• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2011

Radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) has been characterized as a veno-occlusive disease with anicteric elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). However, some RILD patients present with elevated transaminase levels rather than with anicteric elevation of ALP, and these findings are common in the Asia-Pacific region where hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with 70~90% of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) cases. In addition, the development of RILD is more common in patients with hepatitis B virus-related HCC. These findings indicate that susceptibility to RILD might be different in HBV carriers and non-carriers, and moreover, RILD in patients with HBV-related HCC might be associated with another unique pathogenesis such as HBV reactivation. However, HBV reactivation after hepatic irradiation has been reported in only a few studies. This study reports three cases of HBV reactivation alter hepatic tomotherapy for management of HCC.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.191-203
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• 2022

Background: Direct-acting antivirals are recommended for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus in Korea. However, evaluation of direct-acting antiviral regimens in a real-world setting is limited. The aims of this study were to investigate the effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antiviral treatment in Korean patients infected with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b or 2 at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted with patient data obtained between August 2015 and August 2019 at Jeonbuk National University Hospital. The primary effectiveness endpoint was sustained virological response 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) via intention-to-treat (ITT) and modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analyses. Results: Of the 270 patients, 47.0% were infected with genotype 1b and 53.0% with genotype 2. ITT analysis revealed that SVR12 was achieved in 78.9% of all patients, 77.2% in genotype 1b patients, and 80.4% in genotype 2 patients. Of the 21.1% of all patients who did not achieve SVR12, the majority of treatment failures were non-virologic failures (19.7%). mITT analysis revealed that SVR12 was achieved in 98.2% of all patients, 98.0% in genotype 1b patients, and 98.3% in genotype 2 patients. Almost half of all patients experienced one or more adverse events (43.3%), leading to 2.6% discontinuing scheduled treatment. The most common adverse event was anemia. Conclusions: Direct-acting antiviral-based treatment regimens showed high effectiveness and safety. Non-virological factors, such as premature treatment discontinuation due to adverse events or loss of follow-up, were the major disruptors in achieving SVR12.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.340-346
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy and mechanism of the PAB (para-amino benzamidine) affinity column chromatography, Viresolve NFP virus filtration, pasteurization (60$\^{C}$ heat treatment for 10 h), and lyophilization steps employed in the manufacture of urokinase from human urine as regards the removal and/or inactivation of the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Samples from the relevant stages of the production process were spiked with HAV and subjected to scale-down processes mimicking the manufacture of urokinase Samples were collected at each step, immediately titrated using a 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID$\_$50/), and the virus reduction factors evaluated. PAB chromatography was found to be an effective step for removing HAV with a log reduction factor of 3.24. HAV infectivity was rarely detected in the urokinase fraction, while most of the HAV infectivity was recovered in the unbound and wash fractions. HAV was completely removed during the Viresolve NFP filtration with a log reduction factor of $\geq$ 4.60. Pasteurization was also found to be an effective step in inactivating HAV where the titers were reduced from an initial titer of 7.18 log$\_$10/ TCID$\_$50/ to undetectable levels within 10 h of treatment. The log reduction factor achieved during pasteurization was $\geq$ 4.76. Lyophilization revealed the lowest efficacy for inactivating HAV with a log reduction factor of 1.48. The cumulative log reduction factor was $\geq$ 14.08. Accordingly, these results indicate that the production process for urokinase exhibited a sufficient HAV reducing capacity to achieve a high margin of virus safety.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 1981

Serum HBsAg and Anti-HBs obtained by radioimmunoassay were studied in 109 cases of various liver diseases who visited or were admitted to National Medical Center from December, 1980 to July, 1981. The results were as follows; 1) HBsAg was detected in 67.0% of total 109 cases; 71.9% of 32 cases with acute viral hepatitis, 71.4% of 14 cases with chronic hepatitis, 65.2% of 46 cases with liver cirrhosis and 58.8% of 17 cases with hepatoma. 2) Anti-HBs was detected in 32.1% of total 109 cases; 37.0% of 46 cases with liver cirrhosis, 29.4% of 17 cases with hepatoma, 28.6% of 14 cases with chronic hepatitis, 28.1% of 32 cases with acute viral hepatitis. 3) HBsAg or Anti-HBs, the markers of Hepatitis B virus was detected in 89.0% of total 109 cases; 93.6% of 32 cases with acute viral hepatitis, 89.1% of 46 cases with liver cirrhosis, 85.7% of 14 cases with chronic hepatitis and 82.4% of 17 cases with hepatoma, which strongly suggested that the various liver diseases were associated with hepatitis B virus infection.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2002

Purpose: Chronic hepatic disease is caused by inappropriate management of the hepatitis B virus. In Korea. there is an increasing number of chronic hepatic patients. who are at risk of dying from liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore it is important to manage the hepatitis B virus appropriately. Method: The patients diagnosed with chronic hepatic disease or HBV carrier who registered at a community health center or hospital were assessed regarding health man agement status and educational needs. The data was collected from 179 persons by convenient sampling between May, 2000 and April. 2001. The data were was analyzed for general characteristics using the descriptive method, factors influencing educational needs and health management using t-test and ANOVA. Results: 1. The average health management score was 18.2 from 12 to 24 range. Those who unknown were unaware of the presence of HBsAg, attending the educational program and keeping undergoing treatment at the community health center or hospital were had a higher management score(p< .05). 2. The educational needs regarding nutritional management(64.8%) was the highest topic with chronic hepatitis patients. The second highest topic was spreading prevention among family members (52.0%), and keeping medication (45.8%), the degree of physical activities(44.1%), and spreading prevention in public(39.1%). Those who were unaware of the presence of HBsAg (p< .001), less than 12 months after HBsAg (+)(p< .05), keeping treatment (p< .05) were higher educational needs. 3. The use of alternative therapy was 27.9% of subjects. The subjects thought it was helpful for disease management(42.1%), mostly, family members and relatives recommended to use (57.9%), and medical regimen was ignored during the alternative therapy. Conclusion: Based on the results, an educational program about prevention of type B hepatitis and management for patients having type B hepatitis should be developed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2013

Children with abnormal liver function can often be seen in outpatient clinics or inpatients wards. Most of them have respiratory disease, or gastroenteritis by virus infection, accompanying fever. Occasionally, hepatitis by the viruses causing systemic infection may occur, and screening tests are required. In patients with jaundice, the tests for differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important. In the case of a child with hepatitis B virus infection vertically from a hepatitis B surface antigen positive mother, the importance of the recognition of immune clearance can't be overstressed, for the decision of time to begin treatment. Early diagnosis changes the fate of a child with Wilson disease. So, screening test for the disease should not be omitted. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is mainly discovered in obese children, is a new strong candidate triggering abnormal liver function. Muscular dystrophy is a representative disease mimicking liver dysfunction. Although muscular dystrophy is a progressive disorder, and early diagnosis can't change the fate of patients, it will be better to avoid parent's blame for delayed diagnosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.823-834
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• 2007

Interferon (IFN) alpha has been the first line therapy of chronic hepatitis B in children, but HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 26% of treated children compared to 11% of controls in multinational randomized controlled study. Recently, lamivudine was shown to be a potent inhibitor of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reproduction both in HBeAg positive and in HBeAg negative (the pre-core mutant form) chronic hepatitis in randomized studies worldwide. Lamivudine therapy led to considerable improvement in the seroconversion rate of HBeAg in children with chronic hepatitis B, though long-term therapy resulted in the expansion of lamivudine-resistant mutant viruses. Combination therapy with lamivudine plus alpha-IFN does not seem to improve HBe Ag seroconversion. Above all, the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B is universal HBV vaccination.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 1999

The core protein of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a multifunctional protein. The HCV core protein was reported to regulate cellular gene expression and transform primary rat embryo fibroblast cells. However, the role of the core protein in the pathogenesis of HCV-associated liver diseases is not well understood. To investigate the functional role of the core protein in cytophathogenicity, we have constructed stable expression systems of full length or truncated HCV core protein lacking the C-terminal hyderophobic domains and established HepG2 cell clones constitutively expressing the core protein. The full length core protein was localized in the cytoplasm and the C-terminal truncated core protein was localized in the nucleus. HepG2 cells expressing nuclear, truncated core protein showed elevated cell death during cultivation compared to untransfected cells and full length core-expressing cells. In the treatment with bleomycin, both cell clones expressing full length or truncated core protein appeared to be more sensitive to blemoycin than the parental HepG2 cells. These results suggest that the core protein may play a role in HCV pathogenesis promoting apoptotic cell death of infected cells.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.528-533
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• 2007

In a previous study we generated an anti-Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) preS1 humanized antibody (HzKR127) that showed in vivo HBV-neutralizing activity in chimpanzees. However, the antigen-binding affinity of the humanized antibody may not be sufficient for clinical use and thus affinity maturation is required for better therapeutic efficacy. In this study, phage display technique was employed to increase the affinity of HzKR127. All six amino acid residues (Glu95-Tyr96-Asp97-Glu98-Ala99-Tyr100) in the heavy (H) chain complementary-determining region 3 (HCDR3) of HzKR127 were randomized and phage-displayed single chain Fv (scFv) library was constructed. After three rounds of panning, 12 different clones exhibiting higher antigen-binding activity than the wild type ScFv were selected and their antigen-binding specificity for the preS1 confirmed. Subsequently, five ScFv clones were converted to whole IgG and subjected to affinity determination. The results showed that two clones (B3 and A19) exhibited an approximately 6 fold higher affinities than that of HzKR127. The affinity-matured humanized antibodies may be useful in anti-HBV immunotherapy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 1993

In order to understand the effect of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) on the economic performance of ducks, Three groups (DHBV congenitally infected, experimentally infected and DHBV negative) Brown Tsaiya ducks (Anas platyrhyncha) were used for experimental animals. Artificial insemination and pedigree hatching were applied in the propagation of ducklings, and the efficiency of vertical transmission and experimental infection was analyzed through the detection of DHBV DNA in the sera of 8-week-old offspring. The observation of the records of the first year indicated that the persistent infection had no significant effects on the performance of ducks, except the egg number of survival ducks up to 40 week of age. Thus DHBV infection did not appear to give ill effects to the economic performance of ducks in first laying year. A higher infection rate (85.3%) was obtained in congenital transmission than that (75.5%) of experimental infection. Both modes of infection did not reach 100% infectious rate, although some ducks developed transient viraemia in a tracing of DHBV DNA for 24 weeks to 11 challenged ducklings.