• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

Central Cancer Registry of Korean National Cancer Center in 1999 reported that mortality from lung cancer is higher than mortality from stomach cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma in Korean male. Lung cancer is classified into small cell cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and NSCLC patients account for $70\%$ of the whole lung cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel and cisplatin combination in Korean patients with NSCLC. All patients who had received the combination therapy of docetaxel and cisplatin for histologically confirmed NSCLC in Ajou University Hospital between 2000. $2\~2001$. 4 were retrospectively evaluated for the responses and toxicities of that combination therapy. Nineteen patients were treated with docetaxel 75 $mg/m^2$ on Day 1 and cisplatin 25 $mg/m^2$ on Day 1-3 every 4 weeks. The response for combination regimen was evaluated by CT scans after 2 or 3 cycles of treatments. Seventeen patients were evaluated for the responses and the 19 patients far the toxicities. Among the 19 patients (14 men and 5 women), there were one patient $(5.3\%)$ with stage I disease, 4 patients $(21.1\%)$ with stage III disease, and 14 patients $(73.1\%)$ with stage IV disease. Of the 17 patients who were evaluable for response, complete response (CR) was not observed in any patient while partial response (PR) was observed in 5 patients $(29.4\%)$. The overall response rate (CR+PR) was $29.4\%$. Stable disease (SD) was observed in 11 patients $(64.7\%)$ and progressive disease (PD) in 1 patient $(5.9\%)$. The toxicities were graded by NCI (National Cancer Institute) Common Toxicity Criteria for the evaluable 70 cycles. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in 53 cycles $(76\%)$. Four patients were hospitalized due to febrile neutropenia. The combination chemotherapy of docetaxel and cisplatin was effective as NSCLC treatments, however, the regimen must be administered carefully due to its hematological side effects.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.441-449
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• 2022

In this study, we investigate the physiological response of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and Japanese croaker, Nibea japonica, on a series of rising water temperatures (WT). At 1, 9, and 17 days, WT increased from 23℃ (control) to 26, 29 and 32℃ within 6 hours, respectively, and then maintained for 96 hours. At 5, 13, and 21 days, WT decreased from each WT to 23℃ within 6 hours and was maintained at 23℃ for 96 hours. Blood were collected at 0, 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, and 60 days. In both species, hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin of stressed groups were lower than non-stressed group at 13 days. The osmolality of stressed group was lower than non-stressed group at 21 and 60 days. In olive flounder, hemoglobin of stressed groups was lower than non-stressed group at 21 and 60 days, respectively, but osmolality of stressed group was higher than non-stressed group at 9 days. In Japanese croaker, hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin of stressed groups were higher than non-stressed group at 21 and 60 days, respectively, and osmolality of stressed group was higher than that of non-stressed group at 1 day. At 1, 17, and 21 days, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of stressed group were higher than non-stressed group in olive flounder. In Japanese croaker, AST and ALT of stressed group was lower than non-stressed group at 17, 21, and 60 days. The cortisol of olive flounder increased with increasing WT, but those of Japanese croaker increased with decreasing WT. In both species, the glucose increased with increasing WT. After changing WT, lactic acid of olive flounder and Japanese croaker were not significantly different. The physiological response of olive flounder increased directly to the increase in WT, and Japanese croaker contrasted with olive flounder.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2002

Silkworm diseases are major constraint in silk cocoon production. Among silkworm diseases, white muscar-dine is highly contagious and most common in winter and rainy seasons. It is suggested that hemocytes involve in defense against invasion of Beauveria bassi-ana and systemic fungicide/chemicals prevent the proliferation of fungi in the hemolymph or preventing the growth of the fungi in the body cavity through enhancing the hemocyte mediated defense response. In the present study the influence of systemic fungicide on hematological changes in silkworms infected with Beauveria bassiana was reported. It is observed that the total hemocyte counts increased in the hemolymph up to 5 days post inoculation in systemic fungicide treated batches while in the inoculated control the increase was up to 3 days indicating the positive hemocyte mediated response in silkworm treated with systemic fungicide. After 2 days in the inoculated control as the multiplication and growth of mycelia increased, defense capacity of the silkworm was decreased. The biochemical changes were also observed in the hemolymph of silkworm infected with B. bassiana. In silkworm infected with Beauveria bassi-ana, the total protein content increased whereas total carbohydrate and total lipids decreased as the infection progresses. In the case of systemic fungicide treated batches the increase in total protein content was comparatively higher and decrease in total carbohydrate and lipids were comparatively lower than the inoculated control.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.33-41
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• 1998

Chlorpyrifos, o,o diethyl-o-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, is a broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide. The use of chlorpyrifos has been increased more and more as pesticide. But the effects of chlorpyrifos on the immune alterations has not been yet observed. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chlorpyrifos on the immune alterations in CICA male mice. Chlorpyrifos was administered to mice by a single intraperitoneal injection for the purpose of observing acute effects. On the one hand to get the information on immunopathologic alterations we observed hematological values, counted total circulating leukocytes and assessed the ratio of lymphocytes and neutrophils from the peripheral blood, measured the ratio of organ/body weight and counted splenic cellularity in CBA male mice which treated chlorpyrifos intraperitoneally. But we could not find any significant immunopathologic alterations statistically by a single intraperitoneal injection. Also, the exposure of chlorpyrifos caused no significant change in the number of PFC/10$^6$ spleen cells at any three given doses. On the other hand a singte intraperitoneal injection of chlorpyrifos decreased the lymphocyte proliferation response slightly to ConA or LPS stimulation at a dose of 6 mg/kg b.w. Administrations of chlorpyrifos reduced mixed leukocyte response(MLR). MLR was decreased moderately at doses of 3mg/kg b.w. and 6mg/kg b.w. Therefore, all these findings suggest that chlorpyrifos may alter the immune functions acutely. especially by the changes of T lymphocyte activity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6627-6632
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• 2015

Background: We conducted a study exploring the clinical safety and efficacy of decitabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), combined with a complex karyotype. Materials and Methods: From April 2009 to September 2013, a total of 35 patients with AML/MDS combined with a complex karyotype diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included for retrospective analysis. All patients were treated with decitabine alone ($20mg/m^2$ daily for 5 days) or combination AAG chemotherapy (Acla 20mg qod*4d, Ara-C $10mg/m^2$ q12h*7d, G-CSF $300{\mu}g$ qd, the dose of G-CSF adjusted to the amount in blood routinely). Results: In 35 patients, 15 exhibited a complete response (CR), and 6 a partial response (PR), the overall response rate (CR+PR) being 60% (21 of 35). Median disease-free survival was 18 months and overall survival was 14 months. In the 15 MDS patients with a complex karyotype, the CR rate was 53.3% (8 of 15); in 20 AML patients with complex karyotype, the overall response rate was 65% (13 of 20). The response rate of decitabine alone (22 cases) was 56.5% (13 of 22), while in the combination chemotherapy group (13 cases), the effective rate was 61.5% (8 of 13)(P>0.05). There are 15 patients with chromosome 7 aberration, after treatment with decitabine, 7 CR, 3 PR, overall response rate was 66.7% (10 of 15). Of 18 patients with 3 to 5 kinds of chromosomal abnormalities, 66.7% demonstrated a response; of 17 with more than 5 chromosomal abnormalities, 52.9% had a response. In the total of 35 patients, with one course (23 patients) and ${\geq}$two courses (12 patients), the overall response rate was 40.9% and 92.3% (P<0.05). Grade III to IV hematological toxicity was observed in 27 cases (75%). Grade III to IV infections were clinically documented in 7 (20%). Grades I to II non-hematological toxicity were infections (18 patients), haematuria (2 patients), and bleeding (3 patients). With follow-up until September 2013, 7 patients were surviving, 18 had died and 10 were lost to follow-up. In the 6 cases who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) all were still relapse-free survivors. Conclusions: Decitabine alone or combination with AAG can improve outcome of AML/MDS with a complex karyotype, there being no significant difference decitabine in inducing remission rates in patients with different karyotype. Increasing the number of courses can improve efficiency. This approach with fewer treatment side effects in patients with a better tolerance should be employed in order to create an improved subsequent chance for HSCT.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 2014

Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the effects of acupuncture and herbal external preparation on wound healing procedure in a deep partial thickness burn model in rats. Methods A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four groups with an equal number in each group: acupuncture treatment group, herbal external perparation group, Silver sulfadiazine dressing group and control group. We describe the effect of acupuncture and herbal external preparation on morphologic and histologic changes, epithelial growth factor (EGF), hematological value of the deep partial thickness burn wound in rats. Results At 21th day after wounding the wound size in acupuncture treat group and herbal external preparation group were decreased more significantly compared to control group. In addition, epidermal regeneration on acupuncture treatment was than other treatment and control group in histological finding. Hematological findings revealed that acupuncture treatment group and herbal external prepartion group was more effective than control group in reducing inflammation response induced by burn. In acupuncture treated group, neutrophil and leukocyte level were significantly decreased compared to other treatment group. Also, this study showed that EGF was obviously expressed in nascent tissue when wounds were treated with the acupuncture and herbal external preparation after injury. In particular, acupuncture treatment group had a significant increase of EGF expression in burn wound healing area when compared with the other treatment groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that acupuncture and herbal external prepration may improve burn wound healing through decreasing inflammatory reaction, increasing tissue regeneration and expression of EGF. Moreover, acupuncture treatment could be more effective in comparison with Silver sulfadiazine dressing.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.166-172
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• 2019

Heart rate is a relatively simple and non-invasive method that is used as an important physiological indicator in many studies and has a close relationship with heart structure and function, cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death. In general, appropriately low heart rate during resting means effective heart function and cardiovascular fitness; heart rate at recovery is an important indicator of health and disease condition. We found a beagle dog (Dog_1) with a high heart rate in the previous preliminary experiment. Therefore, purpose of this study was to compare the heart rate response of the Dog_1 with the control group during 12 weeks of interval exercise, to evaluate the structural and functional abnormalities of the heart and to verify the applicability of exercise program. Heart rate was checked during 12 weeks of interval exercise, and after the exercise was over, imaging examination and hematological and serum biochemistry were performed. As a result, Dog_1 (165.6 ± 1.5) showed significantly higher heart rate in low intensity session of interval exercise than control group (133.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.01). In addition, Dog_1 (181.2 ± 1.4) showed significantly higher heart rate than control group (155.1 ± 0.9) in high intensity session (p < 0.01). The heart rate (30 sec, 60 sec) during recovery state was higher in Dog_1 (30 sec: 156.8 ± 4.0, 60 sec: 166.8 ± 5.8) than in the control group (30 sec: 111.2 ± 2.5, 60 sec: 104.0 ± 5.1, p < 0.01). The results of the imaging examination of Dog_1 with high heart rate confirmed that the heart had no functional and structural abnormalities. All beagles with the interval exercise program did not show maladjustment, and in the hematological and serum biochemistry results, all the parameter were within the reference range. If the interval exercise program of this study is used in the future, it is expected to be used as an important basic data to achieve the purpose of health, welfare, and physical fitness improvement of dogs.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

To assess the effect of anaesthetic on stress response in cultured sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis) during transportation, the levels of plasma cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-$, osmolality and survival were determined. The transportation was performed in square boxes where liquefied oxygen was saturated in polyethylene bags. Fish transportation was carried by car for 2 hours after anaesthesis with lidocaine-HCl/1,000 ppm $NaHCO_3$ in experiment. Mean plasma cortisol concentration before transportation was 170.7ng/ml. After transportation, the levels of plasma cortisol increased to 518.5ng/ml (Control), 461.9ng/ml (Sham control), 369.4ng/ml (20ppm anaesthetic), 304.0ng/ml (40 ppm anaesthetic), 405.7ng/ml (80 ppm anaesthetic) and 499.1ng/ml (160ppm anaesthetic) in each experimental groups, respectively (p<0.05). However levels of glucose, lactic acid, $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ and osmolality in 40ppm anaesthetic group did not show significant differences in this before and after transportation (P>0.05). These result reveal an anaesthetic lidocaine HCl/1,000ppm $NaHCO_3$ is effective as sedative for transportation mixture in this species. This research provides baseline data on cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-$, osmolality and survival for anaesthetic transportation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2002

The effects of ionizing radiation on the peripheral blood elements of ICR mouse were examined after varying doses of whole-body gamma-irradiation. ICR mice (n=50) were exposed to 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy gamma-ray ($^{60}Co$) at 10 Gy/min. The animals were studied for their hematological response on days, 3, 7, 14, 21, 42 and 56 post irradiation. No significant change was noted in erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit values after irradiation with dose of 2 Gy. Decreasing erythrocyte, hemglobin and hematocrit values occured after irradiation with doses of more than 4 Gy on day 7 after irradiation followed by a sharp fall on day 14. A recovery in these values was noted after 3 weeks of irradiation. Thrombocyte counts decreased on day 3, reaching minimal values on day 7. The total number of leukocytes was reduced on day 3, mainly because of a decrease in the lymphocyte population. An evident lymphopenia and neutropenia occur almost on the day 3 and last up to the day 28 after irradiation. All of the hematological values decreased in the blood in a dose-dependent manner at the same time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.442-451
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of transport stress on physiological and hematological responses and milk performance in lactating dairy cows. Methods: Ten lactating dairy cows were randomly divided into 2 groups. The treatment group (TG) was transported 200 km for 4 h by truck, and the control group (NTG) was restrained by stanchion for 4 h in Konkuk University farm. Blood and milk samples were collected at 24 h pre-transport; 1, 2, and 4 h during transport; and 2, 24, and 48 h post-transport. Milk yields were measured at 24 h pre-transport, 0 h during transport, and 24, 48, and 72 h post-transport. Results: Leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte numbers in the TG were significantly higher than those of the NTG at each experimental time point. Lymphocyte numbers in the TG were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the NTG at 48 h post-transport. Additionally, the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio of the TG was 45% and 46% higher than that of the NTG at 4 h during transport and 2 h post-transport, respectively. There were no significant differences in erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin concentrations, platelet numbers, and hematocrit percentages between two groups. Cortisol levels in the TG were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the NTG. Milk yields in the TG were lower than those in the NTG. The somatic cell count (SCC) of the TG was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the NTG at 1 and 2 h during transport; that of the TG increased dramatically at 1 h during transport and gradually decreased subsequently. Conclusion: Transport stress increased blood parameters including leucocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte numbers by increased cortisol levels, but did not affect erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Additionally, transport resulted in a decrease in milk yield and reduced milk quality owing to an increase in milk SCC.