• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2003

Suppression of cellular immunity is the host responses to surgical stress. When the body is exposed to surgical stress, decreased immunocyte function is one of the surgical stress-induced biologic responses. In all patients exposed to the surgical stress, peripheral blood lymphocyte numbers and function were suppressed until at least 2 weeks postoperatively. This immunosuppression was mainly due to a decrease of helper-inducer T cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and an increase of suppressor T cells. The blood levels of interleukin-6(IL-6) cytokine increase in response to surgical stress and cause an increase of so-called acute phase reactants, including C-reactive protein(CRP). In the previously damaged patients group, expected to early stress expose, immunosuppression was more developed than other normal groups. Cellular immunosuppression by surgical stress was mainly due to an increase of lymphocyte subsets that depress cellular immunity coupled with a decrease of the subsets that promote it. Overproduction of CRP in response to surgical stress may play an important role in the development of immunosuppression.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

The effect of immune activation by Echinacea purpurea was investigated by measuring total immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM. and the radioprotective effect of immune activation by Echinacea purpurea was investigated by measuring T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of mice following whole body irradiation. Echinacea purpurea activated macrophages to stimulate $IFN-{\gamma}$ production in association with the secondary activation of T lymphocytes, resulting in a decrease in IgG and IgM production. Cytokines released from macrophages in mouse peripheral blood after Echinacea purpurea administration activated helper T cells to proliferate. In addition, activated macrophages in association with the secondary T lymphocyte activation increased $IFN-{\gamma}$ production and stimulated proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and suppressor T cells, indicating the activation of cell-mediated immune responses.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.931-935
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• 2013

Lipid events in liposome-mediated transfection (lipofection) are largely unknown. Here we studied whether phospholipase D (PLD), an important enzyme responsible for phospholipid breakdown, was affected during lipofection of HepG2 cells with a luciferase plasmid. Synthetic cholesterol (Chol) derivatives, including $3{\beta}$[L-ornithinamide-carbamoyl]Chol, [polyamidoamine-carbamoyl]Chol and $3{\beta}$[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]Chol, and a cationic lipid, N-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride were mixed with a helper lipid dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine to form respective cationic liposomes. All cationic liposomes were found to stimulate PLD. Although orders of magnitude effects of the cationic liposomes on PLD stimulation did not consistently match those on cytotoxicity and luciferase expression, a causal relationship between PLD activation and cytotoxic effect was remarkable. PLD stimulation by the cationic liposomes was likely due to their amphiphilic characters, leading to membrane perturbation, as supported by similar results obtained with other membrane-perturbing chemicals such as oleate, melittin, and digitonin. Our results suggest that lipofection induces cellular lipid changes such as a PLD-driven phospholipid turnover.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.113-121
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• 1984

How can the educator help learners to learn? The old way was to tell learners as much as possible, passing on the educator's knowledge. Now the educator acts as a helper. She will organise experiences which allow the learners to do health behaviors, she may utilize instructional materials, she may write downsome questions for a group of learners to discuss. In all these ways the teachers is helping learning. Some educators feel that they must do all the talking themselves. They feel that they are not really teaching the learners some new information, but this is quite wrong. In fact if a educatorgives a lecture and learners do not learn, then the educator is talking not teaching. So the devlopment of instructional materials is much needed to be a learner education. And the selection of materials may be very important for the level of maturity of the learners in interest, complexity of ideas, opportunity for self-identification, speed of learners' ability to observe and length of concentration. Author studied the several instructional materials which can be utilized in the field of dental health education and also studied their values, limitations and considerations when they are used. The learning activities are poster, puppet, model, mock-up, specimen, flannel board, chalk board, bulletin board, psychodrama, role play, field trip, exhibition, laboratory method.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was guided to estimate inhibitory effects against hepatic metastasis and activation of immunocytes by Carthami Semen Herbal Acupuncture. Methods : Colon26-L5 carcinoma cells were injected through hepatic portal vein to induce hepatic metastatic cancer. Changes in weight, morphology of the cancer were estimated and cytokine level was analyzed to produce immunological changes. Results: The experimental group was significantly decreased metastatic size and proliferation compared with the control group. Observing immunocytes from the spleen of experimental group T-lymphocytes were significantly increased. As compared with control group, the differentiation of total T cell, helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell, Macrophage and NK cell was increased. Measuring the level of cytokine $IFN-{\gamma}$ which stimulates Th 1 was significantly increased in splenocyte with Con A stimuli. $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-12 were significantly increased in peritoneal exudate macrophage with LPS stimuli. Conclusion : These findings strongly indicate Carthami Semen Herbal Acupuncture improves immunity to inhibit the growth of cancer and metastasis.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2006

This research focused on the family stress and family strengths in double-income couples. The subjects of this study were 171 double-income couples, in the Kyeongnam Area, Korea. The major findings from the study are as follows. 1) The degree of family stress of the husband and wife in double-income couples was 2.90 and 2.97, respectively, on a scale of 0-5.0. The significant variables were economic level, self-esteem and marital satisfaction in double-income couples' husband, and having a housework-helper, job satisfaction, self-esteem and marital satisfaction in double-income couples' wife. 2) The degree of family strengths of the husband and wife in double-income couples was 3.84 and 3.82, respectively, on a scale of 0-5.0. The significant variables were job satisfaction, self-esteem and marital satisfaction in double-income couples' husband, and the educational level, job type, self-esteem and marital satisfaction in double-income couples' wife. 3) There was a close inverse correlation between the lamely stress and family strengths in the husband and wife of double-income couples.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

The task force of the Korean Society for Reproductive Immunology recommends intravenous immunoglobulin G treatment in women with reproductive failure, including recurrent pregnancy loss and/or repeated implantation failure, who show cellular immune factors such as abnormal natural killer cell levels, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and/or type 1 T helper immunity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.247-270
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• 1998

The more society has complicated, the more we have met stressful circumstance. And it is found that many physical and mental symptoms induced by stress. Soyosan(SYS) is one of the well-known oriental medicine for the treatment of general syndrome induced by emotional stress. This study was taken to know effects of SYS water extract on immune-depressed mice induced by stress. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1. SYS inhibited murine weight-loss induced by stress 2. In vivo& in vitro, SYS increased phagocytic activity. 3. SYS enhanced the production of such reactive oxygen intermediates as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide from macrophages. 4. In vitro, SYS little influenced the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates. 5. SYS increased the number of the rosette forming cells of spleen. 6. SYS changed the ratio of helper and suppressor T cells by increasing $CD4^+$ T cells and decreasing $CD8^+$ T cells. 7. SYS increased cytotoxic activity on human lymphoma cell line(K562). 8. SYS increased the plasma level of GH and DHEA. whereas it decreased that of ACTH and cortisol. According to the above results, it might be considered that SYS would be used for immune-depressive disease induced by stress.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2003

Recently there are many tries and researches for using web agent in education. The agent is a computer program as a common name which takes a role like a proxy or a middle ware for accomplishing the given something on behalf of user. Lately the agent is being used in the various fields. The teaching and learning is the one of those. It is the web agent that support the teaching and learning on the web. It has a concept of the program or the engine is able to do teachers roles on the behalf of him on the web. Not only the web agent is able to do teachers roles on the behalf of him, but also it is a helper that helps learners on the web. The web based teaching and learning environment has the web agent offers the personal and the adaptive information, interface, or contents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1993

This study examined the expenditure on time-saving services and related variables. The time-saving services are food away from home, delivery food, dry cleaning, clothing care, helper and total service. The specific objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the differences in the expenditure on time saving services according to social economic and demographic variables. (2) to investigate the differences in the expenditure on time-saving services according to role-overload, home goal orientation and work goal orientation. (3) to investigate the independent influence of variables related to the expenditure on time-saving services. For this objectives survey was conducted using interview. The data used in this study included 160 women living in Seoul from employed professional housewives, employed non-professional housewives and non-employed housewives. Statistical analyses were conducted using frequencies, percentiles, mean, oneway ANOVA, DUNCAN-test and multiple regression. The major findings were: (1) Wife's education, wife's age, income, tenure, level of living and employment status were significantly related to the expenditure on time-saving services by using the one-way ANOVA. (2) Income, education, level of living, number of children, and employment status explained the variance of the expenditures on time-saving services about 20%-39% by using a multiple regression method.