• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.533-540
• /
• 2022

We evaluated a worm-based extruded pellet diet with black soldier fly Hermetia illucens larvae (BSF) meal and BSF oil for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus through field feeding experiments at a commercial aquafarm. We prepared two experimental diets by replacing fish meal and fish oil with BSF meal and BSF oil (BEP-1, BSF meal 7%, BSF oil 1%) and (BEP-2, BSF oil 2%), respectively. We prepared raw-fish based moist pellets (MP) for comparison between the two experimental diets. We distributed the olive flounder (220±6.29 g) in square (10 m×10 m×1 m) concrete, 100 ton tanks at a density of 1,600 fish per tank (n=3) in triplicate for each dietary treatment. We fed the diets to the fish to apparent satiation for 7 months. At the end of the feeding trial, we found no substantial differences between the groups in terms of growth performance, survival, or feed utilization. None of the diet groups showed any changes in either hematological or non-specific immune responses. The histological observation of the intestine showed that the goblet cell number and cholecystokinin-producing cell activity increased in the fish fed the BEP diet compared with the those of the fish fed the MP diet. These results indicated that dietary BSF meal and oil can be used for olive flounder without compromising growth or, hematological and histological parameters.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2017

This study investigated physiological and hematological changes, expression of stress protein Hsp70 mRNA and oxygen consumption in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after exposing the fish at different temperature conditions (9, 12, 15, 18 and 21℃) for 24 and 48 hours. Hematological parameters including hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb), cortisol and glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), NH₃, osmolality and total protein (TP) mostly exhibited significant changes at 9 and 12℃. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA was also higher at 9 and 12℃ than at other temperatures. The measured oxygen consumptions were also lower at 9 and 12℃ than at 21℃. It is expected that the study results could be utilized as baseline data to control water temperature during long-distance transportation, e.g. for exporting olive flounder juveniles to overseas.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 2023

Background: Clinical spectrum of immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal gammopathy varies from IgM monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (IgM-MGUS) to hematological malignancies. We evaluated the clinical features, electrophysiological characteristics, and prognosis of patients with peripheral neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy (PN-IgM MG). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 25 patients with PN-IgM MG. Peripheral neuropathy was classified as axonal, demyelinating, or undetermined, based on electrophysiological studies. We classified the enrolled patients into the IgM-MGUS and malignancy groups, and compared the clinical and electrophysiological features between the groups. Results: Fifteen patients had IgM-MGUS and 10 had hematologic malignancies (Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: two and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: eight). In the electrophysiological evaluation, the nerve conduction study (NCS) criteria for demyelination were met in 86.7% of the IgM-MGUS group and 10.0% of the malignancy group. In particular, the distal latencies of the motor NCS in the IgM-MGUS group were significantly prolonged compared to those in the malignancy group (median, 9.1 ± 5.1 [IgM-MGUS], 4.2 ± 1.3 [malignancy], p = 0.003; ulnar, 5.4 ± 1.9 [IgM-MGUS], 2.9 ± 0.9 [malignancy], p = 0.001; fibular, 9.3 ± 5.1 [IgM-MGUS], 3.8 ± 0.3 [malignancy], p = 0.01; P-posterior tibial, 8.3 ± 5.4 [IgM-MGUS], 4.4 ± 1.0 [malignancy], p = 0.04). Overall treatment responses were significantly worse in the malignancy group than in the IgM-MGUS group (p = 0.004), and the modified Rankin Scale score at the last visit was higher in the malignancy group than in the IgM-MGUS group (2.0 ± 1.1 [IgM-MGUS], 4.2 ± 1.7 [malignancy], p = 0.001), although there was no significant difference at the initial assessment. Conclusions: The risk of hematological malignancy should be carefully assessed in patients with PN-IgM MG without electrophysiological demyelination features.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2009

This experiment was conducted to examine the utilization of added dietary selenium (Se) as an immune stimulant in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish averaging $4.0{\pm}0.1\;g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were fed one of seven semi-purified diets containing 0.56, 1.07, 2.86, 4.56, 43.15, 90.71, or 161.74 mg of Se/kg ($Se_{0.56}$, $Se_{1.07}$, $Se_{2.86}$, $Se_{4.56}$, $Se_{43.2}$, $Se_{90.7}$ and $Se_{161.7}$, respectively) for 12 weeks, respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish fed diets containing more than 43.2 mg of Se/kg showed above 90% mortality. There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed efficiency, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, or hematological characteristics among the fish fed the $Se_{0.56}$, $Se_{l.07}$, $Se_{2.86}$, and $Se_{4.56}$ diets. Se concentrations of the gill, kidney, muscle and liver tissues occurred in dose-dependent manners. Alternative complement pathway activation and the chemiluminescene responses of the fish fed the $Se_{1.07}$ diet were significantly higher than those of the fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). These results indicate that the optimum dietary supplementation level of Selenium as selenoyeast could be 1.07 mg of Se/kg based on the non-specific immune responses of juvenile oilve flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2017

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety to determine the therapeutic responses of oclacitinib in canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) and identified factors related to the therapeutic response. Overall, 13 dogs with CAD were treated with oclacitinib for 56 days. Owners and veterinarians assessed visual analog scale (VAS) scores of pruritus and dermatitis. The examined dogs were grouped according to treatment success and failure based on changes in the VAS scores. To identify factors related to the therapeutic responses of oclacitinib, signalments (breed, sex, age, and body weight), mean progression time of CAD, mean Owner and Veterinarian VAS scores at day 0, and preexisting infection rate were compared between the two groups. Among the 13 dogs, 7 (53.8%) met the criteria of treatment success. In the success group, the Owner VAS scores were significantly lower from day 6 to 56 compared with the score at day 0 (P < 0.05). Additionally, the Veterinarian VAS scores were significantly decreased at days 14 and 42 compared with the score at day 0 (P < 0.05). There were no changes in hematological indices after the administration of oclacitinib. The most common abnormality reported was otitis externa (30.8%), followed by pyoderma (23.1%), and vomiting (7.7%). Factors related to responses of oclacitinib were not identified. This study demonstrated that oclacitinib was safe and moderately effective in dogs with CAD. This is the first report of the clinical application of oclacitinib in South Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.414-420
• /
• 2011

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of the combined stressor induced by high stocking density with feed restriction on immunological parameters such as leukocyte differential counts and cytokine expression in laying hens. A total of forty White Leghorn laying hens were randomly allotted into the control (12 kg of body weight/$m^2$) and the stress (44 kg of body weight/$m^2$) groups, and then birds of the stress group were given 75% of voluntary intake of the control birds for 12-d on a daily basis. There was a significant decrease in body weight without affecting the relative weights of the liver and spleen after 12-d of the combined stressor. In hematological values, no significant difference in leukocyte differential counts including heterophils (H), lymphocytes (L), monocytes and H:L ratio was observed between the two groups. In cytokines, hepatic lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (LITNF-${\alpha}$) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels in the stress group were significantly (p<0.05) higher compared with those in the control group. However, the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 in the liver were not affected by the combined stressor. Splenic LITNF-${\alpha}$ expression in the combined stressor group was significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated compared with that in the control birds. However, the combined stressor did not affect splenic IL-4, IL-6 and iNOS expression. In conclusion, the combined stressor caused by high stocking density with feed restriction enhanced some pro-inflammatory cytokines including LITNF-${\alpha}$ and iNOS in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs of birds, suggesting that altered cytokine expression to given stressors can be another parameter that can be used in assessing stress responses of birds.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2018

We tried to determine the optimum salinity for a cultured of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by investigating after exposing the fish at different salinity (10, 15, 20 and 25 psu) for 24 and 48 hours compared with control group (fish before transfer to experimental tank). As a control groups, we compared an analyzed with other experimental groups using olive flounder in natural sea water. Hematological parameters including hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb), cortisol and glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), $NH_3$, osmolality, total protein (TP), $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ mostly exhibited significant changes at 10 and 15 psu groups compared with control groups for 24 and 48 hours exposed. Plasma SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) activity also increased with experimental groups (10 and 15 psu) compared to the control groups. The expression of HSP70 mRNA was also higher at low-salinity (10 and 15 psu) than at control group. In particular, after 24 hours exposed, it expression to 15 psu groups showed a significant difference compared to the control group. However, after 48 hours exposed, it expression was higher in the 10 psu groups than the control. It is assumed that the changes in the hematological responses and hormone, homeostasis and metabolism were resulted in to protect fish body from stress. Based on these results, we are expected that it will be used as basic data for the culture of olive flounder prepared for low salinity.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2002

Effects of medicinal herb extract on nonspecific immune responses, hematology and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were evaluated. Wormwood, Artemisia asiatica NAKAI and barrenwort, Epimedium koreanum NAKAI were mixed at a ratio of 7 : 3 (w/w) for 2-herbs extract and wormwood, barrenwort, Korean forsythia, Forsythia koreana NAKAI, chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum KITAMURA, peppermint, Mentha arvensis L. var, piperascens MALINV., great burnet, Snaguisorba afficinalis L., Lizard tail. Saururus chinensis BAILL., mulberry, Morus alba L., and star anise, Illicium varum HOOK, f, at the same weight for 9-herbs extract. Two-herbs of 9-herbs extract were prepared by heating after adding 10㎖ of distilled water per g of the herb mixtures. Fish (10.3$\pm$2.5g) were fed the experimental diets supplemented with the 2-herbs or 9-herbs extract at the different concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% per kg diet for 12 weeks. Lysozyme and bactericidal activities of serum, and hematological characteristics were examined during experimental period. After feeding test period, all experimental groups were challenged with E. tarda. Lysozyme activity from the fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% or 0.5% of 2-herbs extract was significantly higher than the control. But there was no difference both in bactericidal activity and hematology among each group. Sixty seven % of relative percent survival values (RPS) in the group fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% of 2-herbs was higher than the other group and the control. These results suggest that supplenmentation of 0.1% of 2-herbs extract to a commercial diet may enhance disease resistance in olive flounder. Although both 0.1% and 0.5% 9-herbs extract did not improve non-specific immune reponses, they could enhance disease resistance of 53% RPS, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.128-132
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been commonly used for the treatment of intracranial germ cell tumors (IC-GCTs). However, this treatment exhibits some adverse effects such as renal problems and hearing difficulty. Carboplatin-based chemotherapy was administered to pediatric patients with IC-GCTs from August 2004 at the Samsung Medical Center. In this study, we assessed the responses and adverse effects of carboplatin-based chemotherapy in pediatric IC-GCTs patients according to the risk group, and compared the results with those of the previous cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Methods: We examined 35 patients (27 men and 8 women) diagnosed with IC-GCTs between August 2004 and April 2008 and received risk-adapted carboplatin-based chemotherapy at the Samsung Medical Center. Patients were divided into either low-risk (LR) or high-risk (HR) groups and a retrospective analysis was performed using information from the medical records. Results: Although hematological complications were common, hearing difficulties or grade 3 or 4 creatinine level elevation were not observed in patients who underwent carboplatin-based chemotherapy. The frequency of febrile neutropenia did not differ between the risk groups. The overall survival was 100% and event-free survival (EFS) was 95.7%. The EFS rate was 100% in the LR group and 90% in the HR group, respectively. Conclusion: Despite their common occurrence in high-risk patients, no lethal hematological complications were associated with carboplatin-based treatment. The current carboplatin-based chemotherapy protocol is safe and effective for the treatment of pediatric patients with IC-GCTs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.153-159
• /
• 2017

We examined changes in the physiological responses of gray mullet Mugil cephalus exposed to acidic seawater (pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0) and normal seawater (pH 8.0, control) for 15 days. As pH decreased, survival rate and body weight also decreased. Levels of aminotransferase, total protein and triglycerides also differed significantly with changes in pH, presumably due to stress caused by exposure to acidic water. The level of osmotic pressure was significantly higher in the pH 6.0 group than in other groups. Superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in the pH 6.5 and 7.0 groups than in the pH 8.0 group, and glutathione level was lowest in the pH 6.0 group. We conclude that decreasing the pH level of seawater induces a stress response in fish, damaging their ability to control their hematological and osmotic pressure. Antioxidant enzymes are generally sensitive to osmotic stress; in this study, antioxidant activity significantly changed with pH level. These results indicate that physiological stress induced by exposure to acidification reduces survival rates and inhibits growth in M. cephalus.