• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.839-845
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• 1996

대추 메탄을 추출물이 사염화탄소에 의한 휜쥐의 간손상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 대조군, 대추메탄올 추출물 투여군, 사염화탄소 투여군 및 대추메탄올 추출물을 투여한 후 사염화탄소를 투여한 군으로 나눠, 2, 4주간 사육하여 혈청 중의 transaminase (GOT 및 GPT), 간 중의 lipid peroxide량, glutathione 함량, xanthine oxidase, SOD, catalase, GSH-Px 등의 활성도의 변화를 관찰하였다. 사염화탄소(50%, 1.0ml/kg) 투여군의 혈청 중 GOT및 GPT의 활성도, 간중TBA 반응성 산물량은 2, 4주에서 대조군에 비하여 현저히 증가되었으나, 대추 메탄올 추출물을 투여한 후 사염화탄소를 투여할 때 GOT의 경우 2, 4주에서, 간 중 TBA 반응성 산물량은 4주에서 사염화탄소 투여군에 비하여 유의성있는 감소효과를 보였다. 유리기 생성계 효소인 xanthine oxidase 활성도에서, 사염화탄소 투여군은 대조군에 비하여 현저한 증가를 보였으나, 대추 메탄올 추출물을 투여한 후 사염화탄소를 투여한 군에서는 감소되었다. 유리기 해독계 효소인 SOD, catalase 및 GSH-Px의 활성도도 사염화탄소 투여로 모두 증가되었으나, 대추 메탄올 추출물을 투여한 후 사염화탄소 투여로 SOD는 4주에서, GSH-Px는 2, 4주에서 대조군에 비하여 유의한 감소효과를 나타냈으며, catalase는 투여기간에 따라 감소는 되었으나 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 이상의 실험결과에서, 사염화탄소 투여로 혈청 및 간 중의 각종 효소 활성도 및 지질과산화물량이 증가되었는데 이는 사염화탄소가 간 중의 효소계 및 간세포의 microsome을 심하게 손상시켰음을 알 수 있으며, 대추 메탄올 추출물을 전처리하므로써 사염화탄소에 의하여 현저히 증가된 각종 효소활성도 및 지질과 산화물량이 감소되었는데, 이는 대추 메탄올 추출물이 간세포의 괴사와 효소의 유출을 저 해하고 간의 저항력 및 간기능을 유지시키므로써 간 보호작용을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.406-412
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• 2012

This study was performed to examine the hepatoprotective effect of isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (Compositae), against carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatic injury. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with vehicle or isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) 30 min before and 2 h after $CCl_4$ (20 ${\mu}l/kg$) injection. Serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic level of malondialdehyde were significantly higher after $CCl_4$ treatment, and these increases were attenuated by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside. $CCl_4$ markedly increased serum tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level, which was reduced by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and their mRNA expression levels were significantly increased after $CCl_4$ injection. The levels of HO-1 protein and mRNA expression levels were augmented by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, while isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside attenuated the increases in iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression levels. $CCl_4$ increased the level of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38, and isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside reduced these increases. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$), activating protein-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were significantly increased after $CCl_4$ administration. Isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside attenuated the increases of NF-${\kappa}B$ and c-Jun nuclear translocation, while it augmented the nuclear level of Nrf2. These results suggest that isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside ameliorates $CCl_4$-induced hepatic damage by enhancing the anti-oxidative defense system and reducing the inflammatory signaling pathways.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.928-932
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• 2001

노루궁뎅이 버섯의 간 손상 억제 작용을 확인하고자 B($\alpha$)P투여로 간 독성이 유발된 마우스에서 과산화지질의 생성, 항산화에 관련된 효소 및 물질의 변화를 살펴본 결과, B($\alpha$)P투여로 인해 혈청 ALT와 AST의 활성, 간조직 중의 과산화지질 함량, cytochrome P450 함량, SOD, catalase 그리고 GSH-Px의 활성이 유의적으로 증가하였고, GSH함량과 GST활성은 감소하였다. 반면 노루궁뎅이 버섯 메탄올 추출물의 전처리로 인해 ALT 와 AST의 활성, 과산화지질 함량, cyto-chrome P450 함량 그리고 항상화효소인 SOd, catalase 및 GSH-Px의 활성이 유의적으로 감소하였으며 GSH 함량과 GST 활성은 증가하였다. 그리고 마우스의 간 조직에서 cyto-chrome P450 1Al isozyme의 단백질 발현을 western blotting 으로 조사한 결과, B($\alpha$)P투여로 대조군에 비해 현저히 증가한 단백질 발현이 노루궁뎅이 버섯 메탄올 추출물을 투여함으로써 감소됨을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로 노루궁뎅이 버섯 메탄올 추출물은 생체 내에서 자유기로 인해 야기되는 간장의 산화적 손상을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.549-564
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between harmful free radicals and antioxidants. Long-term oxidative stress can lead to an "exhausted" status of antioxidant defense system triggering development of metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation. Green perilla (Perilla frutescens) is commonly used in Asian cuisines and traditional medicine in southeast Asia. Green perilla possesses numerous beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. To investigate the potentials of green perilla leaf extract (PE) on oxidative stress, we induced oxidative stress by high-fat diet (HFD) in aging mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6J male mice were fed HFD continuously for 53 weeks. Then, mice were divided into three groups for 12 weeks: a normal diet fed reference group (NDcon), high-fat diet fed group (HDcon), and high-fat diet PE treated group (HDPE, 400 mg/kg of body weight). Biochemical analyses of serum and liver tissues were performed to assess metabolic and inflammatory damage and oxidative status. Hepatic gene expression of oxidative stress and inflammation related enzymes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: PE improved hepatopathology. PE also improved the lipid profiles and antioxidant enzymes, including hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum and liver. Hepatic gene expressions of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory related enzymes, such as SOD-1, CAT, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) were significantly enhanced by PE. PE also reduced the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and liver; moreover, PE suppressed hepatic gene expression involved in pro-inflammatory response; Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). CONCLUSIONS: This research opens opportunities for further investigations of PE as a functional food and possible anti-aging agent due to its attenuative effects against oxidative stress, resulting from HFD and aging in the future.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.388-395
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 고지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐에 셀레늄 강화 시금치를 공급하여 간 조직의 항산화방어계와 지질과산화에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 실험동물은 체중 $150{\pm}10g$ 내외의 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷 흰쥐를 사용하였으며, 정상식이 대조군(N), 고지방 및 고콜레스테롤 공급군(HF), 고지방 및 고콜레스테롤 공급군에 무처리 시금치 5% 공급군(SPA) 및 10% 공급군(SPB), 고지방 및 고콜레스테롤 공급군에 셀레늄 강화 처리 시금치 5% 공급군(SSA) 및 10% 공급군(SSB)으로 총 6군으로 나누었다. 식이 및 식수는 자유섭취하게 하였으며 4주간 사육한 후희생시켰다. 간 조직 중의 항산화 효소계인 SOD 활성은 HF군에 비해 셀레늄 시금치 공급군 SSA 및 SSB군에서 각각 31.4% 및 36.9% 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이는 아니였다. GSH-px 활성은 또한 SSA 및 SSB군에서 각각 5.8% 및 12.2% 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았고, catalase 함량은 전체 군에서 유의적인 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 유리기를 소거하는 지표인 간 조직의 superoxide radical 함량은 microsome에서 정상군에 비해 HF군에서 86.7%의 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으나 10%의 셀레늄 강화 시금치를 공급한 SSB군에서는 HF군에 비해 54.8%로 유의적으로 감소하였다. 간 조직의 microsome에서의 산화단백질 함량은 정상군에 비해 HF 군에서 60.5%로 유의적으로 증가 되었으나 시금치의 공급으로 유의적으로 감소하였다. Mitochondria에서는 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 증가된 HF군의 carbonyl value 함량이 셀레늄 강화 시금치를 10% 공급한 SSB군에서 23.1%로 유의적으로 감소하였다. 과산화지질의 함량을 적혈구에서 관찰한 결과 정상군에 비해 HF 군에서 59.0%로 유의적으로 증가하였고 10% 무처리 시금치 공급군 및 10% 셀레늄 강화 공급군에서는 각각 유의적으로 감소하였다. 과산화지질의 함량을 간 조직에서 관찰 한 결과, 정상군에 비해 HF군에서 42.6%로 유의적으로 증가하였고, 또한 고지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이로 인해 증가된 과산화지질은 시금치를 공급한 모든 군에서 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. 특히 무처리 시금치 군에 비해 셀레늄 강화 시금치에서 유의적으로 더 높은 과산화지질이 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 시금치에 함유된 여러 항산화 성분이 효과적으로 활성산소종의 소거에 관여함으로써 산화적 손상을 완화시킨 결과로 보이며, 특히 시금치에 셀레늄의 처리는 항산화능의 상승효과에 기여했으리라 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effect of invasive laser acupuncture treatment at Liver Brook (LR2) acupoint and Liver Sea (LR8) acupoint on liver damage induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in rats Methods : Liver damage was induced by D-GalN. The experimental rats were divided into two groups (control group, Low Level Laser Treatment (LLLT) group). Control groups were classified into small groups. Intact group had no liver damage and no treatment. D-GalN group was induced liver damage induced by D-GalN and not treated. LLLT group were induced liver damage induced by D-GalN and then treated at the LR2 or LR8 acupoint with 532, 658, 904 nm invasive laser acupuncture. The treatment was carried out three days at a time for 15days at both acupoints. To examine mechanism of the effect of invasive laser acupuncture, we measured the contents of ASP, ALT, ALP, TBIL in serum, CBC in blood and SOD in liver tissue. Results : The change of body weight increased in all groups. That change was AST and ALP, the AST activity decreased significantly compared with the control groups and decreased by 532 nm and 904 nm both LLLT groups. But ALP increased at LR8 acupoint by 658 nm. TBIL level significantly decreased in all LLLT groups. The SOD of LLLT groups increased in the liver tissue of rats compared to the control groups. SOD activity indicated that LLLT can help cellular defense mechanism by preventing scavenging hydrogen peroxide. In the change of WBC, it was increased in D-GalN Control group compared to intact group and LLLT groups. Conclusions : These results suggested that invasive laser acupuncture treatment at LR2 or LR8 acupoint reduced activation of hepatic enzyme and damage of liver tissue. Thus, the effect of invasive laser acupuncture was nearly identical to the way of the traditional acupuncture for the treatment of hepatocytotoxicity.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.63-82
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• 2024

Objective : Saengkankunbi-tang (SKT) is used as a traditional Korean herbal formula for treatment of liver diseases. We investigated the hepatoprotective effects of SKT plus Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EKE) against arachidonic acid (AA) + iron-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-mediated acute liver damage in mice. Methods : The cyto-protective effects of SKT + EKE were determined by MTT assay, western blot and fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis. In mice, blood biochemistry and western blot were assessed in CCl₄-induced acute hepatic damage. The animal groups included vehicle-treated control, CCl₄, SKT (200 mg/kg/day), EKE (100 mg/kg/day), SKT (200 mg/kg/day) + EKE (100 mg/kg/day) and silymarin (200 mg/kg/day). Results : In HepG2 cells, pretreatment with SKT + EKE significantly suppressed cytotoxicity induced by AA + iron and reduced the expression of proteins related to apoptosis. In addition, pretreatment with SKT + EKE significantly prevented the increase in H₂O₂ production, GSH depletion, and lower mitochondrial membrane potential induced by AA + iron. In CCl₄-induced liver damage mice, the administration of SKT + EKE prevented the liver damage by inhibition of hepatocyte damage and expression of apoptosis proteins in liver. More importantly, in vitro and in vivo assay, SKT + EKE showed significant effect compare with SKT alone or EKE alone in all parameters. Conclusions : These results indicated that SKT + EKE could protect against oxidative stress-induced liver damage, and SKT + EKE is more effective than SKT alone or EKE alone.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.513-518
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• 2013

We investigated the protective effects of Gymnaster koraiensis against oxidative stress-induced hepatic cell damage. We used two different cytotoxicity models, i.e., the administration of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and acetaminophen, in HepG2 cells to evaluate the protective effects of G. koraiensis. The ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of G. koraiensis and its major compound, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (DCQA), exerted protective effects in the t-BHP-induced liver cytotoxicity model. The EA fraction and DCQA ameliorated t-BHP-induced reductions in GSH levels and exhibited free radical scavenging activity. The EA fraction and DCQA also significantly reduced t-BHP-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the hexane fraction of G. koraiensis and its major compound, gymnasterkoreayne B (GKB), exerted strong hepatoprotection in the acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity model. CYP 3A4 enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by the extract, hexane fraction, and GKB. The hexane fraction and GKB ameliorated acetaminophen-induced reductions in GSH levels and protected against cell death.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.620-627
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• 2011

We evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of crude hot-water extracts of the traditional Korean medicinal herb, Phellodendri Cortex (PC; Bark of Phellodendron amurense RUPR.), in an experimental model of hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$). The serum marker of liver damage, sGOT, sGPT and sALP, were significantly decreased in the liver of the PC treated rats, compared with that of $CCl_4$ treated group. The histological observation of liver section of rats, showed the same protective effect of PC treatment. And the protective activity of PC was more significant in the post-treated group than pre-treated group. The significant decrease of malodialdehyde and increase of glutathion, catalase activity were observed in the liver homogenate of PC treated rats. Based on these findings, it is suggested that PC has potent hepatoprotective effects and the mechanism of the protection may be related to antioxidation pathways.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2009

An extract of Allomyrina dichotoma larva (ADL), one of the insects used most frequently in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of liver diseases such as hepatocirrhosis and hepatofibrosis, was assessed for antioxidant bioactivity in this study. In the current work, we have investigated the protective effects of ADL extracts on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced hepatotoxicity in cultured hepa1c1c7 cells and in the mouse liver. The treatment of the hepa1c1c7 cells with ADL extracts induced a significant reduction of t-BHP-induced oxidative injuries, as determined by cell cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species contents, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ADL extracts evidenced a protective effect against t-BHPinduced oxidative DNA damage, as revealed by the results of the Comet assay in hepa1c1c7 cells. ADL extracts also protected against hydroxyl radical-induced 2-deoxy-d-ribose degradation by ferric ion-nitrilotriacetic acid and $H_2O_2$. In addition, ADL extracts were shown to be able to quench 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Our in vivo study revealed that ADL extracts pretreatment applied prior to t-BHP administration significantly prevented an increase in the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers and reduced LPO in the mouse liver in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that the protective effects of ADL extracts against t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity may be attributable, at least in part, to its ability to scavenge free oxygen radicals, and to protect against DNA damage due to oxidative stress.