• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hello Protocol

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Dynamic Adjustment of Hello and Hold Timer in AODV Routing Protocol

  • Godfrey, Daniel;Kim, Ki-Il
    • IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.251-259
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    • 2020
  • Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol and its variants employ two important timers, hello and hold timer to keep track of topology changes. Moreover, hold timer is computed by multiplying constant value to hello timer. But, this configuration leads to inaccurate settings of hold timer. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a new dynamic adjustment of hello and hold timer scheme by removing dependency between them. A new metric to measure mobility is applied into hello timer, while expected link lifetime does holder timer. Simulation results show a significant reduction in the number of messages, a fact suggesting that it is possible to maintain and in some cases improve the performance of AODV with a minimum amount of messages released into the network.

Neighbor Knowledge Exchange Reduction using Broadcast Packet in Wireless Ad hoc Networks (방송 패킷을 활용한 무선 애드혹 네트워크의 이웃 정보 전송절감)

  • Choi, Sun-Woong
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.12 no.7
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    • pp.1308-1313
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    • 2008
  • Neighbor knowledge in wireless ad hoc networks provides important functionality for a number of protocols. The neighbor knowledge is acquired via Hello packets. Hello packets are periodically broadcasted by the nodes which want to advertise their existence. Usage of periodic Hello packet, however, is a big burden on the wireless ad hoc networks. This paper deals with an approach where each node acquires neighbor knowledge by observing not only Hello packets but also broadcasting packets. Analysis and computer simulation results show that the method using broadcast packets offers significant improvement over the method using Hello packet only. When the required hello packet transmission interval and the average broadcasting interval are equal, the overhead reduction is about 42%.

Performance Enhancement of AODV Routing Protocol Using Interrupt Message in MANET (MANET에서 Interrupt message를 이용한 AODV 라우팅 프로토콜의 성능 개선)

  • Lee, Yun-Kyung;Kim, Ju-Gyun
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.38B no.10
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    • pp.785-800
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    • 2013
  • In MANET, AODV(Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector) has its advantages as on-demand approach but it also has a disadvantage that the control packet overhead is high compared to other routing protocols. This paper improves the problem caused by Hello messages that are broadcasted periodically to detect the local connectivity and maintain neighbor list. Periodic hello messages reduce the Packet delivery ratio and the efficiency in the limited bandwidth. And its increased Control packet overhead leads to decrease the Residual battery capacity and the Network lifetime. Further, non-reactive nature of periodic hello messages in AODV has also been the source of numerous controversies. In order to solve these problems, this paper improves the performance by using the interrupt driven approach which removes periodic hello messages and decreases the Control packet overhead. Performance comparisons between the traditional AODV and proposed mod_AODV done with network simulator QualNet 5.0 show that the mod_AODV performs better in most performance metrics under scenarios with various values of simulation parameters.

Development of Internet Web-Based UPS Remote Control System (인터넷 웹 기반 환경을 이용한 UPS 원격제어시스템 개발)

  • 김성환;최주엽;유권종;안현식
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.253-259
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    • 2003
  • This paper aims at developing remote control system to control and monitor distributed various devices such as UPS through internet. TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) and UPS operated in a row are adopted for the network management protocol and the application device, respectively. For controlling and monitoring distributed devices in realtime, java-environment software is constructed. Also, HelloDevice, general-use interface controller between network device and applied device is proposed. Finally, serial communication such as RS-232C is used between controller and applied device.

The AODV Routing Protocol based on Location Information for Inter-Vehicle Communication (차량간 통신을 위한 위치 정보 기반의 AODV 라우팅 프로토콜)

  • Lee, Eun-Ju;Lee, Kwoun-Ig;Jwa, Jeong-Woo;Yang, Doo-Yeong
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2008
  • In order to realize Intelligent Transport System (ITS) without any road facilities support, Inter-vehicle Communication (IVC) is increased attention. IVC makes it possible to exchange real-time information among vehicles without centralized infrastructure. The IVC systems use multi-hop broadcast to disseminate information. In this paper, we propose the improved AODV routing protocol based on location information. The proposed AODV routing protocol transmits Hello packet with location information to calculate the distance between nodes. Then it achieves fast link recovery. We confirm the throughput performance of the proposed AODV routing protocol compared with the AODV routing protocol using Qualnet ver.3.8 simulator.

Defense against HELLO Flood Attack in Wireless Sensor Network

  • Hamid Md. Abdul;Hong Choong Seon;Byun Sang Ick
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.214-216
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    • 2005
  • We consider Wireless Sensor Network Security (WSN) and focus our attention to tolerate damage caused by an adversary who has compromised deployed sensor node to modify, block, or inject packets. We adopt a probabilistic secret sharing protocol where secrets shared between two sensor nodes are not exposed to any other nodes. Adapting to WSN characteristics, we incorporate these secrets to establish new pairwise key for node to node authentication and design multipath routing to multiple base stations to defend against HELLO flood attacks. We then analytically show that our defense mechanisms against HELLO flood attack can tolerate damage caused by an intruder.

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Efficient New Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (이동 애드혹 네트워크을 위한 새로운 라우팅 프로토콜 기법)

  • Ngo, Van-Vuong;Jang, Jaeshin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2015.10a
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    • pp.815-818
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    • 2015
  • AODV routing protocol, one of the most studied routing protocols for the Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), uses the number of hops as the metric to choose a path from a source node to a destination node. If the path is deteriorated, it will cause many problems to the communication. In order to improve the performance of the network, we propose AuM-AODV routing protocol that contains an auxiliary metric besides the number of hops. Nodes using AuM-AODV use control packets such as Route Request (RREQ), Route Reply (RREP), and HELLO to exchange information about network topology like AODV routing protocol. AuM-AODV routing protocol is implemented in NS-3 for performance evaluation. We use three performance metrics, that is to say, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and average end-to-end delay. According to numerical results, the new AuM-AODV routing protocol has better performance over three performance metrics than AODV routing protocol.

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Evaluation on Effect of Message Overhead for Implementing a Scalable RSVP-TE Protocol in MPLS Networks (MPLS 망에서 확장성을 갖는 RSVP-TE 프로토콜 구현을 위한 메시지 부하의 영향 분석)

  • Lee Young-Woo;Park Jaehyung;Kim Sang-Ha
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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    • v.11C no.6 s.95
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    • pp.815-820
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    • 2004
  • For providing high quality-guaranteed service over Internet, traffic engineering based on an MPLS technology is being introduced. MPLS traffic engineering performs the computation on the path guaranteeing service`s quality and the reservation on network resources by an MPLS signaling protocol. As one of MPLS signaling protocol, RSVP-TE protocol transmits and receives periodic refresh messages for maintaining the path of a traffic flow. Such characteristic gives a heavy processing overhead to routers for maintaining states of large number of paths. In this paper, we propose a scalable implementation approach for RSVP-TE without dramatically increasing processing overhead. And we eval-uate the processing overhead on periodic messages by implementing the RSVP-TE protocol and the reduction mechanism of periodic messages.

Local Repair Routing Algorithm using Link Breakage Prediction in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (모바일 애드 혹 네트워크에서 링크 단절 예측을 사용한 지역 수정 라우팅 알고리즘)

  • Yoo, Dae-Hun;Choi, Woong-Chul
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.32 no.11A
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    • pp.1173-1181
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    • 2007
  • A number of routing algorithms have been studied for wireless mobile ad-hoc network. Among them, the AODV routing algorithm with on-demand method periodically transmits hello message and monitors link state during data transmission in order to maintain routing paths. When a path is disconnected, a node that senses it transmits a RERR packet to the transmitting node or transmits a RREQ locally so that the path could be repaired. With that, the control packet such as a RREQ is broadcast, which causes the consumption of bandwidth and incurs data latency. This paper proposes a LRRLBP algorithm that locally repairs a path by predicting link state before disconnecting the path based on the AODV routing protocol for solving such problems. Intensive simulations with the results using NS-2 simulator are shown for verifying the proposed protocol.

Performance Evaluation of a New AODV Protocol with Auxiliary Metrics

  • Ngo, Van-Vuong;Jang, Jaeshin
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.14-20
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    • 2016
  • The AODV protocol uses many RREQ messages and one RREP message in the path-discovery process. This protocol has only one metric, the number of hops. Although it is simple, this protocol is not efficient. To avoid this problem, we propose a new AODV with two auxiliary metrics (AuM-2-AODV). The AuM-2-AODV protocol tries multiple route replies, which reduces the chance of path failure and helps the network obtain a better data rate. It has two auxiliary metrics, the remaining energy of its nodes and the number of HELLO messages received at the nodes. With these two metrics, the reliable path from the source node to the destination node will be chosen. In this paper, the performance of the AuM-2-AODV is evaluated using the NS-3 simulator. The performance results show that AuM-2-AODV provides greater throughput and packet delivery ratio by 20% and up to 50% and about 100% in some cases, respectively, than previous protocols.