.7%), MCPP(16.7%), and 2,4-D(12.5%). The most common symptom of the patients was confusion and vomiting. 16 patients(66.7%) intended to suicide. 3 patients out of 24 patients(13.0%) were died. Conclusion: There were 24 patients intoxicated by the chlorophenoxy herbicide during the study periods. The mortality rate was 13.0%. The suicidal attempts and the numbers of death involving chlorophenoxy herbicide were high in Korea.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of herbicide application method on Calysteria jcqoonica control and corn yield at the forage experimental field, grassland and forage crops division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1996 to 1997. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replication. The herbicide application consisted of control, 2~3 leaf stage(Dicamba), 5~6 leaf stage(Dicamba) and soil treatment (Pendimethalin). The hybrid of corn used in this experiment was P 3352. The results obtained are summarized as follow; 1. The plant height was the lowest at control and the highest at Dicamba treatment in 5~6 leaf stage, but no significant difference was found among herbicide application method at ear height. Tasseling and silking date were delayed 2~3 day at control. The length and weight of ear were highest at Dicamba treatment in 2~3 leaf stage. 2. The herbicide injury of corn was very slightly after 10-20 day, but corn was recovered soon. The weed control value was 94.2~67.5% at herbicide application plot. 3. The fresh and dry matter yield of Dicamba treatment in 2-3 leaf stage was highest as 42,878 and 16,033kg/ha, respectively. The application of Dicamba increased the DM yield of corn by 13~30%. 4. Herbicide application time had little effect on the ADF, NDF and CP contents, but the forage quality of ear was higher than that of stover. The result of this experiment indicate that the application of Dicamba in 2~6 leaf stage of corn will remove almost all of Calysreria jqonica and increase DM yield of com.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2013

우리나라에서 제초제 저항성작물의 개발과 저항성작물의 실용화 재배가 이루어질 경우를 대비하기 위하여 제초제 저항성작물 개발 및 잡초방제 연구현황을 분석하고 앞으로의 잡초방제 방향과 전망에 관하여 기술하였다. 제초제 저항성작물 개발은 작물에 대한 약해 없이 한 가지 제초제만을 사용해서 선택적으로 광범한 잡초방제 효과를 나타낼 수 있는 획기적인 잡초관리 기술의 하나이다. Glyphosate 저항성 형질전환 콩, 옥수수, 캐놀라, 면화에서 glyphosate 사용은 단순한 잡초방제법으로 저비용으로 편리하게 잡초를 관리할 수 있다. 한 작물에 glyphosate와 glufosinate에 모두 저항성인 이중저항성작물은 옥수수, 콩, 면화에서 개발되어 glyphosate 저항성잡초를 방제할 수 있었으며, 기존 제초제 기술의 영역을 확장할 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 glyphosate를 ALS 저해형 제초제, 합성옥신 제초제, HPPD 저해형 제초제 혹은 ACCase 저해형 제초제를 포함한 새로운 제초제 저항성작물 개발은 제초제 저항성잡초를 효과적으로 방제하기 위하여 가까운 장래에 개발되기를 기대한다. 또한 제초제 저항성작물만으로는 잡초문제를 해결할 수 없기 때문에 앞으로 다른 작용기작 제초제의 교호사용, 기계적, 경종적 방법을 통합한 종합적잡초관리 체계에 관한 연구가 요망된다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2015

본 실험은 ACCase 및 ALS 저해제들에 대한 저항성 강피와 sufonylurea (SU)계 제초제들에 대한 저항성 물달개비 및 올챙이고랭이가 동시에 우점한 논에서 이들 잡초들을 효과적으로 방제하는 방법을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 인공기상실 실험에서 저항성 강피 0.5엽기까지는 이앙 전에 사용하는 oxadiazon 12% 유제, pyrazolate 36% 액상수화제, pretilachlor 14% 유제 그리고 thiobencar 50% 유제들이 완전하게 방제하였다. Fentrazamide 1% 입제와 mefenacet 18% 액상수화제는 저항성 강피 2엽기까지, 그리고 triafamone 0.98% 액상수화제는 4엽기까지 효과적으로 방제되었다. SU계 제초제들에 대한 저항성 물달개비와 올채이고랭이는 HPPD 저해제들인 benzobicyclon, mesotrione 그리고 tefuryltrione 액상수화제들이 효과적이었다. 한편, 제초제 저항성 강피, 물달개비 그리고 올챙이고랭이가 동시적으로 우점한 논에서 이앙 전 처리제들 중에서 benzobicyclon + oxadiargyl 유제가 가장 효가 좋았다. 그리고 올챙이고랭이가 동시적으로 우점한 논에서 이앙 후 12일에 처리한 제초제들 중에서 matazosulfuron입제가 이앙 후 60일까지 가장 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2000

Transgenic cabbage (Brassica oleracea ssp. capitata) plants resistant to the commercial herbicide Bast $a^{R}$ were obtained by Agrobacterium tumefaciens - mediated transformation. Hypocotyl segments of in vitro grown plants were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 harboring plasmid pMOG6-Bar which contains hpt and bar genes. Explants were cultured on callus induction medium (MS basal medium + 1 mg/L NAA + 2 mg/L BA + 2 mg/L AgN $O_3$+ 100 mg/L carbenicillin + 250 mg/L cefotaxime) supplemented with 15 mg/L hygromycin. Hygromycin resistant calluses were transferred to shoot regeneration medium (MS basal medium + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 2 mg/L BA + 3% sucrose + 2 mg/L AgN $O_3$+ 15 mg/L hygromycin + 250 mg/L cefotaxime + 100 mg/L carbenicillin). In order to induce roots, elongated shoots were placed on the MS medium without plant growth regulators and hygromycin. Southern blot analysis of several putative transgenic plants indicated that one to five intact copies of Apt and bar genes were incorporated into the genome. Expression of bar gene was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and by herbicide resistant phenotype. Seed progeny from self-pollinated transformants expressed the herbicide resistance and showed Mendelian segregation of the introduced gene.e.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2002

Herbicide tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Ilpumbyeo) cell lines were selected from $\gamma$-ray-irradiated anther-derived cell cultures. The anther-derived cell clusters were small (300 to 400 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter) and uniform ones that were screened by miracloth filtering. The cell suspensions were very efficient to plate one layer onto agar medium and to screen target cell lines. Herbicide tolerant cell lines were selected by 5 mg/L cyhalofop butyl (CHB) treatment by using the small cell suspensions on agar N6 medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L kinetin. Of the cell lines, one line (CHB-1) showed stable tolerance at 10 mg/L concentration after 6-month culture without herbicide suspension. Growth stability of CHB-1 was similar to that of control cell line on 10 mg/L CHB containing medium. In this experiment we established herbicide tolerant cell line selection system by using anther-derived uniform-cell suspensions with $\gamma$-ray-irradiation.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.94-111
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• 1997

A relatively wide range of weed technology concerning sound herbicide development, its formulation exploitation, and application techniques was extensively reviewed in accordance with least inputted sustainable agriculture. Herbicide plays an integral part of farmers' cultural practices in Korean agriculture like rest of world over. Weeds are more obstacle to the adaptation of more sustainable agriculture system. Because weeds dictate most of the crop production practices, weed scientists must become the leaders of collaborative integrated approaches to agriculture systems research. Feasible ways to minimize herbicide input involve the positive introduction of low-rate selective chemistries, innovative formulations, biological herbicides and newly developed application technology. Since herbicide will remain to be a core position in weed management for the foreseeable future, research is needed to optimize herbicide application technology and to minimize their impact on the environment. Public concerns and regulatory pressures on agricultural chemicals are likely to strengthen throughout this decade and coming. Researchers, pesticide manufacturing industries and regulatory authorities have to work together more closely, leading to understand each other better, as well as the needs of our customers and those of society. To be taken extensively, weed control management practices in the future have to be accepted such a way the respective demands of environment, society and economics are entirely matched.

• 센서학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2011

A disposable electrochemical immunosensor system has been developed for the detection of herbicide in aqueous samples. Disposable screen printed carbon electrodes(SPCE) were used as basic electrodes and an enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and anti-herbicide antibodies was immobilised on to the working electrode of SPCE by using avidin-biotin coupling reactions. An herbicide-glucose oxidase conjugates have been used for the competitive immunoreaction with sample herbicides. The enzymatic reaction between the conjugated glucose oxidase and glucose added generates hydrogen peroxide, which was reduced by the peroxidase immobilised. The latter process caused an electrical current change, due to direct re-reduction of peroxidase by a direct electron transfer mechanism, which was measured to determine the herbicides in the sample. The optimal operational condition was found to be: $20\;{\mu}gl-1$ deglycosylated avidin loading to the working electrode and working potential +50 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The total assay time was 15 min after sample addition. The detection limits for herbicides, atrazine and simazine, were found to be 3 ppb and 10 ppb, respectively.