DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessing the Effectiveness and Safety of Direct-acting Antiviral Treatment in Korean Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b or 2 at a Tertiary Care Hospital

  • Park, Mi Seon (Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University) ;
  • Yang, Young-Mo (Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University) ;
  • Park, Ki Hyun (Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University) ;
  • Yoon, Hyonok (Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Ju Sin (Department of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University Hospital) ;
  • Choi, Eun Joo (Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University)
  • Received : 2022.08.12
  • Accepted : 2022.09.09
  • Published : 2022.09.30

Abstract

Background: Direct-acting antivirals are recommended for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus in Korea. However, evaluation of direct-acting antiviral regimens in a real-world setting is limited. The aims of this study were to investigate the effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antiviral treatment in Korean patients infected with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b or 2 at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted with patient data obtained between August 2015 and August 2019 at Jeonbuk National University Hospital. The primary effectiveness endpoint was sustained virological response 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) via intention-to-treat (ITT) and modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analyses. Results: Of the 270 patients, 47.0% were infected with genotype 1b and 53.0% with genotype 2. ITT analysis revealed that SVR12 was achieved in 78.9% of all patients, 77.2% in genotype 1b patients, and 80.4% in genotype 2 patients. Of the 21.1% of all patients who did not achieve SVR12, the majority of treatment failures were non-virologic failures (19.7%). mITT analysis revealed that SVR12 was achieved in 98.2% of all patients, 98.0% in genotype 1b patients, and 98.3% in genotype 2 patients. Almost half of all patients experienced one or more adverse events (43.3%), leading to 2.6% discontinuing scheduled treatment. The most common adverse event was anemia. Conclusions: Direct-acting antiviral-based treatment regimens showed high effectiveness and safety. Non-virological factors, such as premature treatment discontinuation due to adverse events or loss of follow-up, were the major disruptors in achieving SVR12.

Keywords

References

  1. World Health Organization. Hepatitis C (Newsroom/fact sheets). Available from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/. Accessed February 27, 2020.
  2. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the care and treatment of persons diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C infection - July 2018. Available from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550345. Accessed March 19, 2022.
  3. World Health Organization. Global hepatitis report, 2017. Available from http://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/global-hepatitisreport2017/en/. Accessed February 27, 2020.
  4. Jeong SH, Jang ES, Choi HY, Kim KA, Chung WK, Ki M. Current status of hepatitis C virus infection and countermeasures in South Korea. Epidemiol Health 2017;39:e2017017. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017017
  5. Ahmad T, Yin P, Saffitz J, et al. Cardiac dysfunction associated with a nucleotide polymerase inhibitor for treatment of hepatitis C. Hepatology 2015;62(2):409-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.27488
  6. Yang YM, Choi EJ. Efficacy and safety outcomes of sofosbuvirbased treatment regimens for hepatitis C virus-infected patients with or without cirrhosis from phase III clinical trials. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017;13:477-97. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S134818
  7. Ahmed AM, Doheim MF, Mattar OM, et al. Beclabuvir in combination with asunaprevir and daclatasvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2018;90(5):907-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24947
  8. Zeuzem S, Foster GR, Wang S, et al. Glecaprevir-Pibrentasvir for 8 or 12 weeks in HCV genotype 1 or 3 infection. N Engl J Med 2018;378(4):354-69. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1702417
  9. Bourliere M, Gordon SC, Flamm SL, et al. Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir for previously treated HCV Infection. N Engl J Med 2017;376(22):2134-46. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1613512
  10. Jacobson IM, Lawitz E, Gane EJ, et al. Efficacy of 8 weeks of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir in patients with chronic HCV Infection: 2 phase 3 randomized trials. Gastroenterology 2017;153(1):113-22. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.047
  11. Poordad F, Felizarta F, Asatryan A, et al. Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir for 12 weeks for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and prior direct-acting antiviral treatment. Hepatology 2017;66(2):389-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.29081
  12. Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL). KASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatitis C. Clin Mol Hepatol 2016;22(1):76-139. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2016.22.1.76
  13. Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL). 2017 KASL clinical practice guidelines management of hepatitis C: Treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Clin Mol Hepatol 2018;24(3):169-229. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2018.1004
  14. Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, et al. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 2001;33(2):464-70. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2001.22172
  15. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 2009;150(9):604-12. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006
  16. Yang Y, Wu FP, Wang WJ, et al. Real life efficacy and safety of direct-acting antiviral therapy for treatment of patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotypes 1, 2 and 3 in northwest China. World J Gastroenterol 2019;25(44):6551-60. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i44.6551
  17. Miotto N, Mendes LC, Zanaga LP, et al. All-oral direct antiviral treatment for hepatitis C chronic infection in a real-life cohort: The role of cirrhosis and comorbidities in treatment response. PLoS One 2018;13(7):e0199941. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199941
  18. Chen P, Ma A, Liu Q. Cost-effectiveness of elbasvir/grazoprevir versus daclatasvir plus asunaprevir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection in China. Clin Drug Investig 2018;38(11):1031-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40261-018-0702-9
  19. Cotter TG, Jensen DM. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: design, development, and place in therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019;13:2565-77. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S172512
  20. Gayam V, Hossain MR, Khalid M, et al. Real-world clinical efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C monoinfection compared to hepatitis C/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in a community care setting. Gut Liver 2018;12(6):694-703. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl18004
  21. Darvishian M, Wong S, Binka M, et al. Loss to follow-up: A significant barrier in the treatment cascade with direct-acting therapies. J Viral Hepat 2020;27(3):243-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13228
  22. Yamamoto H, Ikesue H, Ikemura M, et al. Evaluation of pharmaceutical intervention in direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infected patients in an ambulatory setting: a retrospective analysis. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2018;4(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-017-0097-4
  23. Levin JM, Dabirshahsahebi S, Bauer M, Huckins E. Retrospective analysis of hepatitis C infected patients treated through an integrated care model. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22(38):8558-67. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8558
  24. Costa VD, Pellegrini P, Rotman V, et al. Resistance mutations A30K and Y93N associated with treatment failure with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir for hepatitis C virus infection non-responder patients: case reports. Viruses 2019;11(11):1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111004
  25. Yu ML, Hung CH, Huang YH, et al. Efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of daclatasvir, asunaprevir plus ribavirin for HCV genotype-1b infection without NS5A resistance-associated substitutions. J Formos Med Assoc 2019;118(2):556-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2018.11.007
  26. Olea Jr. A, Grochowski J, Luetkemeyer AF, Robb V, Saberi P. Role of a clinical pharmacist as part of a multidisciplinary care team in the treatment of HCV in patients living with HIV/HCV coinfection. Integr Pharm Res Pract 2018;7:105-11. https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S169282
  27. Conti F, Buonfiglioli F, Scuteri A, et al. Early occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-related cirrhosis treated with direct-acting antivirals. J Hepatol 2016;65(4):727-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.06.015
  28. Ravi S, Axley P, Jones D, et al. Unusually high rates of hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment with direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C related cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2017;152(4):911-2. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.021
  29. Reig M, Marino Z, Perello C, et al. Unexpected high rate of early tumor recurrence in patients with HCV-related HCC undergoing interferon-free therapy. J Hepatol 2016;65(4):719-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.008
  30. Su F, Ioannou GN. Hepatocellular carcinoma risk after direct-acting antiviral therapy. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2019;13(1):6-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/cld.781