• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2011

In this study, we have measured the charring rate of solid sawn timber as a preceding step for develop performance based fire safety design method of wood framed building structures. The follows are the summary of fire test results carried out with $400{\times}400$ mm cross-section Douglas-fir in varied of thickness and grain directions. I) When the timber thickness increase under same dimension, the charring rate decreases gradually. It is seemed the charring layer up on a thickness roles as a insulation, gives combustion delaying time to specimen. 2) The charring rates measured at different depths (10, 20, 30, 40 mm) in timber which varying thickness (20, 40, 80, 120 mm) when exposed maximum 1 hour standard fire increase by 30 mm depth, but decrease at 40 mm. It is seemed the minimum charr layer should be 30 mm for having role of insulation. 3) The charring rate of cross section surface (direction of perpendicular to grain) was more high than that of grain direction. It can be explained by the cracks and gaps from greater charr contraction made more heat flux incident into timber.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2004

Basic properties of artificial lightweight aggregate by using waste dusts and strength properties of LWA concrete were studied. Bulk specific gravity and water absorption of artificial lightweight aggregates varied from 1.4 to 1.7 and 13 to 16%, respectively. Crushing ratio of artificial lightweight aggregate was above 10% higher than that of crushed stone or gravel. As a result of TCLP leaching test, the leaching amount of tested heavy metal element was below the leaching standard of hazardous material. Slump, compressive strength and stress-strain properties of LWA concrete made of artificial lightweight aggregate were tested. Concrete samples derived from LWA substitution ratio of 30 vol% and W/C ratio of 45 wt% showed the best properties overall. Thermal insulation and sound insulation characteristics of light weight concrete panel with the optimum concrete proportion were tested. Average overall heat transmission of 3.293W/㎡$^{\circ}C$ was observed. It was higher by about 15% than those of normal concrete made by crushed stone. Sound transmission loss of 50.9 ㏈ in frequency of 500 ㎐ was observed. It was higher by about 13% than standard transmission loss.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2017

Factors of Zero-Energy Building are divided into active and passive factor. Passive factor means insulation, heat bridge of building like insulation, windows and doors, awning, outside etc. and active factor means energy output and efficiency coefficient. Energy output of active factor is achieved by new generating energy. This study anticipated how many effects will be produced when not new generating energy but Vehicle to Building; V2B, bi-directional charging and discharging technology, is applied to Zero-Energy Building. In new generating energy, power generation will be anticipated by geography and climate, but in V2B, several input variable like user's discharging intention and number of usable charger etc. should be considered. We can check how much V2B contribute to the Zero-Energy Building by anticipated results, and that results should be anticipated by using probabilitic method because there is few statistical data. This study anticipate change of charging and discharging pattern, based by Demand Response slot, by using monte carlo method among the probabilitic methods.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.410-418
• /
• 2005

PCBs had numerous uses such as hydraulic fluid, heat exchange fluid, sealant, lubricant, and carbonless copy paper. They are most likely found in electric utilities, power stations, industrial facilities, electronic manufacturing plants, petrochemical plants, railroad systems, electric equipment repair facilities, mining sites (active or abandoned), and military camps. Due to its outstanding chemical and thermal stabilities and electrical insulation properties, the commercial and industrial products of PCBs, such as Aroclors, Kaneclors, Clophens, Phenaclors etc., had been widely used as thermal oil and transformer oil from 1930s until the 1970s. The transformer oils were analyzed as a main source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) emission into the environment. Qualitative estimation of oil extracts as carried out with Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260. The transformer oils contained the pure and mixed of Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1254, and Aroclor 1260. Also, commercial screening kit of 20 ppm and 50 ppm were applied to the transformer oil samples.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.309-315
• /
• 2012

Metal foam has many excellent properties, such as light weight, incombustibility, good thermal insulation, sound absorption, energy absorption, and environmental friendliness. It has two types of macrostructure, a closed-cell foam with sealed pores and an open-cell foam with open pores. The open-cell foam has a complex macrostructure consisting of an interconnected network. It can be exploited as a degradable biomaterial and a heat exchanger material. In this paper, open cell Mg alloy foams have been produced by infiltrating molten Mg alloy into porous pre-forms, where granules facilitate porous material. The granules have suitable strength and excellent thermal stability. They are also inexpensive and easily move out from open-cell foamed Mg-Al alloy materials. When the melt casting process used an inert gas, the molten magnesium igniting is resolved easily. The effects of the preheating temperature of the filler particle mould, negative pressure, and granule size on the fluidity of the open cell Mg alloy foam were investigated. With the increased infiltration pressure, preheat temperature and granule sizes during casting process, the molten AZ31 alloy was high fluidity. The optimum casting temperature, preheating temperature of the filler particle mould, and negative pressure were $750^{\circ}C$, $400-500^{\circ}C$, and 5000-6000 Pa, respectively, At these conditions the AZ31 alloy had good fluidity and castability with the longest infiltration length, fewer defects, and a uniform pore structure.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.60-69
• /
• 2013

Timber is an eco-friendly material that is suitable for low carbon and green growth, and recently, studies on utilization and manufacture of timber are increasing. Thus, we need a stable supply of wood working materials for the formative element and widespread function of timber. It is necessary to develop the use of timber because it enhances the added value of this material by making the most of it. In this way, skin-timber is an appropriate material for life articles because skin-timber has a variety of functions including the ability for storage use, the beauty of structure, the ability to maintain heat and insulation, and the capability to control humidity. In this study, I developed household items using skin-timbers that are made up of circular columns and square columns of pine, larch, and yellow popular. The circular and square columns have an inner hole that is approximately 90% of the external structure's width. I intended for the concept of these designs to display creativity considering functionality and productivity. These items are life articles and furniture for modern people. They are eco-friendly products that are varnished with traditional lacquer and natural oil. According to the result of this study, skin-timbers are made of domestic pine, larch, and yellow popular and are resource of furniture, household items, and woodcraft. I believe skin-timber is not only a useful material for processability and design applicability, but it also has the capability to be a multifunctional and high value-added material. Also, if the standards, such as cortex thickness, outside diameter, and length, of skin-timber are producted diversely, I believe skin-timber can be have more the possibility of industrial products' development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 2013

This paper is to analyze and study the cause of fire examples produced because of short phenomenon by electric connecting damage and contacting engine over-heating with combustible materials in engine room of vehicle. In the first example, it knew the fact that the fire produced by contacting with body of vehicle because of loosed of bracket bolt for wire fixing that installed on the transmission case the battery power cable supply the power from battery of engine room to starting motor. In the second example, it certified the fire by short phenomenon because of insulation tape melting wound wiring lined from battery to starting motor. In the third example, it sought for fire's cause that melting phenomenon the wire coating by overheated engine as the wire disconnected with connector by the vibration. Therefore, the fire of system including engine electric made in the danger the people in the car by failure of engine and other system. And than, the car's driver must manage and examine a vehicle conscientiously.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2016

The membrane structure provides high satisfaction with lightweight, improved workability, reduced cost, and a free shape. Thus, its applications expanding. On the other hand, in an architectural membrane that is vulnerable to fire, the development of various architectural membranes with flame resistance is in demand. Therefore, this study applied basalt woven fabric safety for flame resistance, excellent heat insulation and thermal properties on an architectural membrane. The PTFE- coated basalt woven fabric membrane was compared with a PTFE coated glass fiber membrane by DSC/TGA, strength properties, flammability, and incombustibility properties. In addition, this study confirmed the membrane applicability of basalt woven fabric and basalt-glass hybrid woven fabric through a comparison with existing architectural membranes.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.416-421
• /
• 2005

Most of solar system dissemination has been focused on domestic hot water system of which utilization to a building is relatively simple and safe than solar heating system. Through the survey on a cause of solar house dissemination failure in Korea, we conclude that design integration and systematic approach method for technology application are the most important element for a successful solar house. KIER(Korea Institute of Energy Research) and Hanbat National University have started new project on a development of Zero energy Solar House, called ZeSH which can be sustained just by natural energy without the support of existing fossil fuel. This is the 1st phase research of 10 years long-term ZeSH plan which develops a low-cost and $100\%$ self sufficient ZeSH. The goal of 1st phase ZeSH research is to get a $70\%$ self sufficiency only in thermal loads. Actual demonstration house, named KIER ZeSH I was designed and constructed as a result of 1st phase research work in the end of 2002. Various innovative technologies such as super insulation, high performance window, passive and active solar systems, ventilation heat recovery system are applied and evaluated to the KIER ZeSH I. A lot of computer simulations had been conducted for the optimal design and system integration in every design steps. Considering all the results from detailed hourly computer simulation, it is expected that at least $70\%$ self-sufficiency in thermal loads which is 1st phase target value can be excessively achieved in actual demonstration house. Besides, many valuable findings from the design and analysis to construction could be established such as collaboration method among the participants, practical design and construction techniques for system integration and the others. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the main findings through the development of KIER ZeSH I project. Practical guidelines in every design step for new low- or zero- energy solar house is proposed as result.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2011

Hanji has known for its high qualities for more than thousand years. Hanji is stronger, and has better durability, air permeability, flexibility, thermal insulation, soundproofs and UV absorbability. Therefore, developing industrial interior finishing materials using Hanji is replaced with the PVC (Poly-Vinyl Chloride) materials instead, it will be a new environment-friendly material and positively represents Korean brand marketing. The industrial inter-construction material is discomposed by heat or light because of material characteristics. As a result, it emits a lot of noxious substances. Hanji is essentially a neutral paper since it does not rely on any acidic chemicals of artificial bleaching methods. Hanji is also known as the living paper because of its close relation to nature. Therefore, I would like to suggest that Hanji made from alternative material as a chicken fiber. It will be a non-polluting interior finishing materials by making use of Hanji to a taste of Korean culture in the green industry around the world. Rather than PVC used commonly in construction material, kitchen and office furniture, interior materials in the subway, trains, or other vessels, credit cards, and ID cards, I created an interior construction material by using patented Hanji. This will be increased the value of usefulness in the environment-friendly green industry instead of PVC.