• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.556-562
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• 2007

The interdecadal variation of wintertime blocking frequency over the Siberia ($60^{\circ}E-140^{\circ}E$) is examined using the ECMWF/NCEP-NCAR re-analysis data for the period 1958-2006. The wintertime blocking frequency over the Siberia significantly decreased for the period 1986-2006, compared to the period 1958-1985, which is mainly due to the anomalous circulation of 500-hPa geopotential height field. During the period 1986-2006, there was enhancement in both the anomalous cyclonic flow over the western Siberia and the anomalous anticyclonic flow over the east Asia. These anomalous circulation patterns, which might be associated with changes in surface temperatures over the Asian continent, are suspected to playa possibly important role as an obstacle to the formation of blocking flow over the Siberia.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2019

목적: $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA를 이용한 사구체 여과율 측정에서 신장(Height)과 체중(Weight)의 변동에 따른 사구체 여과율의 변화 정도를 확인하고 표준화된 신체 계측의 중요성에 대해 제고하고자 한다. 실험재료 및 방법: 서울아산병원 핵의학과에 사구체 여과율 검사를 위해 내원한 50명을 대상으로 전자의무기록(EMR)에 기록된 한 달 이내의 신체 계측 값의 변화를 조사하였고, 신장(Height)과 체중(Weight)의 변화 폭이 가장 컸던 값을 기준으로 신장(Height)과 체중(Weight)을 변화시키며 사구체 여과율을 재산출하여 그 변화를 분석하였다. 결과: 신장(Height)이 1cm 증가할 때마다 사구체 여과율은 평균 0.6%씩 감소하였고. 체중(Weight)이 1kg 증가할 때마다 사구체 여과율은 평균 1.6%씩 증가하였다. 결론: 신장(Height)과 체중(Weight)의 오류로 인한 사구체 여과율의 오류를 줄이기 위해서는 신체 계측 방법에 대한 표준화가 필요하며, 신체 계측에 영향을 줄 수 있는 변수에 대한 통제가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2000

In order to genralize the vertical dispersion of plume at long distances on mesoscale over complex terrain dispersion coefficients data have been obtained systematically according to lapsed time after release by using a composite turbulence water tank that simulates convective boundary layer. Dispersion experiments have been carried out for various combined conditions of thermal turbulence intensity mechanical turbulence intensity and plume release height at slightly to moderately unstable conditions. Results of tracer dispersion experiments conducted using water tank camera and image processing system have been converted into atmospheric dispersion data through the application of similarity law. The equation $\sigma$z/Zi=aX/(b+c X2)0.5 where $\sigma$2; vertical dispersion coefficient zi : mixing height X : dimen-sionaless downwind distance was confirmed to be an appropriate and general equation for expressing $\sigma$2 variation with turbulence intensity and plume release height, The value of "a" was found to be principally affected by mechanical turbulence intensity and that of "b" by mechanical turbulence intensity and release height. It was confirmed that the magnitude of "c" varies with release height. Results of water tank experiments on the relationship of $\sigma$2 vs downwind distance x have been compared with actual atmospheric dispersion data such as CONDORS data and Bowne's nomogram Operating conditions of a composite turbulence water tank for simulating the field turbulence situations of CONDORS experiments and Bowne's $\sigma$2(x) nomogram for suburban area have also been investigated in terms of water temperature difference between convection water tank and bottom plate heating tank grid plate stroke mixing water depth length scale and velocity scale. Moreover the effect of mechanical turbulence intensity on vertical dispersion has been discussed in the light of release height and downwind distance. height and downwind distance.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.110.2-110.2
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• 2012

We investigate a cool loop and a dark lane over a limb active region on 2007 March 14 by the Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS). The cool loop is clearly seen in the EIS spectral lines formed at the transition region temperature (log T = 5.8). The dark lane is characterized by an elongated faint structure in coronal spectral lines (log T = 5.8 - 6.1) and rooted on a bright point. We examine their electron densities, Doppler velocities, and non-thermal velocities as a function of distance from the limb using the spectral lines formed at different temperatures (log T = 5.4 - 6.4). The electron densities of the cool loop and the dark lane are derived from the density sensitive line pairs of Mg VII, Fe XII, and Fe XIV spectra. Under the hydrostatic equilibrium and isothermal assumption, we determine their temperatures from the density scale height. Comparing the scale height temperatures to the peak formation temperatures of the spectral lines, we note that the scale height temperature of the cool loop is consistent with a peak formation temperature of the Mg VII (log T = 5.8) and the scale height temperature of the dark lane is close to a peak formation temperature of the Fe XII and Fe XIII (log T = 6.1 - 6.2). It is interesting to note that the structures of the cool loop and the dark lane are most visible in these temperature lines. While the non-thermal velocity in the cool loop slightly decreases (less than 7 km $s^{-1}$) along the loop, that in the dark lane sharply falls off with height. The variation of non-thermal velocity with height in the cool loop and the dark lane is contrast to that in off-limb polar coronal holes which are considered as source of the fast solar wind. Such a decrease in the non-thermal velocity may be explained by wave damping near the solar surface or turbulence due to magnetic reconnection near the bright point.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 쿼드러춰 방식의 초음파현미경을 구성하고 미세한 높이변화를 갖는 표면결함에 대한 진폭영상과 위상영상을 복원하여 상대적인 영상 강도의 변화와 영상의 질을 비교 분석하였다. 본 실험에서는 중심주파수가 3㎒인 focused 변환기를 사용하여 초음파현미경을 구성하고 알루미늄 재료를 선택하여 하나는 직경이 2㎜이고 깊이가 100㎛인 원형결함을 갖도록 하였고 다른 하나는 직경이 4㎜이고 깊이가 5㎜인 원형결함을 갖도록 시편을 제작하였으며 이들에 대한 진폭과 위상영상을 복원하였다. 결함 깊이가 100㎛인 원형결함이 존재하는 시편에 대한 라인 스캔(line scan) 결과 상대적인 영상강도의 진폭 변동율은 7%로 미약한 반면에 위상 변동율은 89%로 커다란 변화를 나타내므로 결함에 대해서 위상영상이 우수한 콘트라스트를 보였다. 이에 비하여 결함의 깊이가 5㎜인 시편에 대해서 진폭영상은 위상영상에 비하여 우수한 콘트라스트를 보이므로서 결함 깊이가 한 파장을 기준으로하여 위상영상과 진폭영상은 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 따라서 쿼드러춰 검출방식의 초음파현미경은 진폭만을 검출하는 포락선 검출기에 비해 한 파장보다 작은 높이변화를 갖는 결함의 탐상시 위상영상을 진폭영상의 상호보완적인 관계로 사용하므로서 결함의 미세 높이 변동을 효율적으로 평가 할 수 있다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권B호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2002

3-D numerical studies are performed to investigate the effect of the air dam height and approaching air velocities on the pressure distribution of notchback road vehicle. For this purpose, the models of test vehicle with four different air dam heights are introduced and PHOENICS, a commercial CFD code, is used to simulate the flow phenomena and to estimate the values of pressure coefficients along the surface of vehicle. The standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model is adopted for the simulation of turbulence. The numerical results show that the height variation of air dam makes almost no influence on the distribution of the value of pressure coefficient along upper and rear surface but makes strong effects on the bottom surface. That is, the value of pressure coefficient becomes smaller as the height is increased along the bottom surface. Approaching air velocity makes no differences on pressure coefficients. Through the analysis of pressure coefficient on the vehicle surface, one tries to assess aerodynamic drag and lift of vehicle. The pressure distribution on the bottom surface affects more on lift than the pressure distribution on the upper surface of the vehicle does. The increase of air dam height makes positive effects on the lift decrease but no effects on drag reduction.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.627-633
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• 2001

Characteristics of a diesel spray impingement with the variation of ambient temperature, wall temperature and ambient pressure were investigated through shadowgraphy method by using high speed camera. The radial penetration of spray was increased with ambient temperature and wall temperature. It is resulted from the decrease of ambient gas density caused by the increase of temperature. The height of spray was also increased with ambient temperature and wall temperature, because the height of stagnate region is noticeably increased, although height of wall jet vortex is decreased. At the same ambient pressure, the area ratio of impinging spray of room temperature environment to high temperature environment was increased, as the temperature difference between room temperature and high temperature increases. And the increment of area ratio was higher at low ambient pressure than high ambient pressure.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 s-소단 경사식 방파제에서의 처오름 특성을 검토하기 위하여 수리모형실험을 수행하였다. 소단의 높이와 폭을 변화시켜가며 파형경사 및 쇄파계수의 변화에 따른 처오름높이 계측결과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 소단의 폭과 높이가 증가될수록 처오름높이는 감소함을 알 수 있었으며, 파형경사와 쇄파계수의 변화에 따른 처오름높이의 변화는 크지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2011

Eighteen different biometric traits in 407 Kankrej cows from their breeding zone, i.e. Palanpur district of Gujarat, India, were recorded and analyzed by factor analysis to explain body conformation. The averages of body length, height at withers, height at shoulder, height at knee, heart girth, paunch girth, face length, face width, horn length, horn diameter, distance between horns, ear length, ear width, neck length, neck diameter, tail length with switch, tail length without switch and distance between hip bones were $123.44{\pm}0.37$, $124.49{\pm}0.28$, $94.68{\pm}0.30$, $38.2{\pm}0.14$, $162.56{\pm}0.56$, $178.95{\pm}0.70$, $44.09{\pm}0.10$, $15.91{\pm}0.05$, $42.47{\pm}0.53$, $26.07{\pm}0.19$, $13.34{\pm}0.08$, $31.24{\pm}0.12$, $16.10{\pm}0.05$, $50.63{\pm}0.18$, $73.21{\pm}0.32$, $111.62{\pm}0.53$, $89.34{\pm}0.34$ and $17.28{\pm}0.10\;cm$, respectively. The correlation coefficients between different traits ranged from -0.806 (horn diameter and distance between horns) to 0.815 (heart girth and paunch girth). Most of the correlations were positive and significant. Factor analysis with promax rotation with power 3 revealed three factors which explained about 66.02% of the total variation. Factor 1 described the cow body and explained 38.89% of total variation. The second factor described the front view/face of the cow and explained 19.68% of total variation. The third factor described the back of the cow and explained 7.44% of total variation. It was necessary to include some more variables for factor 3 to obtain a reliable estimate of the back view of the cow. The lower communities shown for distance between horns, horn diameter, ear width and neck diameter indicated that these traits did not contribute effectively to explaining body conformation and can be dropped from recording, whereas all other traits are important and needed to explain body conformation in Kankrej cows. The result suggests that principal component analysis (PCA) could be used in breeding programs with a drastic reduction in the number of biometric traits to be recorded to explain body conformation.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2012

속초 연안에서 관측한 장기간의 파랑자료를 이용하여 다양한 파랑환경 특성을 분석하였다. 파랑환경 분석 결과 발견된 대표적인 특성은 다음과 같다. 파고 및 주기의 평균에 대한 변동계수는 각각 0.11, 0.02 정도로 주기 평균의 변동계수가 매우 낮은 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 변동주기 성분분석결과 1년 주기성분이 우세하였으며, 변동 범위는 0.24 m, 주기는 0.56초로 파악되었다. 계절 변동범위도 연간 변동범위보다 약 2배 정도 크다. 한편 파고 및 주기자료의 확률밀도함수를 추정한 결과, 단주기파의 파고 및 주기는 대수정규분포와 GEV 분포함수와 유사하며, 장 주기파의 경우, 파고는 대수정규분포, 주기는 GEV 분포함수와 유사하지만, KS 검정결과는 모두 기각으로 판정되었다. 파고 및 주기자료는 AR(3) 모형으로 추정된다. 파랑 강도를 분석한 결과는 연속 지속시간의 평균 및 최대지 속시간은 파고의 멱함수(power function) 함수로 감소하였으며, 전체 지속시간은 지수함수 형태로 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 또한 속초연안 환경은 전형적인 파랑 우세환경으로 파악되었다.