• 셀메드
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.18.1-18.5
• /
• 2014

Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale, a folk medicinal plant is used by the ethnic people of North East India for the treatment of hepatic disorder. In this study, we have investigated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of L. asiatica leaves against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. Methanol extract of L. asiatica (150 and 300 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were administered to rats for three consecutive days followed by single acetaminophen (3000 mg/kg, p.o.) administration on $3^{rd}$ day. After 48 h of acetaminophen administration animals were sacrificed and biochemical estimation of serum, in vivo antioxidant activity using liver tissue were carried out. High levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in disease control group, which found near to normal in extract treated groups. Higher dose exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen induced toxicity. Level of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in liver tissue, and reduced glutathione in liver and blood were also significantly increased in extract (300 mg/kg) treated animals compare to disease control group. In this study we found that leaves of L. asiatica exhibited potent hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen induced hepatic damage in experimental animals which justify the folklore claim, and the possible mechanism of this activity may be due to strong antioxidant activities of extract.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.204-213
• /
• 2004

Extraction of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge by super critical carbon dioxide was operated under $40-50^{\circ}C$and 200-250 atm, thus, yield of extraction was very low as 4 wt%. Rats were administrated with the extract orally once a day for succesive 6 days, followed by treatment with carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) on the sixth day. The activities of aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase and contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol in the extract-pretreated rats were decreased compared to the $CCl_4$controled rats, whereas content of HDL-cholesterol was increased. Especially content of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and atherogenic index (AI) were decreased and HTR was increased in the extract-pretreated rats, and reduced peroxidative liver damage in the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity rats. In addition, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in the extract-pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the $CCl_4$ controled rats, but the content of glutathione was significantly increased. These results suggest that extract of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge has hepatoprotective effect in the $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 2000

Liver isolated from 18 hours fasted rats was subjected to $N_2$hypoxia (for 45 min) followed by reoxygenation (for 30 min). The perfusion medium used was Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4, $37^{\circ}C$). Vitamin C (0.5 mM) and trolox C (0.5 mM), soluble vitamin E analog, were added to perfusate. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total glutathione, oxidized glutathione, lipid peroxide and drug-metabolizing enzymes were measured. After hypoxia LDH significantly increased but this increase was attenuated by vitamin C and combination of vitamin C and E. Total glutathione and oxidized glutathione in perfusate markedly increased during hypoxia and this increase was inhibited by vitamins C, E and its combination. Similarly; oxidized glutathione and lipid peroxide in liver tissue increased after hypoxia and reoxygenation and this increase was inhibited by vitamin I and combination of vitamin C and E. Hepatic drug metabolizing function (phase I, II) were suppressed during hypoxia but improved during reoxygenation. While vitamins C and E only increased glucuronidation, the combination of vitamin C and E increased the oxidation, glucuronidation and sulfation. Our findings suggest that vitamins C and E synergistically ameliorates hepatocellular damage as indicated by abnormalities in drug metabolizing function during hypoxia/reoxygenation and that this protection is in major part, caused by decreased oxidative stress.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.595-607
• /
• 2008

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) extract in urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Methods : We examined change of body weight, histological, apoptosis, immunohistochemical and gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in lung tumors. Mice were divided into 3 groups: normal, saline, and experimental group administered SM extract after injection with urethane. Results : Histological observation showed shrunken alveoli in the control group, but recovered from damage in the SM extract administered group. The COX-2 positive materials were observed in the smooth muscle of terminal bronchiole and alveoli from the control group, but these positive materials decreased in the SM extract treatment group. The results of electron microscopical observation, dilated capillary and degenerated endothelia were observed in the control group. The apoptotic nuclei increased more in the control group compared with the normal and SM extract administered groups. Serial sections of the whole lung showed solid and papillary tumors. The size and number of tumors decreased in the SM groups compared with the control groups. Conclusions : These results suggest the possibility that SM may exert an anti-tumor effect on urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.251-263
• /
• 1996

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-axupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti. The author admininisterated aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su$(BL_8)$ and Ki-mun($LR_{14}$), and carried out hematological, serological examination and electromicroscopical obseration. WBC level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. ${\gamma}-GTP$ level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. GPT level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 96 hours as compared with the control group, but GOT level did not reeveal any statistical difference. At 24-hours group, the cell organelles of the hepatic cells are destructed. The cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are particulary dilated in the 24-hours control group compared with experimental group. At 48-hours group, the destructed cell organelles are recovered in the experimental group compared with control group. At 96-hours group, the cell organelles of hepatic cells are showing feture of normal group. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2002

To investigate an effect of cyclohexanone (CHO) treatment on the serum levels of xanthine oxidase (XO) in liver damaged animals, the rats were intraperitoneally pretreated with 50% carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in olive oil (0.1 mL/ 100 g body weight) 14 times every other day. To the $CCl_4$-pretreated rats, CHO (1.56 g/kg body weight) was injected once and then the animals were sacrificed at 4 hours after CHO treatment. The increasing rate of serum and liver XO activities to the control was higher in CHO-treated animals pretreated with $CCl_4$ than the $CCl_4$-pretreated those. Concomitantly CHO injection to the $CCl_4$-pretreated animals showed somewhat higher Vmax and lower Km value in the kinetics of liver XO enzyme. Furthermore, increasing rate of hepatic malonedialdehyde content to the control was also higher in CHO-treated animals pretreated with $CCl_4$ than $CCl_4$-pretreated those. On the other hand, the injection of CHO to the $CCl_4$-pretreated animals showed the more enhanced liver damage on the basis of liver function finding; liver weight per body weight (%), serum levels of alanine aminotransferase activity and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In conclusion, injection of CHO to the $CCl_4$-pretreated rats led to more increased activity of serum XO and it may be caused by acceleration of hepatocyte membrane permeability and induction of enzyme protein.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.99-102
• /
• 2001

Toluene is mainly metabolized in liver by oxidative pathway. Oxigen free radicals occur through the process of toluene metabolism Therefore it causes tissue and cell min by the oxygen free radicals from the metabolism of toluene. Melatonin acts as a highly efficient free radical scavenger that protects cells from damage by oxygen free radicals. To test this hypothesis, toluene hepatotoxicity was induced by an abdominal injection of toluene. To see if the melatonin protects the rat's liver, melatonin was administrated orally, at the time of each toluene injection. Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanin aminotransferase(ALT), latic dehydrogenase(LDH) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) levels in serum were measured to estimate hepatic function. Malondialdehyde(MDA), which gives an indirect index of oxidative injury was also measured. Hippuric acid is the last metabolic Production of toluene was measured by HPLC. There were significantly higher in AST, ALT, LDH, MDA and hippuric acid in toluene group, but there were no significant difference in melatonin group except ALT and hippuric acid. There was significantly lower in ALP level in toluene group, but there was no significant difference melatonin group, suggesting a significant hepatotoxicity due to oxygen free radicals through the process of toluene metabolism Melatonin treatment significantly protected hepatic function and free radical-mediated injury in the liver against toluene-induced changes. Accordingly, this study shows that melatonin is helpful in protecting liver injury by acute toluene intoxication.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.351-356
• /
• 2000

The hepatoprotective effects of bergenin and its derivative, acetylbergenin, were evaluated against D-galactosamine-induced liver damage in rats. Bergenin is a C-glucoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid that has been isolated from the cortex of Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). Acetylbergenin was synthesized from acetylation of bergenin to increase lipophilic and physiological activities. Bergenin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and acetylbergenin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were administered orally once daily for successive 5 days after the injection of galactosamine (400 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. The substantially elevated serum enzyme activities of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$ due to galactosamine treatment were dose-dependently restored towards normalization by post-treatment with bergenin and acetylbergenin. Bergenin and acetylbergenin also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde formation and depletion of reduced glutathione content induced by galactosamine in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the decreased activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were restored towards normalization. These results suggest that effects of bergenin and acetylbergenin may be related to complex mechanisms that involve prevention of lipid peroxidation and preservation of hepatic glutathione. The results of this study clearly indicate that bergenin and acetylbergenin have potent hepatotherapeutic action against galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, and lipophilic acetylbergenin is more active in the antihepatotoxic effects against galactosamine than much less lipophilic bergenin.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2016

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is still used in certain areas of tropics and subtropics to control malaria and other insect-transmitted diseases. DDT and its metabolites have been extensively studied for their toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals and humans and shown to have an endocrine disrupting potential affecting reproductive system although the effects may vary among animal species in correlation with exposure levels. Epidemiologic studies revealed either positive or negative associations between exposure to DDT and tumor development, but there has been no clear evidence that DDT causes cancer in humans. In experimental animals, tumor induction by DDT has been shown in the liver, lung, and adrenals. The mechanisms of hepatic tumor development by DDT have been studied in rats and mice. DDT is known as a non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogen and has been shown to induce microsomal enzymes through activation of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the rodent liver. The results from our previously conducted 4-week and 2-year feeding studies of p,p'-DDT in F344 rats indicate that DDT may induce hepatocellular eosinophilic foci as a result of oxidative DNA damage and leads them to hepatic neoplasia in combination with its mitogenic activity and inhibitory effect on GJIC. Oxidative stress could be a key factor in hepatocarcinogenesis by DDT.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 1987

These studies were attempted to investigate the preventive effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract administered concurrently with glutathione on the liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in rats. S-GOT and S-GPT activities of all the pre-treatment groups were significantly decreased, as compared with those of the control intoxicated by $CCl_4$. The concurrent administrations of Ganoderma lucidum extract with glutathione (100+100mg/kg, 200+100mg/kg, and 400+100mg/kg, respectively) were more effective than the individual administrations. i.e., Ganaderma lucidtcm extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg, respectively) and glutathione (100, 200 and 400mg/kg, respectively). On the determination of lipid-peroxidation in liver, the concurrent administrations of Ganoderma lucidum extract with glutathione (100+100mg/kg, and 200+100mg/kg, respectively) significantly reduced the liver TBA values. Although hepatic cellular necrosis and fatty acid deposit were remarkably increased by $CCl_4$ intoxication, the concurrent administration of Ganoderma lucidum extract with glutathione (200+100mg/kg) reduced the pathological changes of parenchymal cell necrosis and fatty changes around centrilobalar area of the control. These findings indicate that the concurrent administrations of Ganoderma lucidum extract with glutathione showed better improvements than the individual administrations of them in all pathological aspects, in particular, against hepatitis and hepatic necrosis due to the cellular necrosis and fatty infiltration.