• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.55-64
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• 2019

Stroke is a health problem experienced by many elderly people around the world. Stroke has a devastating effect on quality of life, causing death or disability. Hemiplegia is clearly an early sign of a stroke and can be detected through patterns of body balance and gait. The goal of this study was to determine various feature vectors of foot pressure and gait parameters of patients with stroke through the use of a wearable sensor and to compare the gait parameters with those of healthy elderly people. To monitor the participants at all times, we used a simple measuring device rather than a medical device. We measured gait data of 220 healthy people older than 65 years of age and of 63 elderly patients who had experienced stroke less than 6 months earlier. The center of pressure and the acceleration during standing and gait-related tasks were recorded by a wearable insole sensor worn by the participants. Both the average acceleration and the maximum acceleration were significantly higher in the healthy participants (p < .01) than in the patients with stroke. Thus gait parameters are helpful for determining whether they are patients with stroke or normal elderly people.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Anticipatory postural adjustments is an example of the ability of the central nervous system to predict the consequence of the mechanical effect of movement on posture and helps minimize a forth coming disturbance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sequence of activation of the trunk muscles during the performance of hip and shoulder movement and to determine the relationship between anticipatory activity and subjects' motor and functional status in subjects with hemiplegia post stroke. Twenty-four poststroke hemiparetic patients enrolled in this study. Electromyographic activity of the lumbar erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, and of the obliquus internus muscles was recorded bilaterally during flexion of both arm and from the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, and obliquus internus muscles during flexion of both hip. Onset latencies of trunk muscles were partially delayed in the subjects with hemiplegia post stroke (p<.05). With upper limb flexion, the onset of erector spinae muscle and latissimus dorsi muscle activity preceded the onset of deltoid on both side respectively (p<.05). A similar sequence of activation occurred with lower limb flexion. Also the onset of external oblique muscle and rectus abdominis muscle activity preceded the onset of rectus femoris muscle on both side (p<.05). Major impairments in the activity of trunk muscles in hemiparetic subjects were manifested in delayed onset between activation of pertinent muscular pairs. These problems were associated with motor and functional deficits and warrant specific consideration during physical rehabilitation of post stroke hemiparetic patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.332-338
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of postural control and locomotion on improvement of two point discrimination (TPD), stereognosis (ST) through somatosensory training (SST) on the upper limb (UL). Methods: The subjects were 20 hemiplegia patients who have problems with unilateral neglect after stroke. The patients were divided into two groups, the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). In the EG, SST for TPD, ST was performed 18 times, three times a week for six weeks, together with physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT). In the CG conventional PT and OT without SST was performed for six weeks. Several assessment tools were used in comparison of groups; two point discrimination test (TPDT) on forearm (F), thenar (T), hypothenar (TH), thumb tip (TH-T), index finger tip (IN-T), stereognosis test (ST), postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), and clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (CTSIB) and timed up and go test (TUG). Results: In the CG, conventional PT and OT resulted in statistically improved TPDT (F), ST, PASS, and TUG. In the EG, SST resulted in statistically improved TPDT (F, T, HT, TH-T, IN-T), ST, PASS, and TUG. TPDT-T, ST, and CTSIB with length of displacement with eye open (LDEO) also showed significant improvement between the groups. Conclusion: In both groups TPDT ST, PASS and TUG, and SST had effects on the UL and TPDT, ST and static postural control had greater effects compared with the PG. Therefore, we could assume that TPD and ST are very important in performing human activities including postural control and locomotion.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Background: To determine effects of mobilization with movements (MWM) application on stroke patient with hypomobility on sacroiliac joint. Methods: The subject was 47years old male who have left hemiplegia because of right intra-cerebral hemorrhage. The subject was have hypomobility on sacroiliac joint. MWM using during 4weeks and using Berg balance scale (BBS), Timed up and go (TUG), 10meter walking (10MW) test for evaluation. Results: The results of this study were summarized below; BBS score for evaluating balance ability was increased, and TUG time, 10MW test time was decrease. Conclusion: We consider that MWM application on stroke patient with hypomobility on sacroiliac joint is not only regain mobility on sacroiliac joint but also increase in balance ability and walking speed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

PURPOSE: Many patients with stroke have difficulties in walking with foot-drop. Various types of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) have been developed, but their weight needs to be reduced with the assistance of the ankle dorsiflexor. Therefore, an elastic AFO (E-AFO) was devised that not only improves the stability and flexibility of the ankle but also assists with ankle dorsiflexion while walking. This study examined the effects of an E-AFO, on the walking patterns of foot-drop patients with stroke. METHODS: Fourteen patients walked with and without an E-AFO, and the gait parameters were assessed using the GAITRite system. The spatiotemporal data on the gait patterns of stroke patients with foot-drop were compared using paired t-tests; the level of statistical significance was set to α<.05. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the velocity (p=.066) and affecte+d step length (p=.980), but the affected and less-affected stance (p=.022, p=.002) and swing time (p=.012, p=.005) were significantly different. The E-AFO produced a significant difference in the less-affected step length (p=.032). CONCLUSION: The E-AFO has a significant effect on the walking patterns of individuals with foot-drop and stroke. The E-AFO could be a useful assistive device for gait training in stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.84-90
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability of heart rate (HR) and velocity measurements during peak effort and free treadmill walking tests in older patients with gait-impaired chronic hemiparetic stroke and control group. Twenty-two adults (13 men, 9 women; mean age, $73.7{\pm}5.2$ yrs) with chronic hemiparetic stroke are the experimental group. Nineteen elderly people (5 men, 14 women; mean age, $72.3{\pm}3.5$ yrs) were recruited as control group. Patients had mild to moderate chronic hemiparetic gait deficits, making handrail support necessary during treadmill walking. Free and peak effort treadmill walking tests were measured and then repeated at least two days later. Reliability was calculated from HR and walking velocity during free and peak effort treadmill walking test. Among the people who had strokes, HR [ICC(2,1)=.85, r=.86] and velocity [ICC(2,1)=.93, r=.93] were good parameters during free testing. Maximal testing generated good results for HR [ICC(2,1)=.81, r=.82] and velocity [ICC(2,1)=.96, r=.96] with the chronic hemiparetic stroke. In elderly people, HR [ICC(2,1)=.59, r=.62] and velocity [ICC(2,1)=.77, r=.76] were moderately reliable during free testing. Maximal testing produced moderate parameters for HR [ICC(2,1)=.74, r=.74] and velocity [ICC(2,1)=.66, r=.66] in the elderly. This study provides that free and maximal treadmill testing produce highly reliable HR and velocity measurements in adults with chronic hemiplegia using minimal handrail support.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

Objective : To investigate the current international researches which identify the effect of stroke with hemiplegia after dual-task training Methods : We systematically examined journals published from 2007 to 2015, searching PubMed. Total 5 researches were selected for the analyses. Results : Selected studies were all in international journal and they used two group experimental design. In addition, all the paper got PEDro scores above 6. They conducted gait task for motor task, at the same time used various domain of cognitive task such as from sustain attention to working memory. The outcome measure tools used for evaluation by the standardized assessment tool and operational definition, further also included the assessment tool designed for the dual-task training such as a variety of tools make possible to assess various aspects of effect. Discussion : Dual-task training in this study was found to give a positive effect on the dual-task performance, as well as improving the motor and cognitive function in patients with stroke. However there were also limitation to the studies conducted so far. In order to apply the occupational therapy, this results can consider as the preliminary data which suggest supplement point and can be a evidence for effective treatment for stroke with hemiplegia.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

Tracking is an experimental paradigm that can be used to study information processing in continuous movements involving accurate, ongoing control of motor performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of knee tracking performance. Six patients with hemiplegia and six age-matched controls participated in the study. The tracking test was administrated. It was composed with regular ranges of $0^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$ and randomized range .2 to .4 Hz. Using the Mann-Whitney U test, a comparison was made between subjects who had suffered from stroke and subjects who were well coordinated. The Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed Ranks Test was used to compare and analyze the paretic and nonparetic sides of the stroke patients. The results of study were as follows: accuracy index of the tracking test was significantly higher on the control side than paretic and nonparetic sides. Accuracy index scores were significantly higher for nonparetic sides with stroke compared with paretic sides with stroke. This study shows tracking is impaired in paretic and nonparetic knee of subjects with stroke.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2014

Objective: This study aimed to identify how various applications of weight bearing on the affected side of hemiplegia patients affect the ability of balance keeping of the affected leg and the gait parameters. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Eighteen patients with hemiplegia participated in this study. There were twelve males and six females. This study investigated the effects of the single-leg stance exercise on dynamic balance, weight bearing, and gait ability compared with four conditions. Dynamic balance and weight bearing were measured using the step test (ST) of the affected side in stroke patients. In addition, gait parameters were measured using the optogait system for analysis of the spatial and temporal parameters of walking in stroke patients. Results: This study investigated the effect of the single leg stance exercise on the paralysis side. The ST showed significant findings for all conditions (p<0.05). Therefore, knee extension and flexion exercise on the affected side single-leg stance (condition 4) significantly improved dynamic balance and weight bearing on the affected side (p<0.05). In the condition of moving the knee joint in a single-leg stance was discovered that the stance phase time significantly increased more than in the condition of supporting the maximal voluntary weight on the affected side (p<0.05). Conclusions: Single-leg stance on the paralysis side with knee flexion and extension increased symmetry in weight bearing during stance phase time. This study suggests that single-leg stance exercises augments improved gait function through sufficient weight bearing in the stance phase of the affected side.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.298-304
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• 2016

Objective: : This clinical study reports on the effect of Sunghyangjungki-san-gami and Banhabaeckchulchunma-tang-gami on hemiplegia, dizziness, and hiccupping caused by pontine infarction.Methods: This study was performed on one patient with hemiplegia, dizziness, and hiccupping caused by pontine infarction. The patient was treated by Sunghyangjungki-san-gami and Banhabaeckchulchunma-tang-gami from 6 January to 2 March 2015. The National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), motor grade, and numerical rating scale (NRS) were used to assess the effectiveness of this treatment.Results: After treatment, the patient’s discomfort decreased significantly, and NIHSS, motor grade, and NRS scores were all improved.Conclusion: This clinical study suggests that traditional Korean medicine may be effective in treating hemiplegia, dizziness, and hiccupping caused by pontine infarction.