• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1970

In order to prepare digested Protein source for the Weanling Food from soybean, an attempt was made to decompose steamed soybean protein to amino acids and peptides by protease and cellulase produced from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus sojae. In this paper, the optimum condition for digestion of soybean protein were studied and also investigated the effects of decolorization of it. As the results, followings were obtained; 1. As steaming conditions, a treatment under 15 lb of pressure and 10 minutes of heating shows most effective. 2. The optimum pH of Asp, sojae enzyme for the digestion of soybean protein is 6.0, while that of Asp. niger enzyme is 4.4. In successievly-decomposing with Asp. sojae and Asp. niger, it shows the most effective on ratio of water-soluble-nitrogen to total nitrogen and amino-nitrogen to total nitrogen than any other separate treatments. 3. The suitable amount of the enzyme solution to that of the soybean substrate paste, in volume, is 1 : 2. 4. Digestion ratio of soybean protein indicates the gradual and steady effects of increasing time of digestion, but 8 hour-digestion regarding to putrefaction was suitable. 5. The most effective decolorization was successively passed on culumns of active carbon and anion exchanger (Dowex 2-x-8) at room temperature. In separate treatments, the effective order of decolorization was as follows; (Dowex 2-x-8)>Active carborn>Amberite IR-120 6. The powder type of the soy protein source obtained by concentration below $60^{\circ}C$ contains 12.51% of moisture, 66.31% of protein, 4.25% of fat, 12.75% of carbohydrate, 4.18% of ash.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2010

Recently, yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) is getting attention in Korea due to the fast growing and high yield and quality of lumber. But, it is thought that the color difference between heartwood and sapwood may restrict the practical use of it. This study was aimed to enhance the value of yellow poplar lumber by the color control using high temperature heat-treatment, which had been tried for domestic cedar (Kim et al., 2009). The material properties including surface color of yellow poplar lumber were evaluated according to heat treatment conditions. The difference of color between sapwood and heartwood could be reduced by heat treatment at a temperature about $200^{\circ}C$. Long heating time was more effective in reducing the difference. The Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) of heat-treated wood was as low as 50 percent of the control. The result obviously indicates that heat-treated wood is more dimensionally stable in the change of moisture condition. The durability against wood rotting fungi also increased by the heat-treated, but it was not so effective as the case of cedar. The changes of mechanical properties of heat-treated yellow poplar were very similar to that of heat-treated cedar. In order to develop new use of heat-treated yellow poplar, the changes of mechanical properties should be considered. There were no significant changes in microscopic structure which may cause changes in mechanical properties. Further study of heat-treated wood is needed to scrutinize the causes of changes of material properties.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.357-367
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• 2012

The efficient business scheme were suggested with the consideration of the local development condition at Ulaanbaatar. Major findings of the study were presented as follows. First, high level of education and the underground resources are presented as the merits of Mongolia. On the other side, the defects are limited domestic demands of 2.6 millions of population and the insufficiency of the infrastructure. The improvement of the infrastructures like roads, water & sewage, electric power, and heating is urgent while the development pressure of Ulaanbaatar is expected to be high due to the continuous inflow of population. Secondly, the Mongolian land system consists of the right of ownership, lease and use, therefore there are some differences among the right of land. Thirdly, definite business scheme to sell land in lots and to sell buildings in lots are suggested which are actual methods to participate in the development project in Ulaanbaatar. Moreover, enhancing the possibility to sell the lands, fixing the proper sale price to secure the profit, finding the proper buyer for the profitable lands, investing of quota and guaranteeing of granting the principal and interest by the Mongolian government, etc. are presented as consideration when participate in projects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2001

An invistigation was carried out to study the effects of heat treatment of garlic and storage temperature of garlic extracts on functional properties of garlic extracts. The garlic was heated at 40, 60, 80, 100, $120^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes and extracted with 50% ethanol. The extracts were stored at 4, 25 and $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 days, and then electron donating ability(EDA), nitrite-scavenging effects(NSE) and total thiosulfinates contents were determined. Among the functional properties, total thiosulfinates were rapidly reduced as the heating and storage temperature increased. The total thiosulfinates in the extracts were not detected for those heat-treated at 100 and $120^{\circ}C$. The EDAs were also decreased to almost half of their initial level by heat treatment of garlic at higher temperature than $80^{\circ}C$ while NSE was decreased a little. As the storage temperature increased, EDA and thiosulfinate contents decreased. Particularly the thiosulfinates were ditected none after 11 days of storage at $25^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$. Therefore, mild heat treatment of garlic at lower temperature than $60^{\circ}C$ and storage at refrigerated condition are recommendable for preparation and storage of garlic extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.65-86
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• 1990

Living conditions of the rural elderly were assessed in terms of clothing behavior, health and nutritional status, housing and envioronmental condition, and psychological adjustment. The subjects were eighty individuals over sixty residing in the rural community of Iksan-kun, Chollabukdo. The interview method using questionnaires, direct measurement, and observation was used for this study. Data were compared with those obtained from a previous study of the elderly residing in an urban area. Clothing behavior showed that the elderly residing in the rural community were more concerned about plain and conservative design of clothes than their urban counterparts. Special protective clothes for cropdusting with agricultural chemicals had not been prepared. The following urgent needs were pointed out: development and supply of agricultural chemical protective clothing and development and education of appropriate washing and clothing care methods. The health status of the elderly was generally good, but poor eating habits were found more frequently in the rural elderly than among the urban dwellers. Several dietary nutrient intakes were insufficient. Contrasting the urban elderly with the rural group, it was found that the urban group lacked sufficient vitamin A and vitamin C and the urban women had insufficient calorie whereas the rural group was deficient in protein, vitamin A, calorie, and fat. A significant relationship was found between dietary nutrient intake and health index, food habit points, self recognized health status, meal satisfaction, and economic status. Urgent needs of the development of a nutrition education program for the elderly were pointed out. Most of elderly residing in the surveyed rural communities were living alone or with their spouse only, therefore only one room was used among the three or four available rooms. Most of the rural elderly were living either in a traditional Korean house built with differing floor levels or in a modified Korean style house. Minimal modernization had been made for kitchen facilities such as sink and gas range or for heating facilities with the briquette boiler. However, sanitary space such as lavatory and bathroom had not been remodeled. A housing welfare program for rural communities should be implemented at the national level. The comparison of psychological characteristics of the rural elderly with their city counterparts revealed that the rural elderly have a more stable psychological status and optimistic attitude than those living in a city. However, it was found that most of the elderly did not have any future plan. Community programs for the elderly including hobbies or leisure activities or education programs to generate close interpersonal relationships with their children should be developed and provided.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.703-711
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the quality and organoleptic properties of dehydrated onions with steaming and heating. Sliced onions were treated as follows: steaming time ($X_1$, 5~25 min); drying temperature ($X_2$, $55{\sim}70^{\circ}C$) and drying time ($X_3$, 4~20 hr). All the variables were modelled and analyzed using a central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). The coefficients ($R^2$) of the water content and water activity model induced from RSM were 0.9514 (p<0.01) and 0.9455 (p<0.01), respectively. The water content and water activity were affected by the drying temperature and time. The $R^2$ on the models of Hunter's L, a, b values were 0.9419 (p<0.05), 0.8818 (p<0.01) and 0.9360 (p<0.01), respectively. Hunter's L, a, b values were affected by the drying temperature and time, but Hunter's b value was not affected by the steaming time. In addition, the $R^2$ on the models of overall palatability was 0.8867 (p<0.05). The maximum palatability response was 5.92 when the steaming time was 13.14 min, the drying temperature was $63.11^{\circ}C$ and the drying time was 14.49 hr.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.330-339
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• 2009

The material properties of Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) were evaluated according to heat treatment conditions. The special focus was made on the color control of cedar wood by heat treatment. The difference of color between sapwood and heartwood could be reduced by heat treatment at a temperature above $170^{\circ}C$. Long heating time was more effective in reducing the difference. The Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) of heat-treated wood was as low as 50 percent. The result obviously indicates that heat-treated wood is more dimensionally stable in the change of moisture condition than the control. The heat-treated wood was also effective in increasing the durability against wood rotting fungi. However, more study is required to develop heat treatment as an environmentally-friendly technology for wood preservation without chemical. The mechanical properties of heat-treated wood showed relatively higher performance than the control in general. Meanwhile the dramatic decrease in impact bending stress due to the loss of ductility may limit uses of heat-treated wood in certain cases. There were no significant changes in microscopic structure which may cause changes in mechanical properties. Further study on the chemical analysis of heat-treated wood is needed to scrutinize the causes of changes of material properties.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.544-548
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• 1997

Effects of four kinds of phosphate complex on the water holding capacity(W.H.C) and protein solubility of yellow-corvenia(Pseudosciance manchurica) and hair tail(Trichurus lepturns) meat paste were investigated. The formulations of four kinds of phosphate complex employed to this experiment were made by mixing several phosphates such as sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyro-phosphate, sodium acid pyro-phosphate, potassium pyro-phosphate, sodium tetra meta-phosphate, sodium ultra meta-phosphate and sodium hexa meta-phosphate, and monoglyceride at different mixture ratios. Among the four kinds of phosphate complex, phosphate B complex which was formulated by mixing sodium poly-phosphate 50%, sodium pyro-phosphate 20%, sodium tetra meta-phosphate 20%, sodium acid pyrophosphate 5% and sodium ultra meta-phosphate 5% was most effective on enhancing the W.H.C and protein solubility of yellow corvenia meat paste, and in case of hair tail meat paste, phosphate C complex which was formulated by mixing sodium poly-phosphate 40%, sodium pyro-phosphate 30%, potassium pyro-phosphate 15%, sodium tetra meta-phosphate 10%, and sodium hexa meta-phosphate 5% was more effective than other phosphate complex, and their optimum addition level was 0.4% respectively in weight of fish meat paste. Texture characteristics such as hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness value of Kamaboko(fish meat paste product) were evaluated as best when 0.3% of phosphate B complex was added. The optimum cooking condition of Kamaboko to get good texture was heating for 45 minutes at 85$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.94-103
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• 1988

Diamond anvil cell (DAC) interfaced with a YAG laser heating system has been used to study the phase transformations on perovskite structured titanates ($BaTiO_3$, and $PbTiO_3$) and to synthesize the silicate perovskite phase from the orthopyroxenes of $MgSiO_3$ and $(Mg_{0.87},\;Fe_{0.13})SiO_3$. $BaTiO_3$ and $PbTiO_3$ transform from tetragonal phase to cubic at the pressures of approximately 2.6 GPa and 4.0 GPa at room temperature, respectively. Cubic phases of the both show wide range of stability in the extended in-situ high pressures and high temperature regions. Starting orthoenstatite of $MgSiO_3$ has yielded the perovskite phase as the major structure with ilmenite, gamma-spinel, betta-spinel and stishovite phases at ~38 GPa and ${\sim}1,000^{\circ}C$. $(Mg_{0.87},\;Fe_{0.13})SiO_3$ has shown the perovskite as the major phase with betta-spinel, stishovite and enstatite phases at ~35 GPa and ${\sim}1,000^{\circ}C$. The ilmenite phase does not occur at this condition.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2013

Recently, it is certain that the increase of heating and cooling energy consumption by radical change in climate condition has caused serious problems related to environmental and energy concerns associated with increase of fossil fuel usage and carbon dioxide production as well as global warming. So, various actions to reduce greenhouse gas exhaustion and energy consumption have been prepared by world developed countries. Our government has also been trying to seek energy control methods for houses and buildings by proclaiming political polices on low-carbon green growth and construction and performance standards for environment-friendly housing. The energy consumption by buildings approximately reaches 25% of total korea energy consumption, and the increasing rate of energy consumption by buildings is stiffer than the rate by the other industries. The greatest part in the buildings of the energy consumption is building facade. While lots of research projects for reducing energy consumption of the facade have been conducted, but a few research projects on concrete comprising more than 70% of outsider of buildings has been tried. This research presents here a study to improve the insulation property of structural concrete formed by micro form admixture (MFA) with experimentally reviewing the physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics of the concrete. As the results of this experiment, in the case of concrete mixed with MFA, slump loss has been improved. As the mixing ratio of MFA increases, the compressive strength is decreased and thermal conductivity is increased. Also it was found that water-cement ratio increases, the compressive strength is decreased and thermal conductivity is increased. but, there was not big influence by the change of fine aggregate ratio.