• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

The aim of this study was the non-destructive evaluation of bloody eggs using VIS/NIR spectroscopy. The bloody egg samples used to develop the sorting mode were produced by injecting chicken blood into the edges of egg yolks. Blood amounts of 0.1, 0.7, 0.04, and 0.01 mL were used for the bloody egg samples. The wavelength range for the VIS/NIR spectroscopy was 471 to 1154 nm, and the spectral resolution was 1.5nm. For the measurement system, the position of the light source was set to $30^{\circ}$, and the distance between the light source and samples was set to 100 mm. The minimum exposure time of the light source was set to 30 ms to ensure the fast sorting of bloody eggs and prevent heating damage of the egg samples. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used for the spectral data obtained from VIS/NIR spectroscopy. The classification accuracies of the sorting models developed with blood samples of 0.1, 0.07, 0.04, and 0.01 mL were 97.9%, 98.9%, 94.8%, and 86.45%, respectively. In this study, a novel nondestructive sorting technique was developed to detect bloody brown eggs using spectral data obtained from VIS/NIR spectroscopy.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.319-329
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• 2017

In this study, formaldehyde concentrations in two exhibition halls were monitored using a passive sampler from May 2012 to April 2013. Formaldehyde concentrations in the exhibition halls were 5 to 36 times higher than concentrations outdoors. Concentrations inside the exhibition room and showcase varied according to pollutant source, HVAC(heating, ventilation, air conditioning)system and environment management. The formaldehyde concentration levels were corrected according to a standard method prescribed by Indoor Air Quality Management Law of the Ministry of Environment, Korea. As a result, Most concentration levels exceeded the exhibition standard of the Ministry of Environment($100{\mu}g/m^3$) and artifacts conservation standard of Tokyo National Museum($50{\mu}g/m^3$). Seasonal concentrations in the exhibition room and showcase were in the order summer>fall>spring>winter. Formaldehyde emissions increased in summer when air temperature and relative humidity are both high. Formaldehyde concentration distribution according to the temperature and relative humidity showed positive correlation. Air temperature showed good correlation because $R^2$ was in the range of 0.8~0.9. Analysis of formaldehyde emission characteristics in the exhibition hall would be helpful in efforts to improve indoor air quality.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to find out problems through looking into the actual condition of management and the extent of application in cooking practice in High School Home Economics Education, and as a practical subject, to present some basic materials to contribute to accomplishing the object of High School Home Economics Education through trying to find a direction to enhance educational value. The contents of this study are these ： to study with a theoretical background character, object, and contents of Home Economics referring to related books and to investigate the actual condition of management, the extent of application to life of cooking practice unit, and standard of recognition of students and teachers about this subject and to find out rational and efficient method of management. 552 girl students and 72 home economics teachers in cities and counties in Kangwon-do were asked to answer the answer-sheet prepared. The result of this study is summerized as follows. 1. Most of the respondent regard the characters and objects of Home Economics as a matter of basic education, education for life, and education for the wholeman, but they neglect the aspect of education for a course of this subject. 2. Among the contents of Home Economics, students are much interested in the Unit of preparing table, especially in cooking. Most of the teachers teach the cooking unit with only explanation without practice because of the lack of material and human resources. 3. Students have desire to do cooking practice, but the extent of application of their real life appears to be low. 4. It appears to be necessary that boy students as well as girl students should learn Home Economics as an education for preparation for managing housework. 5. Home Economics teachers are mostly satisfied with their teaching profession. But teachers who have been teaching for 3 or 5 years appear not to be satisfied with it. 6. Although Home Economics teachers can teach Cooking practice Unit with confidence, they usually do it with theory rater than with practice, and they evaluate it after practicing, but most of them do not add the result to the student’s grade. 7. They use most of the cookers fixed on the standard list of High School Cooking Practice appliances, but they seldom use electric heating cookers.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2011

This study was carried out in order to reduce the amount of underground water which is used in the double layered single span plastic greenhouse for retaining heat. For this research, two plastic green houses of the double layered single span plastic greenhouse were installed. There was equipped of internal small tunnel for keeping warm air in the interior of the house. Then the internal small tunnel for keeping warm air was fitted with PVC duct of 50 cm in diameter filled with subsurface water. The surplus solar energy in the greenhouse was stored in the water in the PVC duct. Four FCUs (Fan Coil Unit), which has the capacity of 8,000 kcal per hour, were installed in the middle of the house, and a circulation motor in heat storage water tank was operated from 10:30 a.m. to 16:00 p.m. in order to circulate water between the water tank and the FCUs. Consequently about 5 degrees celsius could be maintained in the interior of the internal small tunnel for keeping warm air with the external temperature of lower than minus 5 degrees celsius. It appeared that the alteration of an internal temperature of the house was flexible depending on the sunlight during daytime. To prevent the water freezing, mixing antifreezing liquid in the water or operating FCU continuously was needed. Also, in order to use the surplus solar thermal energy on plastic green house of water curtain system efficiently, storing the surplus heat during daytime simultaneously finding a method of using water curtain systematic underground water happened to be important. As a result of this research, when the house's interior temperature is below zero the operation of FCU appeared to be impossible. Considering the amount of water used in the house with water-curtain-heating system is 150~200 ton per day, using the system mentioned in this research showed that reducing the underground water more than 80% in order to maintain the internal temperature as the level of 5 degree celsius at the extreme temperature of minus 5 degrees celsius.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.92-99
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• 2017

In Korea, the zero energy building was designated as the 7 new industries in the Ministry of Land and the 8 new industries in the Ministry of Industry. In order to maximize the insulation performance of the building envelope, improve the efficiency of building equipment, We are aiming. It is necessary to analyze the energy requirements of the buildings (cooling, heating, hot water supply, lighting, ventilation) of buildings with energy efficiency level of 1++ which is equivalent to the zero energy building certification system in Korea, It is aimed to be used as basic data for the advancement of energy building certification system. Zero Energy Building certification is estimated to be 61 buildings by 2017, and the approximate reference value and the first energy requirement for each of the five loads are calculated considering passive and active aspects. It is difficult to say that it is a clear standard because there is a small sample of data for calculating the load standard. However, it is necessary to interpret various methods in order to upgrade the Zero Energy Building certification standard in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.147-151
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• 1994

Hydrogen donating activities(HDA) of solvent extracts of Hololeion maximowiczii roots which were treated with freeze drying, hot air drying and hot air drying after steam blanching were investigated by the method of ${\alpha},{\alpha}'$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH). Hydrogen donating activity of hot air drying after steam blanching group showed the highest activity among three drying methods. Among the extracts of freeze dried root extracted with various solvents, color intensity at 420 nm of aqueous extract was highest, but hydrogen donating activity was shown in order of 50%, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, water extracts. By heating the powder of freeze dried root at $100^{\circ}C$, color intensity of its water extract was decreased until 20 min, thereafter it was increased slowly but hydrogen donating activity was rapidly increased until 30 min. Hydrogen donating activity at the concentration of 6.05 mg/ml of 50% alcohol extract was similar to that of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ at the concentration of $2{\times}10^{-4}M$. Comparison of hydrogen donating activity of the inner and outer solution after dialysis of water extract showed that the outer solution had a stronger hydrogen donating activity than those of the inner one.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2000

The heat transportation from a complex of industry to a rural area needs more efficient method because the distance between them is usually more than 10km. Conventional heat transportation using steam or hot water via pipe line has limits in transportation distance (about 3~5 km) because of the heat loss and frictional loss in the pipe line. Metal hydride can absorb or discharge hydrogen through exothermic or endothermic reaction. After releasing hydrogen from metal hydride by means of the waste heat from industry, we can transport this hydrogen to urban area via pipe line. In urban areas, other metal alloy reacts with this hydrogen to form metal hydride and produces heat for heating. Cool heat is also obtained if it is possible to use metal hydride with low reaction temperature. Therefore, metal hydride can be used as a media for transportation and storage of heat. $MmNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}Zr_{0.003}$, $LaNi_5$, $Zr_{0.9}Ti_{0.1}Cr_{0.6}Fe_{1.4}$, $MmNi_{4.7}Al_{0.1}Fe_{0.1}V_{0.1}$ alloys were selected for this purpose and the properties of those metal hydrides were discussed. The design and control techniques were proposed and discussed for this heat transportation system using metal hydride.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.65-86
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• 1990

Living conditions of the rural elderly were assessed in terms of clothing behavior, health and nutritional status, housing and envioronmental condition, and psychological adjustment. The subjects were eighty individuals over sixty residing in the rural community of Iksan-kun, Chollabukdo. The interview method using questionnaires, direct measurement, and observation was used for this study. Data were compared with those obtained from a previous study of the elderly residing in an urban area. Clothing behavior showed that the elderly residing in the rural community were more concerned about plain and conservative design of clothes than their urban counterparts. Special protective clothes for cropdusting with agricultural chemicals had not been prepared. The following urgent needs were pointed out: development and supply of agricultural chemical protective clothing and development and education of appropriate washing and clothing care methods. The health status of the elderly was generally good, but poor eating habits were found more frequently in the rural elderly than among the urban dwellers. Several dietary nutrient intakes were insufficient. Contrasting the urban elderly with the rural group, it was found that the urban group lacked sufficient vitamin A and vitamin C and the urban women had insufficient calorie whereas the rural group was deficient in protein, vitamin A, calorie, and fat. A significant relationship was found between dietary nutrient intake and health index, food habit points, self recognized health status, meal satisfaction, and economic status. Urgent needs of the development of a nutrition education program for the elderly were pointed out. Most of elderly residing in the surveyed rural communities were living alone or with their spouse only, therefore only one room was used among the three or four available rooms. Most of the rural elderly were living either in a traditional Korean house built with differing floor levels or in a modified Korean style house. Minimal modernization had been made for kitchen facilities such as sink and gas range or for heating facilities with the briquette boiler. However, sanitary space such as lavatory and bathroom had not been remodeled. A housing welfare program for rural communities should be implemented at the national level. The comparison of psychological characteristics of the rural elderly with their city counterparts revealed that the rural elderly have a more stable psychological status and optimistic attitude than those living in a city. However, it was found that most of the elderly did not have any future plan. Community programs for the elderly including hobbies or leisure activities or education programs to generate close interpersonal relationships with their children should be developed and provided.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2020

Because the inner environment of greenhouse has a direct impact on crop production, many studies have been performed to develop technologies for controlling the environment in the greenhouse. However, it is difficult to apply the technology developed to all greenhouses because those studies were conducted through empirical experiments in specific greenhouses. It takes a lot of time and cost to develop the models that can be applicable to all greenhouse in real situation. Therefore studies are underway to solve this problem using computer-based simulation techniques. In this study, a model was developed to predict the inner environment of glass greenhouse using CFD simulation method. The developed model was validated using primary and secondary heating experiment and daytime greenhouse inner temperature data. As a result of comparing the measured and predicted value, the mean temperature and uniformity were 2.62℃ and 2.92%p higher in the predicted value, respectively. R² was 0.9628, confirming that the measured and the predicted values showed similar tendency. In the future, the model needs to improve by applying the shape of the greenhouse and the position of the inner heat exchanger for efficient thermal energy management of the greenhouse.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.51-56
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• 2006

Polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) with ITO/EDOT:PSS/PVK/PFO-poss/LiF/Al structures were prepared by the spin coating method on ITO(indium tin oxide)/glass substrates. PFO-poss[Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) end capped with poss] was used as light emitting polymer. PVK[poly(N-vinyl carbazole)] and PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfolnate)] polymers were used as the hole injection and transport materials. The effect of PFO-poss concentration and the heating temperatures on the electrical and optical properties of the devices were investigated. At the same concentration of PFO-poss solution, the current density and luminance of PLED device tend to increase as the annealing temperature increase from $100^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$. The maximum luminance was found to be about 958 cd/m2 at 13V for the PLED device with 1.0 wt% PFO-poss at the annealing temperature of $200^{\circ}C$. In addition, the PLED device showed bluish white emission through the strong greenish peak with 523 nm in wavelength. As the concentration of PFO-poss increase from 0.5 wt% to 1.0 wt% and temperature of PLEDs increase from $100^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$, the emission color tend to be shifted from blue with (x, y) = (0.17,0.14) to bluish white with (x, y) : (0.29,0.41) in CIE color coordinate.