• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.13-25
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to develop and verify the effectiveness of the career education program for unwed mothers to facilitate to consider their career plan and career orientation. The program of this study was based on the Super's developmental theory. The program was done twice a week totally 8 times. The subject of the program is unwed mothers from 16 to 25 years old. One-group pretest-posttest design was held. The quantitative and qualitative researches were carried out. In quantitative research, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was done with SPSS Window 10.0 to evaluate the effectiveness of the career education program. In qualitative research, the content of discussion in the course of group process, investigation, and the materials which were made from the group members were analysed to the objects of program. The results of this study was proven to develop career maturity, career decision level, and career identity. Finally, the meanings of this consequences were discussed.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.229-250
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of project learning using chatbots on artificial intelligence literacy. The subjects of the study were a total of 41 students from 1st to 3rd grade of general high school in Gyeonggi-do. Classes were held after school for a total of 6 hours, and the contents of the classes consisted of the concept and characteristics of artificial intelligence, the concept and expression of knowledge, OBT application for Kakao i open builder, guidance on how to create chatbots, and chatbot production practice. As a result of the pre- and post-test of the experimental group, the quantitative value of artificial intelligence literacy increased in all three grades. In the case of second-year students who set up a comparison group, when compared with the results of the comparison group, there was a significant positive effect on the AI literacy result, and female students were found to be more effective than male students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.673-683
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to develop a spiritual care education program (SCEP) for nursing students to help increase their awareness of the essence of spirituality in care so as to enable them to promote spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence. Methods: The participants were assigned to an experimental group (n=42) or a control group (n=39). From August to October 2009, the experimental group participated in the SCEP, which were held 2 hours a week for 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact probability test, paired t-test, t-test with the SPSS WIN 17.0 statistics program. Results: The experimental group had a higher mean score for spirituality, spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence than the control group. Significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the SCEP was effective in improving spirituality, spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence for nursing students.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.59-74
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of physical education classes based on Flipped Learning on self-directed learning abilities and learning attitude towards these classes, for middle school students. The study selected 90 students as an experimental group (3 classes) and 97 students as a control group (3 classes), among 240 students of the first-year students attending a middle school located at Jeonju City of South Korea, applying convenience sampling, one of the non-probability sampling methods. For the experimental group, 36 sessions of physical education classes were held for 14 weeks, while the control group received teacher-centered classes. Comparing the results with the control group, the experimental group showed significant differences in terms of all sub factors of self-directed learning abilities, namely; desire for learning, learning objective establishment, basic self-management abilities, selection of learning strategy and self-reflection. Moreover, the experimental group manifested significant differences in terms of all sub factors of attitude towards the physical education subjects, namely; positive emotions, negative emotions, health & physical strength, interpersonal relations, physical activities & movements, and active participation & positive performance. From the findings, it can be considered that physical education classes based on Flipped Learning contributed to improving self-directed learning abilities and attitude towards physical education classes. This result can serve as a significant basic material for designing and performing classes in raising the understanding of Flipped Learning and effectively applying Flipped Learning in physical education classes.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 1996

Caves abd the life they contain face constant pressure from a worldw demand for cement. hydro-electric power and land for building a agriculture. The 8th International Congress of Speleology held in Kentu two years ago passed a resolution on behalf of the IUCN "Cave Speci Group" which called for "...biological surveys of threatened caves. mos in the tropics, and ecological studies to solve specific managem provlems on the causes of endangerment and how these can be remov or mitigated". This final article in the "Cave Life" series explains the n for an ecological approach to cavelife conservation.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1976

Godel models of the universe filled with fluid are studied in the framework of the Einstein-Cartan theory of gravitation. It is assumed that the models admit a group of motions simply transitive on space-time. The combined effects of spin and rotation(vorticity) are studied with a particular attention to whether the held equations impose any restriction on alignement of spin direction (a polarized spin distribution). The solutions are found explicitly in a closed form, which show that spin components are vanishingly small except in the direction of z-axis (the compass of inertia) in which they can assume an arbitrary distribution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-2
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• 2023

2-Bromopropane, a causative chemical that caused the outbreak of reproductive toxicity 28 years ago, was classified as Group 2A in the recently held IARC monograph 133 meeting. Korean research data were used as supporting data in the carcinogenicity evaluation of 2-bromopropane and other carcinogens. I would like to share my memories with the researchers at the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute who worked hard to identify the cause.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

A variety of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in the presynaptic terminals of central and peripheral synapses and play regulatory roles in transmitter release. The patch-clamp whole-cell recording technique, applied to the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal in brainstem slices of rodents, has made it possible to directly examine intracellular mechanisms underlying the GPCR-mediated presynaptic inhibition. At the calyx of Held, bath-application of agonists for GPCRs such as $GABA_B$ receptors, group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), adenosine $A_1$ receptors, or adrenaline ${\alpha}2$ receptors, attenuate evoked transmitter release via inhibiting voltage-activated $Ca^{2+}$ currents without affecting voltage-activated $K^+$ currents or inwardly rectifying $K^+$ currents. Furthermore, inhibition of voltage-activated $Ca^{2+}$ currents fully explains the magnitude of GPCR-mediated presynaptic inhibition, indicating no essential involvement of exocytotic mechanisms in the downstream of $Ca^{2+}$ influx. Direct loadings of G protein ${\beta}{\gamma}$ subunit $(G{\beta}{\gamma})$ into the calyceal terminal mimic and occlude the inhibitory effect of a GPCR agonist on presynaptic $Ca^{2+}$ currents $(Ip_{Ca})$, suggesting that $G{\beta}{\gamma}$ mediates presynaptic inhibition by GPCRs. Among presynaptic GPCRs glutamate and adenosine autoreceptors play regulatory roles in transmitter release during early postnatal period when the release probability (p) is high, but these functions are lost concomitantly with a decrease in p during postnatal development.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.121-136
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• 2012

This study is a qualitative research on job transfer experiences of child care teachers and directors of child care centers. The research was conducted on 21 participants: 10 child teachers and 11 directors of child care centers in Seoul and Gyeong-gi province. Focus group interviews were held at the subjects' child care centers in July 2011. Each focus group participated in one interview and the average length of these interviews was 2 hours. Four focus group interviews were recorded and transcribed. The gathered data was analyzed within and across groups according to focus group interview analysis methods. The analysis showed five categories in both the teacher group and the director group. Reorganizing this analysis revealed three phases: before, in the course of, and after the transfer. Further description about the job transfer was given for each phase of the two groups. This research is significantly meaningful in that it brings light to the experiences around job transfer for both groups at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.532-543
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate three different perceptions based on major 23 part planning attributes. These party planning attributes were categorized using exploratory factor analysis. Three groups of respondents were identified based on the sample data; the first group is a group of people experienced parties before, the second group is a group of people intended to attend parties in near future, and the third group is a group of people who want to be a party planner. Respondents participated in this study express their own perceptions on party-planning attributes. The study shows that the perceptions of respondents were significantly different from each other. Particularly, prospective party planners emphasize on artistic attributes, such as harmony between dishes and foods or between the party concept and foods. However, party attendees more importantly considered other attributes, including the event suitable to the party type, places held a party. The research suggests that understanding party attendees' perception will provide useful information to develop party events that can reflect customers' desires.