• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 2002

C-fos는 원종양유전자(proto-oncogene)인 v-fos의 세포 동족체로써, 성장인자나 신경전달 물질에 의해 수분 내에 다양한 형태의 세포에서 활성화된다. Fos단백질은 스트레스와 통증 과정의 신호전달기전에서 세포활동을 조절하는 3차전령으로 활동한다. 열충격 단백질(Heat shock protein : 이하 HSP)은 계통발생학적으로 초기 척추 동물에서부터 발현되며 생체방어체계의 중요한 인자로 세포가 고열, 외상, 허혈 등의 스트레스에 직면했을 때 발현이 증가하는 단백질로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 캡사이신(capsaicin)으로 말초 신경병변을 유발시킨 후 통각신경활성의 지표로 이용되는 원종양 유전자인 c-fos의 발현과 열 또는 스트레스로 야기되는 손상에 대한 조직의 방어작용으로 발현되는 HSP 70의 발현을 동시에 관찰함으로서, 급성으로 유발된 말초 신경병변의 확인과 동시에 실험동물 체내에서 방어적인 역할을 밝히는 일환으로 이 실험을 실시하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다; 1. 척수 등쪽뿔 천층(Laminae I and II)에서 각각 c-fos와 HSP70을 항원으로 하는 면역조직화학적 방법으로 염색한 표본에서 0.9% NaCI 투여 2시간 후 c-fos와 HSP70의 양성을 나타내는 세포는 전혀 없음을 알 수 있었다. 2. 척수 등쪽뿔 천층에서 c-fos 단백질을 항원으로 하는 면역조직화학적 방법으로 염색한 표본에서 Capsaicin 투여 2시간 후 c-fos 단백질에 양성을 나타내는 세포가 많이 발현됨을 육안적 관찰로서 알 수 있었다. 3. 척수 등쪽뿔 천층에서 HSP70을 항원으로 하는 면역조직화확적 방법으로 염색한 표본에서 Capsaicin 투여 2시간 후 HSP7O의 양성을 나타내는 세포가 보통수준으로 발현됨을 육안적 관찰로서 알 수 있었다. 이 실험의 결과로 볼 때, 화학적인 신경병변 유발물질에 의한 손상을 방어하기 위해서 체내에는 내인성 물질이 형성될 것이라는 추측과 c-fos 가 다른 유전자의 발현을 유도한다는 점을 함께 고려 하였을때, Capsaicin에 의한 말초 신경병변에서 c-fos 발현이 많이 나타나는 것은 손상을 방어하는 물질의 생성에 관여하기 때문이며, 방어물질 중 이 실험에서 본 HSP70도 증가한 내인성 방어물질의 하나라고 할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2015

We compared the degrees of stress response of 12 domestic purebred chicken strains that have been bred at National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Korea since 1980. As a physiological marker of stress response, the expression levels of heat shock protein (HSP)-70, HSP-$90{\alpha}$, HSP-$90{\beta}$, hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) genes and telomere length were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using the lymphocytes of 1,101 chickens. There was significant difference in HSP-70, HSP-$90{\alpha}$, HMGCR expression and telomere length among the strains. There was also significant difference in HSP-$90{\alpha}$, HSP-$90{\beta}$, and HMGCR expression between male and female chickens. Different age groups of chicken exhibited different expression levels of HSP-70, HSP-$90{\alpha}$ and telomere length. The results of the HSPs expression level suggested that, the strains of R, L and Y were highly resistant to stress, whereas the strains of S, O and W were susceptible to stress. Although the statistical differences in some of HSPs gene expression existed between genders, the HSP expression results varied in different strains that some opposed to the others, and there might be interaction between strains and genders, which conclude that there was no difference in stress response between male and female chickens. Moreover, despite of significant difference in some of HSPs expression level, it was considered that there was no difference in stress response between ages due to the inconsistent trends among HSP markers.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA variation in hepatopancreas of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) cultured under several acute water temperatures. Abalones were cultured at 10, 15, 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$, for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The HSP70 mRNA expression in hepatopancreas was more increased at $30^{\circ}C$ compared to those at 10. 15, 20 (control) and $25^{\circ}C$. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in hepato-pancreas at all water temperature conditions compared to the control ($20^{\circ}C$). The SOD activity at high water temperature (25 and $30^{\circ}C$) tended to be increased after 12 hours, and was increased immediately after exposure to low water temperature (10 and $15^{\circ}C$). and then was recovered to starting level after the increase. Also, catalase (CAT) activity in hepatopancreas was increased in all the groups except for at $10^{\circ}C$ than the control ($20^{\circ}C$). Survival rate of abalone was $100\%$ at 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$, but $92\%$ at $30^{\circ}C$. Thus, according to our study, when abalone is appeared at $20^{\circ}C$, defense mechanism against stress at low water temperature can be accelerated to be stabilized at about $5^{\circ}C$. In the case of exposure of abalone to high water temperature, antioxidant enzyme and HSP70 expression were increased due to elevated physiological stimulation factor, such as temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1404-1410
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• 2008

This study was performed to clarify whether the variation of stress related heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) (GenBank X68213) gene was associated with the nuclear morphological change of in vitro maturation and in vitro capacitation in oocytes of pig ovaries obtained at the slaughterhouse. The nucleic acid substitution of C to G at the 483rd position was found out in HSP70 K1 (290-512) from X68213. The ovaries were categorized into CC, CG, and GG genotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) (BsiHKA I). After the second in vitro maturation of immature fresh oocytes, the relation of nuclear morphological change in oocytes with the genotype of HSP70 K1 gene was such that the MII ratios of the genotype GG and CG (46.93% and 42.20%, respectively) were significantly higher than that of the CC genotype (10.71%) (p<0.05). With respect to in vitro maturation of frozen-thawed oocytes by an open pulled straw (OPS) method, the percentage of oocytes matured to MII stage of the CG genotype showed a higher trend than CC and GG genotypes. After the in vitro maturation of immature fresh oocytes and frozen-thawed oocytes by the OPS method, the relation of the pronuclei change in oocytes matured in vitro with HSP70 genotype was assessed, and the result showed that the enlarged sperm heads (ESH) of matured fresh oocytes and frozen-thawed oocytes were 80.0% and 60.0% in the CC genotype, respectively. The CC genotype group had a significantly higher rate of ESH than the CG and the GG genotype group (p<0.05). The ratios of polyspermic invasion were not different among HSP70 of the three genotypes. It was considered that the rate of in vitro maturation of fertilized oocytes was expected to differ according to genotype of the stress related gene.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5849-5855
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine pretreatment effects of moderate-term endurance training before the various dosages (10 and $20{_{mg.kg}}^{-1}$) of DOX on a heat shock protein ($HSP_{70kda}$) and cardiotoxicity in heart tissue. Methods: Forty-eight male rats were randomly assigned to nontraining (NT) and training (T) groups and three subgroups; $DOX{_{10mg.kg}}^{-1}$ and $DOX{_{20mg.kg}}^{-1}$ and saline treatment. The training program included treadmill running between 25-39 min/day and 15-17 m/min, 5 days/wk for 3 wk. Result: DOX administration, in particularly with $20{_{mg.kg}}^{-1}$, caused up-regulation of oxidants and cardiac damage (MDA, CK, CPK-MB and CK/CPK-MB) and down-regulation of cardioprotection ($HSP_{70}$, SOD) markers, as compared to NT+saline group. Pretreatment effect of treadmill running endurance exercise in the presence of DOX with $10{_{mg.kg}}^{-1}$ caused a significant increase in $HSP_{70}$, SOD and a significant decrease in MDA and insignificant decrease in CK, CPK-MB and CK/CPK-MB, in comparison $T+DOX_{10}$ with $NT+DOX_{10}$ group. However, there was no significant difference between $T+DOX{_{10mg.kg}}^{-1}$ and $T+DOX{_{20mg.kg}}^{-1}$ in the aforesaid markers. Conclusion: Dox-induced cardiotoxicity is related to oxidative stress. Our study suggests that pretreatment with endurance exercise may be considered as a potentially useful strategy to improve myocardial tolerance against single dose DOX-induced oxidative damage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.919-925
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• 2018

Objective: The performance, health, and behaviour of cattle can be strongly affected by climate. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of heat stress on blood parameters, blood proteins (haptoglobin [Hp]; heat shock protein 70 [HSP70]), rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR) and rumination time in Korean native beef calves. Methods: Thirty-two Korean native beef calves were randomly assigned to 8 groups with 4 animals per group. They were kept in environmental condition with temperature-humidity index (THI) ranging from 70.01 to 87.72 in temperature-humidity controlled chamber for 7 days. Results: Their HR, RT, and serum cortisol and HSP70 levels were increased (p<0.05) in high THI compared to those at low THI. But, serum Hp level was decreased (p<0.05) in high THI compared to these at low THI. In addition, HR, RT, serum cortisol and HSP70 were positively correlated with THI ($R^2=0.8368$, p<0.01; $R^2=0.6162$, p<0.01; $R^2=0.581$, p<0.01; $R^2=0.2241$, p = 0.0062, respectively). There was also positive association between HR and cortisol ($R^2=0.4697$, p<0.01). Similarly, RT and cortisol were positively associated ($R^2=0.4581$, p<0.01). But, THI and HR were negatively correlated with Hp ($R^2=0.2157$, p = 0.02; $R^2=0.3362$, p = 0.003). Hematology and metabolites results were different among treatment groups. Standing position was higher (p<0.05) in the high THI group compared to that in the low THI group. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that HR, RT, blood parameters (Cortisol, HSP70, Hp) and standing position are closely associated with heat stress. These parameters can be consolidated to develop THI chart for Korean native beef calves.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the effects of light spectra on physiology stress and DNA damage in juvenile rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs; green, 520 nm; red, 630 nm) at two intensities (0.25 and $0.5W/m^2$ ) with application of thermal stress (25 and $30^{\circ}C$). We measured the mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and the levels of plasma cortisol, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT). Additionally, DNA damage was measured using comet assays. Our findings showed that HSP70 mRNA expression and plasma cortisol, glucose, AspAT, and AlaAT levels were significantly higher after exposure to high temperatures and were significantly lower after exposure to green LED light. Thus, although high water temperatures induced stress in juvenile rock bream, green LED light inhibited stress. In particular, green LED light reduced stress and DNA damage to a greater degree than other light sources.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1131-1136
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• 2003

To examine whether salt stress would alter or not contractility of isolated rat aorta, under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital(50 mg kg-1 i.p.), male Sprague Dawley rats(300-330 g) were subjected to 0, 50, and 150 mM of sodium chloride at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. where as the sham group was left at modified Krebs-bicarbonate solution. To measure contractile response of vascular ring preparation isolated from rat was determined in organ bath and was recorded on physiograph connected to isometric transducer. And the strip was checked for expression of heat shock protein(Hsp) by Western blotting. One, three and eight hours later, we measured vascular contractility of isolated rat aorta treated with KCI, phenylephrine from organ bath study. The dose-vascular responses of potassium chloride and phenylephrine showed a little augmentation by NaCl concentration in the strips exposed to NaCl for 8 hours. And the response of relaxation induced by nitroprusside and acetylcholine was not influenced by NaCl stress in isolated aorta ring for 8 hours, respectively. Expression pattern of Hsp 70 of vascular muscle in isolated rat aorta showed a little increase in 150 mM NaCl group at 8 hours after NaCl treatment but not at 3 hours, and Hsp 60 expression of rat aorta was markedly increased in 50 mM NaCl group at 8 hours after NaCl treatment. Taken together, NaCl induced dose-and time dependent accumulation of the Hsp but not affected contraction of rat aorta. These data suggest that short term high salt stress was not sufficient to induce hypertension of rat aorta.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.320-329
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• 2023

Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal found in the aquatic environment, accumulates in organisms through the food chain. In the study, we investigated the survival rates, measurement of body Cd levels, and expression analysis of the stress response genes (Heat shock protein 70: HSP70 and Heat shock protein 60: HSP60) and antioxidant enzyme Glutathione S-Transferases (GST) on benthic oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex exposed three concentrations of Cd, to analyze the bioaccumulation and changes of stress gene expressions to exposure toxicity of the Cd-spiked sediment. Survival rates of T. tubifex exposed to the Cdspiked sediment were 93% at 0.4 mg kg^-1 Cd, 96% at 1.87 mg kg^-1 Cd, and 93% at 6.09 mg kg^-1 Cd for 10 days. Cd concentration in the body of T. tubifex was higher than that in the sediment. After Cd exposures for 10 days, the body Cd levels were 18.4 mg kg^-1, 13.06 mg kg^-1, and 79.11 mg kg^-1 at exposed three concentrations of Cd, respectively. Upregulation of HSP70 gene expression was observed at all concentrations of exposed Cd as a time-dependent manner, whereas transcriptional expression of the HSP60 gene increased as a timedependent manner in T. tubifex exposed to the relative high concentration (6.09 mg kg^-1) of Cd. However, GST gene expression increased on day 1 at all concentrations after Cd exposures, and then downregulated until 10 days. These results indicate to ecotoxicological and molecular effects in benthic oligochaete worm T. tubifex to Cd-spiked sediment and provide the basic information for the utilization of environmental toxicity assessment using the T. tubifex as a aquatic pollution indicator species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to characterize equine heat-shock protein (Hsp) genes and analyze their expression pattern in various horse tissues and blood leukocytes after exercise. In a previous study, RNA sequencing of blood and skeletal muscles of thoroughbreds before and after exercise was performed using differently expressed gene (DEG) analysis. Three Hsp genes (HspH1, Hsp90${\alpha}$ and Hsp70) were selected by DEG analysis and were found to be differentially expressed in either blood or muscle. To validate and extend previous observations on these genes, we performed RT-PCR analyses of horse tissue as well as real-time qPCR analyses of blood leukocytes after exercise. mRNA expression of these Hsp genes was found to be ubiquitous in the analyzed tissues (including thyroid, colon, skeletal muscle, cecum, kidney, spinal cord, heart, and lung). In addition, Hsp mRNA expression of these genes in extracted whole blood increased after 120 minutes of exercise compared to the baseline condition. These results are in agreement with the results of human and other experimental animals, suggesting that regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for upregulation of Hsp gene transcription may be conserved among species. Further investigations to correlate Hsp gene expression patterns with athletic performance or recovery processes after exercise are warranted.