• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.654-665
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of music therapy on the preoperative anxiety of surgerial patients. The research design was a nonequivalent control, group non-synch-ronized design. The data were collected during the period from January 4 to March 17, 1999 at C-University hospital in Seoul. The subjects were sixty patients who had surgery under general anesthesia and had undergone laparotomy. They were assigned to two groups, thirty to the experimental group and thirty to the control group. They also did not have any complication, were alert enough to be interviewed and agreed willingly to participate in this study. The tool of Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure trait-anxiety on all patients and the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure state-anxiety on all patients. And systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and blood sugar levels were collected a the day before surgery and the preoperative period. The experimental group received music therapy with self-selected music tapes after choosing from a Music Preference Questionnaire, while the control group didn't receive music therapy. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The preoperative state anxiety of the experimental group was re-markably lower than that of the control group. 2. Decreasing rate in the vital signs of the experimental group was remarkably lower than that of the control group. 3. The preoperative blood sugar of the experimental group was remarkably lower than that of the control group. According to these results, Music Therapy can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention that relieves preoperative anxiety of surgical patients and helper stabilize vital signs. From this study, the following recommendations can be made: 1. In order to decrease surgical patient's preoperative anxiety, I suggest the nursing intervention should go side by side with music therapy.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2015

Lung fibrosis is a life-threatening disease caused by overt or insidious inflammatory responses. However, the mechanism of tissue injury-induced inflammation and subsequent fibrogenesis remains unclear. Recently, we and other groups reported that Th17 responses play a role in amplification of the inflammatory phase in a murine model induced by bleomycin (BLM). Osteopontin (OPN) is a cytokine and extracellular-matrix-associated signaling molecule. However, whether tissue injury causes inflammation and consequent fibrosis through OPN should be determined. In this study, we observed that BLM-induced lung inflammation and subsequent fibrosis was ameliorated in OPNdeficient mice. OPN was expressed ubiquitously in the lung parenchymal and bone-marrow-derived components and OPN from both components contributed to pathogenesis following BLM intratracheal instillation. Th17 differentiation of $CD4^+$ ${\alpha}{\beta}$ T cells and IL-17-producing ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells was significantly reduced in OPN-deficient mice compared to WT mice. In addition, Th1 differentiation of $CD4^+$ ${\alpha}{\beta}$ T cells and the percentage of IFN-$\gamma$-producing ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells increased. T helper cell differentiation in vitro revealed that OPN was preferentially upregulated in $CD4^+$ T cells under Th17 differentiation conditions. OPN expressed in both parenchymal and bone marrow cell components and contributed to BLM-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis by affecting the ratio of pathogenic IL-17/protective IFN-$\gamma$ T cells.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.98-105
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• 2008

Background: Allergic inflammation was induced by activated Th2 lymphocytes, leading to IgE production and eosinophil activation. A Th2 disproportion was shown in atopic children soon after birth. During specific allergen stimulation, an increase of Th2 cells was observed in most cases. In this study, we prepared new screening "whole blood" system for searching the anti-atopic materials. Cytokine production and IgE secretion from whole blood system were assessed and we confirmed the results by using animal system. Methods: Pathological features in NC/Nga mice are similar to those observed in human atopic dermatitis. Whole blood from NC/Nga mouse was stimulated by using TNCB (Th2 activator) or candidate materials of anti-atopic dermatitis, and the production of cytokines (IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-${\gamma}$) were measured by ELISA. In order to confirm the results of whole blood system, in vivo test was done by using NC/Nga mice. Results: In whole blood system, LPS and extracts of green tea, hardy orange and onion induced the production of IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$ while they reduced the production of IL-4. Also, LPS and extracts of onion reduced IgE production. Though atopic dermatitis was observed from a mouse stimulated with TNCB, it was not when a mouse was co-stimulated in LPS or extracts of onion. The results are same as those observed in whole blood system. Conclusion: Whole blood system was simple and speedy methods for searching a materials compared with the conventional high-cost animal system. And the results using whole blood system was proved to be reliable in our experiments for screening anti-atopic material. We expect that the system can be applied to other experiments for searching similar materials.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.370-380
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• 1991

This article is intended to study histopathological and immunohistochemical response after autogenous full-thickenss skin graft in rat. 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as the experimental animals. A $1Cm{\times}1Cm$ skin(0.7mm diameter) was taken on the right inguinal area of the rat. Another full-thickeness skin graft($1Cm{\times}1Cm$) was taken from the left inguinal area of the rat. And it was transplanted to the right inguinal area of the rat. The left side wound was closed directly. Light microscopic observation was made at the postoperative $1^{\circ}3^{\circ}8^{\circ}16$ day, after the hematoxylin - Eosin staining of the 4u-thick paraffin embedded specimens and the immunoshitochemical staining of the 10u-thick frozen specimens with mouse anti-rat monoclone antibodies and ABC staining kit. The results were as follows. 1. Electromicroscopic studies revealed interstitial tissue bleeding of transplanted autogenous skin. The response was severe in the 1 day group after operation, moederate in 3 day group, mild in 8 day group, and almost resovled in the 16 days group. 2. Electromicrospic studied also revealed a mild monocyte response in the 3 day and 8 day group. A histiocytic infiltrate was observed. There was a mild response in the 3 day group and moderate response in the 8 day group. 3. Immunohistochmically studies revealed a few pan T cells in the 1 day group, mild appearance of pen T cells and cytotoxic T cells in the 3 day group, a moderate infiltrate of pan T cells and helper T cells in the 8 day group, and total resolution of pan T cells in the 16 day group. 4. According to these finding, a strong inflammatory response was observed around transplanted autogenous skin in the 3 & 8 day groups. In the 16 day group this response had resolved histopathologically and immunohistologically.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.97-107
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• 1986

This study was about nurse's helping behaviors and the purpose of the study was to find out the nurse's helping behaviors, to identify the nurse's helping behavior level by the nurses personal back-ground and to find out the relationship between the nurse's helping behavior and patient's self-exploration. The subjects, consisting of 192 adults in-patients who had less acute physical problem and 192 registered nurses working on these ward in 3 hospitals in Seoul and 1 hospital in Kang Won province of Korea. The data were collected from Jan. to rob. 1986 through the descriptive responds and self-reported questionaires. The instruments used for this study were Carkhuff's index of communication. Henderson's Irritating Listening Behavior, revised by the Kim(1984) and patient problem understanding scale, patients trust scale on nurse, developed by the Kim(1984). Analysis of the Data was done by use of mean, t-test, F-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results of study are summerized as follows; 1. Mean of nurse's helping behavior was 1.84 out of 4. These point were less than 3.0 which means the minimum points as the facilitative helper. 3. There was no significant differences of nurses helping behaviors to the nurse's personal back-ground (p<.05). 3. There were positive rotation between the nurse's helping behaviors and patient's self-exploration behavior (P<0001). In conclusion, 1 may can give some suggestion, according to the study results: 1. The systematic study about nurse's helping behavior is need all over the Korea. 2. Educational program for the facilitative relationship between nurses and patient must be developed, 3. Further detailed analysis methods are need on the independent variables of patient's self-explorations behavior.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 1990

These studies were carried out to obtain the transformant from carrot cells by using binary vector pGA472 with NPT II gene to confer kanamycin resistance in the plant cells. The binary vector pGA472 was mobilized from E. coli MC1000 into A. tumefaciens strains isolated in the Korea, C23-1. K29-1, and disarmed Ti-plasmid PC2760, and A28l using a tri-parental mating method with E. coli HB101/pRK2013. Transconjugants, C23-1/pGA472, K29-1/pGA472, PC2 760/pGA472 and A28l/pGA472 were obtaind on the minimum AB media containing tetracycline and kanamycin, were comfirmed to hold the Ti-plasmid and pGA472 binary vector on the 0.7% agarose gel. Transformed carrot calli were initiated on the MS media supplemented with l00$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml kanamycin and 250$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml carbenicillin after co-cultivation of carrot explant and transconjugant Agrobacteria. Selected callus was grown vigouousley for subculture on the medium containing 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml kanamycin, thus indication that the selected callus was transformed with NPT II gene.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.167-170
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• 2004

Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) have been proposed as a potential oral allergy-therapeutic means of modulating immune phenotype expression in vivo, via promoting or reducing cytokine production. This study investigated the ability of LABs to suppress allergic response via modulating cytokine production in mice splenocytes. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally primed with ovalbumin together with alum adjuvant to invoke antigen-specific Th1/Th2 cytokine-secreting cell populations in splenocytes. Spleen cells from mice fed with Lactobacillus confusus PL9001 (KCCM-10245), L. fermentum PL9005 (KCCM-10250), L. plantarum PL9011 (KCCM-10358), and Bifidobacterium infantis PL9506 (KCCM-10406) suppressed the levels of Th2 cell cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 during antigen sensitization. In addition, all mice fed with LABs induced secretion of Th1 cell cytokines such as IL-2 in splenocytes. These results suggested that LABs are anti-allergic agents, in view of their Th1/anti-Th2 immunoregulation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

Type I diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing ${\beta}$ cells in the pancreatic islets. The onset of T1D is the consequence of a progressive destruction of islet ${\beta}$ cells mediated by an imbalance between effector $CD4^+$ T helper (Th)1 and regulatory $CD4^+$ Th2 cell function. Since interferon-alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$) has been known to modulate immune function and autoimmunity, we investigated whether administration of adenoviralmediated IFN-${\alpha}$ gene would inhibit the diabetic process in NOD mice. The development of diabetes was significantly inhibited by a single injection of adenoviral-mediated IFN-${\alpha}$ gene before 8 weeks of age. Next, we examined the hypothesis that Th2-type cytokines are associated with host protection against autoimmune diabetes, whereas Th1-type cytokines are associated with pathogenesis of T1D. The expression of IFN-${\alpha}$ induced increase of serum IL-4 and IL-6 (Th2 cytokines) levels and decrease of serum IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$ (Th1 cytokines) levels. Therefore, overexpression of IFN-${\alpha}$ by adenoviralmediated delivery provides modulation of pathogenic progression and protection of NOD mice from T1D.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.481-491
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• 2018

Allergic asthma is one of the most enduring diseases of the airway. The T-helper cells and regulatory T-cells are critically involved in inflammatory responses, mucus hypersecretion, airway remodelling and in airway hyper-responsiveness. Cigarette smoke (CS) has been found to aggravate inflammatory responses in asthma. Though currently employed drugs are effective, associated side effects demand identification and development of novel drugs with negligible or no adverse effects. Rutin, plant-derived flavonoid has been found to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the ability of rutin to modulate T-cells and inhibit inflammation in experimentally-induced asthma in cigarette smoke exposed mice. Separate groups of neonatal mice were exposed to CS for 10 days from post-natal days 2 to 11. After 2 weeks, the mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Treatment group were given rutin (37.5 or 75 mg/kg body weight) during OVA sensitization and challenge. Rutin treatment was found to significantly inhibit cellular infiltration in the airways and Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels as well. Flow cytometry revealed effectively raised $CD4^+CD25^+Fox3^+$ Treg cells and supressed Th17 cell population on rutin treatment. Airway hyper-responsiveness observed following CS and OVA challenge were inhibited by rutin. $NF-{\kappa}B$ and iNOS, chief regulators of inflammatory responses robustly activated by CS and OVA were down-regulated by rutin. Rutin also inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, thereby aiding in prevention of airway remodelling in asthma thereby revealing to be a potent candidate in asthma therapy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1270-1275
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• 2008

Effects of polysaccharide fraction from Euonymus alatus Sieb(EPF) on the immune response of T-, B-lymphocytes and macrophages were examined in vitro and in vivo system. EPF (500 mg/kg) were administered p.o. twice a day for 5 days to C57BL/6 mice, and then the cells were separated from mice. EPF decreased the viability of thymocytes, but increased the viability of splenocytes in vitro and in vivo system. Also, the administration of EPF enhanced the population of helper T cell and cytotoxic T cell in thymocytes and did not affect the population of splenocytes. Furthermore, EPF enhanced the phagocytic activity and the production of nitric oxide in peritoneal macro phages in vivo system. These results suggest that EPF regulates an immune response via the enhancement of mature T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes viability and phagocytic activity of macrophages.