• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1771-1777
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• 2012

The impact of anatomic resection (AR) as compared to non-anatomic resection (NAR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a factor for preventing intra-hepatic and local recurrence after the initial surgical procedure remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis of nonrandomized trials comparing anatomic resection with non-anatomic resection for HCC published from 1990 to 2010 in PubMed and Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Science Citation Index were therefore performed. Intra-hepatic recurrence, including early and late, and local recurrence were considered as primary outcomes. As secondary outcomes, 5 year survival and 5 year disease-free survival were considered. Pooled effects were calculated utilizing either fixed effects or random effects models. Eleven non-randomized studies including 1,576 patients were identified and analyzed, with 810 patients in the AR group and 766 in the NAR group. Patients in the AR group were characterized by lower prevalence of cirrhosis, more favorable hepatic function, and larger tumor size and higher prevalence of macrovascular invasion compared with patients in the NAR group. Anatomic resection significantly reduced the risks of local recurrence and achieved a better 5 years disease-free survival. Also, anatomic resection was marginally effective for decreasing the early intra-hepatic recurrence. However, it was not advantageous in preventing late intra-hepatic recurrence compared with non-anatomic resection. No differences were found between AR and NAR with respect to postoperative morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization. Anatomic resection can be recommended as superior to non-anatomic resection in terms of reducing the risks of local recurrence, early intra-hepatic recurrence and achieving a better 5 year disease-free survival in HCC patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.702-706
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• 2010

The clinical manifestation of Hepatic encephalopathy is personality change, vacant behavior, lethargy, flapping tremor, muscle twitching, noisy, abusive, violent, coma. The purpose of this clinical study was done to report the improvement of hepatic encephalopathy after oriental medical treatment (herb-med, acupuncture, moxibustion). We applied Ukieum-ja and Sopungsungi-won to patient who had liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. We examined the Change of CBC, LFT and Clinical Manifestation to evaluate the effectiveness of oriental medical treatment. We observed that oriental medical complex treatment decreased symtoms and improved general condition of a patient. So we report this clinical study to be helpful in treating patients of hepatic encephalopathy.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.39-56
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of lnjinchunggantang-derivative on acute and sub-acute hepatic fibrosis induced by $CCl_4$, and to compare the efficiency of lnjinchunggantang-derivative, Salviae Radix and Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma on acute and sub-acute hepatic fibrosis induced by $CCl_4$. Method : Western blotting for collagen type N, quantitative RT-PCR and gross & histological findings on liver tissue (Hematoxylin & Eosin stain, Reticulin stain, Masson-Trichrome stain) were studied. Results : In the study on collagen type N expression, lnjinchunggantangcderivative, Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma and Salviae Radix showed inhibitory effect in western blotting. In quantitative RT-PCR assay, lnjinchunggantang-derivative showed inhibitory effect on collagen type N expression in acute hepatic fibrosis model, whereas lnjinchunggantang-derivative, Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma and Salviae Radix showed inhibitory effect on collagen type N expression in sub-acute hepatic fibrosis model. In the gross findings of acute and sub-acute hepatic fibrosis models,lnjinchunggantang-derivative, Salviae Radix and Scirpi Tuber. Zeloariae Rhizoma showed inhibitory effect on hepatic fibrosis in the order. In the histological findings of acute and sub-acute hepatic fibrosis models in Hematoxylin & Eosin, Reticulin and Masson-Trichrome staining, the liver of $CCl_4$-only group showed atrophy and necrotic change with white nodules whereas that of $CCl_4$+ Injinchunggantang-derivative showed no significant histological change with well preservation of the tone of the tissue, and Scirpi Tuber. Zeloariae Rhizoma and Salviae Radix group showed minimal fibrotic changes. In the scoring system of the extent of the inhibition of the hepatic fibrosis, lnjinchunggantang-derivative group showed statistically significant inhibitory effect(p<0.05) whereas Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma and Salviae Radix group showed no statistically significant effect in the acute hepatic fibrosis model. In the sub-acute hepatic fibrosis model, lnjinchunggantang-derivative, Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma and Salviae Radix group showed statistically significant effect (p<0.01). Conclusion : These results show that lnjinchunggantang-derivative, Salviae Radix and Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma have inhibitory effect in the order on hepatic fibrosis induced by $CCl_4$ by suppressing the expression of collagen type N, ultimately preventing liver cirrhosis. To obtain more credible results in this experiment, developement of a new experimental model more similar to human hepatic fibrosis is still needed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2016

B형 간염 바이러스는 간경변증과 간세포암의 원인이 되는 간섬유화를 유발한다. 하지만 현재까지 그와 관련한 자세한 메커니즘은 밝혀지지 않았기에 본 연구에서 이를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험 결과, B형 간염 바이러스에서 발현되는 HBx 단백질에 의해 vimentin, fibronectin, slug, snail, NOX4가 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. NOX4에 의한 활성산소가 snail, slug 발현을 유도하고 섬유화 과정을 촉진할 수 있기 때문에 NOX4의 발현을 유도하는 HBx가 간섬유화를 조절, 유도하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2008

Chronic exposure to ethanol induces cumulative damage to the liver starting from fatty infiltration to cirrhosis depending on the dose and duration of exposure. The whole process leading to the development of alcoholic liver disease is very complex and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Among many experimental animal models, Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet provides moderate to severe pathophysiological outcome depending on the compositional changes. In the present study, we investigated the temporal changes in the early phase hepatic disease in rats fed with standard Lieber-DeCarli diet. Male Wistar rats were fed with Lieber-Decarli ethanol diet for 6 weeks and the liver samples were obtained after 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Mild fatty infiltration was observed in 2 weeks of feeding and it became evident in 4 and 6 week samples. The level of hepatic triglyceride showed a good agreement with the data obtained in the pathological analysis. Feeding mice with ethanol diet resulted in the maturation and translocation of SREBP-1 to nucleus in the liver. Western blot analysis of the pooled liver sample of control and ethanol fed animals showed a clear-cut time-dependent increase in the expression of nSREBP-1. These data provide important information for selecting proper time point in experimental intervention study in the field of drug development for alcoholic liver disease.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2010

Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the critical causative factors leading to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ALD is characterized by a wide spectrum of liver damage, ranging from simple uncomplicated liver steatosis (fatty liver) to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. It has been believed that the obvious underlying cause for ALD is due to hepatocyte death induced by alcohol itself. However, recent sparkling studies have shown that diverse immune responses contribute to ALD because liver is enriched with numerous immune cells. Especially, a line of evidence has suggested that innate immune cells such as Kupffer cells and natural killer (NK)/NKT cells are significantly involved in the pathogenesis of ALD via production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Indeed, more interestingly, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), known as a major cell inducing liver steatosis and fibrosis, can be killed by liver NK cells, which could be suppressed by chronic alcohol consumption. In this review, with the view of liver as predominant innate immune organ, we describe the pathogenesis of ALD in which what roles of innate immune cells are and how they are interacting with HSCs.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-92
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• 2013

Objectives : The objective of this study is to investigate various factors concerning Hwa-byung Methods : The research for various factors of Hwa-Byung was carried out for 686 female Participants. Hwa-Byung was diagnosed by Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule (HBDIS). Results : The rate of Past History about Chronic Bronchitis, Peptic Ulcer, Chronic Hepatitis/Hepatic Cirrhosis, Allergy, Arthritis, Hyperlipidemia is high in the Hwa-Byung group compared with the Control group. In the study of external environments, Hwa-Byung has tendency diagnosed in monthly income under 2,000,000 won, doing regular occupation, marriage, below graduation from high school. In the study of personal relationship, Hwa-Byung has tendency more influenced by negative influencing people than by positive influencing people. In the study of personal factors, Hwa-Byung has a short sleeping time, does not exercise regularly, feels more overburdened, and understimates their own condition to do easy tasks. Conclusions : According to the below results, in the study of Past History, the rate of Chronic Bronchitis, Peptic Ulcer, Chronic Hepatitis/Hepatic Cirrhosis, Allergy, Arthritis, and Hyperlipidemia is high in the Hwa-Byung group compared with the Control. Hwa-Byung has a tendency to be diagnosed by various factors such as the external environment, personal relationships, and personal factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4769-4775
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• 2015

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most prevalent cancer and thirdly leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The estimated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma is 15 to 20 times as high among persons infected with HCV as it is among those who are not infected, with most of the excess risk limited to those with advanced hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. Glypican3 (GPC3) plays a key role in relation to signaling with growth factors, regulating the proliferative activity of cancer cells. Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in the mammalian liver. GS was suggested as a specific marker for tracing cell lineage relationships during hepatocarcinogenesis. In normal liver, GS expression is seen in pericentral hepatocytes, but not by midzonal or periportal hepatocytes. In HCC, strong and diffuse GS expression in seen in tumor cells. Results: Glypican3 immunopositvity was highly specific and sensitive indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma as well as glutamine synthetase which was found to be a sensitive and specific indicator for development of hepatocellular carcinoma when compared to cirrhosis, liver cell dyspalsia and metastatic carcinomas. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between GPC3 and GS with tumor size (P=0.003, p=0.006, respectively). Diffuse staining significantly associated with large tumor size while, focal and mixed staining was detected more with small tumor size. Studying the relation with tumor grade also revealed significant association between diffuse GPC3 and GS staining with high tumor grade. Diffuse staining was detected in 91.7% and 100% respectively of poorly differentiated specimens and only in 33.3% and 22.2% of well differentiated specimens. Conclusions: While using GPC3 and GS to screen for premalignant hepatic lesions remains controversial, our data suggest that GPC3 and GS may be a reliable diagnostic immunomarkers to distinguish HCC from benign hepatocellular lesions. However, negative immunostaining should not exclude the diagnosis of HCC.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권52호
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• pp.335.1-335.17
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• 2018

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious infectious complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, information about prognosis of SBP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is limited. We investigated the clinical course of SBP in HCC patients. Methods: This study enrolled patients diagnosed with SBP between 2005 and 2017. Medical records of patients were reviewed and clinical course was compared between the non-HCC and HCC groups. Results: In total, 123 SBP cases including 49 HCC cases were enrolled. Men were predominant (48/74, 64.9% vs. 34/49, 69.4%; P = 0.697); median age was 58 years in both non-HCC and HCC groups (P = 0.887). The most common etiology was alcohol (32/74, 43.2%) in non-HCC group and hepatitis B (30/49, 61.2%) in HCC group (P = 0.009). Antibiotic resistance rate was higher in non-HCC than in HCC group (29.7% vs. 12.2%; P = 0.028); in-hospital mortality did not differ between the groups (25/74, 33.8% vs. 13/49, 26.5%; P = 0.431). Development rate of hepatorenal syndrome did not differ between non-HCC and HCC group (14/74, 18.9% vs. 10/49, 20.4%; P = 1.000), but hepatic encephalopathy was less common in HCC group (26/74, 35.2% vs. 9/49, 18.3%; P = 0.008). The most important predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with HCC was white blood cell count above $11,570cells/mm^3$ (odds ratio, 6.629; 95% confidence interval, 1.652-26.590; P = 0.008). Conclusion: Prognosis of SBP in HCC patients is relatively less severe. This result may be related with reduced antibiotics resistance and lower development rates of other complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Degree of systemic inflammation may be the most important factor for in-hospital mortality.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.365-377
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• 2022

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine-threonine kinase member of the cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which is involved in multiple biological functions by transcriptional and translational control. mTOR is a downstream mediator in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and plays a critical role in cell survival. In cancer, this pathway can be activated by membrane receptors, including the HER (or ErbB) family of growth factor receptors, the insulin-like growth factor receptor, and the estrogen receptor. In the present work, we congregated an electronic network of mTORC1 built on an assembly of data using natural language processing, consisting of 470 edges (activations/interactions and/or inhibitions) and 206 nodes representing genes/proteins, using the Cytoscape 3.6.0 editor and its plugins for analysis. The experimental design included the extraction of gene expression data related to five distinct types of cancers, namely, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, hepatic cirrhosis, cervical cancer, glioblastoma, and anaplastic thyroid cancer from Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) followed by pre-processing and normalization of the data using R & Bioconductor. ExprEssence plugin was used for network condensation to identify differentially expressed genes across the gene expression samples. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to find out the over-represented GO terms in the network. In addition, pathway enrichment and functional module analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were also conducted. Our results indicated NOTCH1, NOTCH3, FLCN, SOD1, SOD2, NF1, and TLR4 as upregulated proteins in different cancer types highlighting their role in cancer progression. The MCODE analysis identified gene clusters for each cancer type with MYC, PCNA, PARP1, IDH1, FGF10, PTEN, and CCND1 as hub genes with high connectivity. MYC for cervical cancer, IDH1 for hepatic cirrhosis, MGMT for glioblastoma and CCND1 for anaplastic thyroid cancer were identified as genes with prognostic importance using survival analysis.