• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2006

To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of herbal-accupunture with Orostachys japhonicus A.Berger, infusion solution put into Kansu(BL18) of mouse induced by Colon26-L5 human colon cancer cells, which are corresponding to humanbody. We observed the change of body weight, surviving number, median surviving time, increase of life span, changes in amount of leukocyte, erythrocyte, platelet, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen and kidney, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of CD4+, CD8+, CD9+ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. In acute and sub-acute cytotoxicity experiment, significantly signs were not appeared in all groups. 2. Antimetastatic experiment in vitro and in vivo showed that Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger Herbal-acupuncture at Kansu(BL18) has antimetastatic effects. 3. The spleen cells proliferation of the experimental groups treated with Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger infusion solution extract has increased significantly compared with that of the control group. 4. As compared with control, the population of total T cell, helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell and macrophage were increased. 5. The production of Th 1 type cytokines from splenocyte and cytokines which is associated with anti-tumor activity form macrophage were increased significantly. Above the results revealed that herbal-accupunture with Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger infusion solution has effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 1995

Ninety Wistar male rats were used to study the effects of vitamin E and Se supplementation to diets containing aflatoxin $B_1$ on the contents of liver lipids and various blood parameters. Two levels of dietary aflatoxin (0 and 1 ppm), 3 levels of vitamin E (30, 60 and 120 IU/kg), and 3 levels of Se (0.1, 1 and 2 ppm) were used to design a $2{\times}3{\times}3$ factorial experiment. Rats, weighing about 200 g, were randomly allotted to 18 cages, 5 rats per cage. The aflatoxin significantly (p < .05) decreased growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency. Aflatoxin increased the glucose level and decreased the cholesterol level in blood significantly. Levels of blood triglyceride, total protein, and albumin were not affected by aflatoxin, vitamin E or Se. Activities of blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased by aflatoxin; however, the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the blood was decreased by aflatoxin even in the presence of Se. The vitamin E supplementation decreased the AST activity significantly, while GSH-Px activity increased significantly as the levels of dietary Se increased. The levels of total cholesterol and free cholesterol in the liver were significantly lower in rats receiving aflatoxin, while the extra vitamin E supplementation increased these hepatic cholesterol levels. It was concluded that the extra dietary vitamin E or Se supplementation might partially alleviate some of the harmful effects of aflatoxin in rats.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.200-218
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenchinggan-tang) on DMN-induced liver damage by applying proteomics. Materials and Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment and were divided into the normal group (normal saline), the control group (DMN) and the sample group (DMN+IJCGT). DMN was injected i.p. once a day three times a week for 3 weeks in the control group. Normal saline instead of DMN was administered to the normal group. In the sample group, Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenchinggan-tang) extract was orally administered once a day for 10 days after DMN was induced. The livers of each group were processed and analyzed by histology, Western blot, $Oxyblot^{TM}$, CBB and 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Results : In the histological findings of the liver, IJCGT reduced collagen deposition and liver damage in DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis. IJCGT increased MMP-13 protein production assessed by western blot. Protein oxidation induced by DMN treatment was decreased by IJCGT. In the 2-dimensional electrophoresis finding, the level of the increased proteins induced by DMN treatment such as GRP 75, 58kDa glucose regulated protein and heat shock 70kDa protein 5 were decreased by IJCGT. IJCGT was considered to have the protective effects on hepatotoxicity induced by DMN. In the 2-dimensional electrophoresis finding, the level of increased oxidized proteins such as heat shock 70 protein, mitochondrial malonyltransferase, calreticulin precursor, actin, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 11 were decreased by IJCGT. IJCGT was considered to have protective effect on the protein production induced by DMN treatment. Conclusion : Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenchinggan-tang) exerts an inhibitory effect against the fibrosis and protein oxidation induced by DMN treatment in the rat liver. IJCGT was considered to have protective effects on the hepatotoxicity and protein production induced by DMN treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.853-860
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of chromium (Cr), dietary crude protein (CP) level and potential interactions between these two factors on growth rate and carcass response, insulin activity and lipid metabolism in lambs. Forty-eight, 9-week-old weaned lambs (Dorper$\times$Small-tail Han sheep, mean initial body weight = $22.96kg{\pm}2.60kg$) were used in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of supplemental Cr (0 ppb, Cr0; 400 ppb, Cr1; or 800 ppb, Cr2 from chromium yeast) and CP levels (157 g/d to 171 g/d for each animal, LP; or 189 g/d to 209 g/d for each animal, HP). Growth data and blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the feed trial, after which the lambs were killed. Both Cr additive groups and the HP group increased final weight and average daily gain, especially the Cr1 and HP group (p<0.01). HP increased pelvic fat weight (p<0.05), fat thickness of the 10th rib (p<0.05), longissimus muscle area (p<0.01) and rate of deposition of intramuscular fat (p<0.01). Supplemental Cr decreased the rate of deposition of intramuscular fat (p<0.05). Fasting insulin level and the ratio of insulin to glucose were lower with Cr1 than other groups, but with no significant difference. Glucose concentration was not affected by any treatment. Nonesterified fatty acids increased in the Cr1 (p<0.05) and HP (p<0.05) conditions and there was a significant $Cr{\times}CP$ interaction (p<0.05). Cr1 decreased triglycerides (p<0.05) and total cholesterol (p = 0.151) and HP increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). Cr1 decreased lipoprotein lipase activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue (aLPL, p<0.05) and the ratio of aLPL to lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle (mLPL, p = 0.079). mLPL and hepatic lipase (hHL) were not affected by any treatment. In the present study, Cr had limited effects on growth rate and carcass response, whereas Cr and CP had some notable effects on plasma metabolites and enzyme activities. Cr has a potential effect on energy modulation between lipid and muscle tissue. In addition, few $Cr{\times}CP$ interactions were observed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.294-308
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• 2021

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Allomyrina dichotoma larva (ADL), one of the many edible insects recognized as future food resources, has a range of pharmacological activities. In a previous study, an ADL extract (ADLE) reduced the hepatic insulin resistance of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. On the other hand, the associated molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction remain unclear. This study examined the effects of ADLE on palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in a beta cell line of a rat origin, INS-1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: ADLE was administered to high-fat diet treated mice. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules was measured by Western blotting, and reactive oxidative stress generation and nitric oxide production were measured by DCH-DA fluorescence and a Griess assay, respectively. RESULTS: The administration of ADLE to HFD-induced diabetic mice reduced the hyperplasia, 4-hydroxynonenal levels, and the number of apoptotic cells while improving the insulin levels compared to the HFD group. Treatment of INS-1 cells with palmitate reduced insulin secretion, which was attenuated by the ADLE treatment. Furthermore, the ADLE treatment prevented palmitate-induced cell death in INS-1 cells and isolated islets by reducing the apoptotic signaling molecules, including cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. ADLE also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species generation, lipid accumulation, and nitrite production in palmitate-treated INS-1 cells while increasing the ATP levels. This effect corresponded to the decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein. CONCLUSIONS: ADLE helps prevent lipotoxic beta-cell death in INS-1 cells and HFD-diabetic mice, suggesting that ADLE can be used to prevent or treat beta-cell damage in glucose intolerance during the development of diabetes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1701-1707
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• 2005

This study deals with the characterization of porcine PIK3C3 and association tests with quantitative traits. PIK3C3 belongs to the class 3 PI3Ks that participate in the regulation of hepatic glucose output, glycogen synthase, and antilipolysis in typical insulin target cells such as those in the such as liver, muscle system, and fat. On the analysis of full-length mRNA sequence, the length of the PIK3C3 CDS was recorded as 2,664 bps. As well, nucleotide and amino acid identities between human and pig subjects were 92% and 99%, respectively. Five SNPs were detected over 5 exons. We performed genotyping by using a SNP C2604T on exon24 for 145 F$_2$ animals (from a cross between Korean native boars and Landrace sows) by PCR-RFLP analysis with Hpy8I used to investigate the relationship between growth and fat depot traits. In the total association analysis, which doesn' consider transmission disequilibrium, the SNP showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on body weight and carcass fat at 30 weeks of age as well as a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on back fat. In an additional sib-pair analysis, C allele still showed positive and significant effects (p<0.05) on back fat thickness and carcass fat. Moreover, the effects of C allele on the means of within-family components for carcass fat and back fat were estimated as 2.76 kg and 5.07 mm, respectively. As a result, the SNP of porcine PIK3C3 discovered in this study could be utilized as a possible genetic marker for the selection of pigs that possess low levels of back fat and carcass fat at the slaughter weight.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.686-695
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary choline supplementation on hepatic lipid metabolism and gene expression in finishing pigs with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Methods: Using a $2{\times}2$ factorial design, eight normal birth weight (NBW) and eight IUGR weaned pigs were fed either a basal diet (NBW pigs fed a basal diet, NC; IUGR pigs fed a basal diet, IC) or a diet supplemented with two times more choline than the basal diet (NBW pigs fed a high-choline diet, NH; IUGR pigs fed a high-choline diet, IH) until 200 d of age. Results: The results showed that the IUGR pigs had reduced body weight compared with the NBW pigs (p<0.05 from birth to d 120; p = 0.07 from d 120 to 200). Increased (p<0.05) free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels were observed in the IUGR pigs compared with the NBW pigs. Choline supplementation decreased (p<0.05) the levels of FFAs and triglycerides in the serum of the pigs. The activities of malate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were both increased (p<0.05) in the livers of the IUGR pigs. Choline supplementation decreased (p<0.05) malate dehydrogenase activity in the liver of the pigs. Gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was higher (p<0.05) in the IC group than in the other groups, and choline supplementation decreased (p<0.05) FAS and acetyl-CoA carboxylase ${\alpha}$ expression in the livers of the IUGR pigs. The expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) was lower (p<0.05) in the IC group than in the other groups, and choline supplementation increased (p<0.05) the expression of CPT1A in the liver of the IUGR pigs and decreased (p<0.01) the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase in both types of pigs. The gene expression of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) was higher (p<0.05) in the IC group than in the other groups, and choline supplementation significantly reduced (p<0.05) PEMT expression in the liver of the IUGR pigs. Conclusion: In conclusion, the lipid metabolism was abnormal in IUGR pigs, but the IUGR pigs consuming twice the normal level of choline had improved circulating lipid parameters, which could be related to the decreased activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating enzymes or the altered expressions of lipid metabolism-related genes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 자귀결명자추출혼합물 첨가사료의 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하효과를 확인하기 위하여 3주령된 SD계 수컷흰쥐를 실험군당 12마리씩 배치하여 10주 동안 동물실험을 수행하였다. 흰쥐용 사료(AIN-93G diet, 조지방 함량 7%)를 기본식이로 하여 돈지와 콜레스테롤을 각각 중량비로 7%, 1% 첨가하여 총지방함량이 15%가 되도록 고지방식이를 제조하였다. 흰쥐에게 실험 1기 (first phase) 5주 동안 고지방식이(high-fat diet)를 급여하여 고지혈증을 유발시켰다. 실험 2기(second phase)에는 고지방식이군을 대조군으로 하고, 자귀결명자추출혼합물 분말을 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10% 첨가군으로 하여 5주 동안 급여하였다. 자귀결명자추출혼합물 첨가사료(1.0, 2.5, 5.0%)는 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 배변량을 유의하게 증가시켰고, 체지방중 EFP 무게는 시료 첨가군(10%)에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈청 지질중 총콜레스테롤 농도는 시료첨가군(5.0, 10%)이 유의하게 낮았고, HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 시료 첨가군(1.0%)이 가장 높았다. 중성지방농도는 고지방식이 대조군에 비해 시료 첨가군(2.5% 5.0, 10%)에서 낮은 경향인 것으로 나타났다. 간조직의 효소활성에서 G6PDH 활성은 고지방식이 대조군보다 모든 시료 첨가군에서 유의하게 감소한(p<0.05), 반면 malic enzyme 활성은 고지방식이 대조군에 비하여 시료 첨가군(1.0, 10%)이 유의하게 감소하였다. 이 결과들을 종합해보면, 고지혈증 흰쥐에서의 자귀결명자추출혼합물 분말은 전반적인 지질대사 개선에 긍정적인 효과를 나타냄으로써 앞으로 고콜레스테롤혈증 예방 등의 혈관 순환기 계통 질병을 예방하기 위한 식품으로서의 활용이 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2003

본 연구는 에탄올을 급여하는 동안 일어나는 지질과산화에 의한 간 손상과 이에 대하여 $\beta$-carotene, retinyl acetate, 13-cis-retinoic acid의 효과를 비교ㆍ검토하고자 실시되었다. 혈 장내 MDA 함량은 에탄올 급여군 중 비타민 A를 결핍시킨 FE군과 $\beta$-carotene을 공급한 DE군에서는 감소되지 않았으나, retinyl acetate와 13-cis-retinoic acid 공급시킨 RE군과 RAE군에서 감소되었다. 간 미토콘드리아내 MDA함량은 에탄을 급여군 중 FE군과 $\beta$E군에서 높은 함량을 보인데 반해 RE군과 RAE군에서는 낮은 수준을 보였다. 에탄올 비급여군인 pair-fed군중에서는 비타민 A를 결핍시킨 FP 군에 비해 $\beta$-carotene과 retinyl acetate를 각각 공급한 5P와 RP군의 MDA 함량은 감소하였는데 반해 retinoic acid를 공급한 RAP군의 MPA 수준은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈장내 AP 활성도는 에탄올과 함께 $\beta$-carotene과 retinoic acid를 공급시킨 군에서 각각의 pair-fed군에 비하여 높은 활성도를 보였으며 간 마이크로솜내 G6P 활성도는 에탄올 급여군 중 비타민 A 결핍군만 pair-fed군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었으며 비타민 A를 보충시켰을 때에는 활성도가 증가되었다. 간 사이토졸내 SOD 활성도는 에탄을 급여와 함께 비타민 A를 결핍시킨 군에 비해 13-ciz-retinoic acid을 공급시킨 군이 가장 높았으며 Pair-fed 군 중에서는 retiny acetate 공급군에서 가장 낮은 높은 활성도를 보였다. 간 사이토졸내 GSH-Px 활성도는 에탄올 급여군과 pair-fed 군 사이에 일정한 경향은 없었으며 간 사이토졸네 GST 활성도는 에탄올 급여군 중 $\beta$-carotene과 retinyl acetate 공급군이 각각의 pair-fed군에 비해 증가되었다. 간조직내 $\beta$-carotene함량은 $\beta$-carotene, 공급군에서만 검출되었고 에탄을 급여군이 pair-fed군에 비해 6배정도 높은 함량을 보였으며 혈장과 간조직 내 retinol 함량은 에탄올 급여로 낮은 함량을 보였으나 비타민 A형태 중 retinyl acetate 공급군이 가장 높았다. 간조직 내 retinoic acid 함량은 에탄을 급여군 중 $\beta$-carotene과 retinyl acetate 공급군이 각각의 Pair-fed 군에 비해 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 상기 연구 결과를 보면 에탄올 급여로 지질과 산화물 함량이 증가되고 관련 항산화 효소계의 활성도 변화로 보아 간 손상에 지질과산화 반응이 관여된 것으로 보여 지며 에탄올의 영향에 대한 비타민 A의 효과에는 retiny1 acetate가 항산화제로 작용하여 간조직의 급격한 손상을 효율적으로 경감시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2003

STZ(50mg/kg BW)을 대퇴부 근육에 주사하여 당뇨를 유발시킨 당뇨 흰쥐(Sprague Dawley, 수컷)에서 10% 부추 첨가식이가 혈액과 적혈구, 간조직의 지질과산화 정도와 항산화 효소계 활성 및 GSH 수준에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험군은 정상군, 당뇨대조군, 당뇨부추군의 3군 (n=10)으로 나누었으며 4주간 사육한 후 실험에 이용하였다. STZ로 유발된 당뇨대조군의 적혈구, 간과 LDL의 TBARS와 conjugated dienes 함량은 대조군에 비해 증가하였으나, 당뇨부추군에서는 적혈구의 conjugated dienes 수준이 유의적으로 감소하였고(p<0.05), 간과 LDL의 TBARS 수준은 당뇨대조군에 비해 다소 감소하여 정상대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았다. 간에서의 항산화 효소계 중 SOD 활성은 대조군에 비해 당뇨대조군에서 증가하였고, catalase 활성은 당뇨대조군에 비해 부추를 섭취한 당뇨군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. GSH-px와 GSH-red 활성은 대조군에 비해 당뇨대조군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나(p<0.05), 당뇨부추군에서는 다소 증가하였다. 간의 GSH 함량은 대조군과 당뇨대조군에 비해 당뇨부추군에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 혈장의 GSH 함량은 대조군에 비해 당뇨군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다(p＜0.05). GOT와 GPT 활성은 정상대조군에 비해 당뇨대조군에서 급격히 증가하였으나 당뇨부추군에서는 정상군 수준으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 부추는 간의 항산화효소계를 활성화시키고 간조직의 GSH수준을 높게 유지하여 고혈당과 STZ로부터 유발된 산화적 스트레스(지질과산화)를 해소함으로써 당뇨로 인한 합병증 예방 및 치료를 위한 식품자원으로 활용이 가능한 것으로 사료된다.도 및 동맥경화지수를 낮추는 효과가 있고, HDL- 콜레스테롤 농도를 증가시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.각된다. 7) 발병부위는 대부분 막성유리연의 중간부 및 전방부 1/3에서 발생하였고 수술 결과는 저류낭종 82례 중 25례(30.5%)에서만 낭종의 파열 없이 완전제거가 가능하였으며 유표피낭종 30례 중에서는 21례(70.0%)에서 완전제거가 가능했던 것으로 나타나 저류낭종이 유표피낭종에 비해 낭종을 파열시키지 않고 완전히 제거하는 것이 더욱 어려움을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 저류낭종의 경우 낭종의 절제가 어려운 경우 수술방법으로 조대술(marsupialization)을 시행하는 것도 의미가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 8) 수술 전 후의 음성만족도를 비교한 조사 결과 조사가 가능했던 82례 중 49례(52.0%)에서 만족할 만한 결과를 보였다고 답하여 성대 폴립수술 후의 만족도와 유사한 결과를 보였다.14%, V. mimicus 10%, V. parahaemolyticus 4%, E. coli O157:H7 48%에서 증식되지 않았지만 S. typhimurium은 50%에서도 집락이 검출되었다. 젖산의 경우 V. vulnificus 2%, V. cholerae non-O1 3%, V. mimicus 4%, V. parahaemolyticus 3%, S. typhimurium 14%, E. coli O157:H7 17%에서 증식되지 않았다. 식초와 젖산은 낮은 농도에서 생선회 식중독 유발에 주 원인균이 되는 Vibrio 속의 생육을 억제하였고, S. typhimurium과 E. coli O157:H7의 생육은 비교적 약하게 나타났다.은 고농도로 갈수록 심한 영향을 미쳤으며 저 농도 에서도 폭로시간이 길어짐에 따라 나타나는 SO$_2$의영향이