• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1335-1341
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• 2006

We selected a Lactobacillus spp. from Korean healthy infant feces based upon their antioxidant activity. This strain was identified as Lactobacillus gasseri by 16S rDNA sequencing, and named Lactobacillus gasseri NLRI-312. In the present study, we investigate the protective effect of this strain on the $H_2O_2$ induced damage to cellular membrane lipid and DNA in Jurkat cells. To estimate the extent of cellular lipid peroxidation inhibition, MDA (malondialdehyde) was measured, and DNA damage was tested by the comet assay. We also examined probiotic properties including tolerance to acid and bile, antibiotic resistance. From the results obtained, the supplementation of Jurkat cells with NLRI-312 decreased in DNA damage, while no effect was shown on MDA decrease. In probiotic properties, this strain was resistance to both acid and bile, showed considerably higher survival when incubated in pH 2 or 1% bile salts (w/v). We concluded that the NLRI-312 could be used as potential probiotic bacteria, with the effect of reducing DNA damage induced by $H_2O_2$.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2008

신생아의 피막하 간 혈종은 다양한 원인에 의해서 유발되는데 대부분은 출혈의 양이 적어 임상적으로 발견되기 보다는 부검시 발견되는 경우가 많다. 그러나 출혈의 양이 많아 혈종을 싸고 있는 피막이 파열되고 잇따른 출혈이 발생할 경우에는 창백, 혈관 허탈, 빈혈, 복부팽만, 저산소증, 산혈증 등의 증상을 보이므로 조기에 의심하여 정확한 진단을 내리고 적절한 수술적 치료를 실시하지 않으면 사망률이 높다. 저자들은 태변 흡입후 신생아 가사 소견을 보여 심폐소생술을 실시한 신생아에서 출생후 7일에 발현된 대량 피막하 간 혈종 파열 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate how advanced maternal age influences lifestyle, nutrient intake, iron status, and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. The subjects of this study were 112 pregnant women who were receiving prenatal care at gynecologists located in Seoul. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their ages: those over age 35 were the advanced age group of pregnant women (AP) and those under age 35 were the young age group of pregnant women (YP). General factors, nutrient intakes, iron status, and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were then compared. It was found that 72.5% of the YP group and 51.2% of the AP group had pre-pregnancy alcohol drinking experience; indicating that the YP group had more pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption than the AP group (P<0.05). The only difference found in nutrient intake between the two groups was their niacin intakes which were $16.83{\pm}8.20\;mg$/day and $13.76{\pm}5.28\;mg$/day, respectively. When gestational age was shorter than 38.7 weeks, the average infant birth weight was $2.95{\pm}0.08\;kg$, and when gestational age was longer than 40 weeks, it averaged at about $3.42{\pm}0.08\;kg$. In other words, as gestational age increased, infant birth weight increased (P<0.0001), and when maternal weight increased more than 15 kg, the infant birth weight increased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, in order to secure healthy human resources, with respect to advanced aged women, it is necessary to intervene by promoting daily habits that consist of strategic increases in folate and calcium intake along with appropriate amounts of exercise.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 1998

Anthropometric and body compositional changes and the outcomes of the pregnancies of 90 healthy Korean women were investigated in a longitudinal study. Their weight increased from 51.3$\pm$5.9kg to 65.1$\pm$7.8kg during their pregnancies. The total weight gain was 13.8$\pm$4.5kg, and therefore, weekly weight gain was 340$\pm$110g during the entire period of the pregnancy. The weight gain was composed of approximately 50-60% fat mass and 40-50% fat-free mass. Skinfold thicknesses, both of triceps and subscapular, increased during the pregnancies. The fat mass calculated from skinfold thickness and that measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis went on increasing during the pregnancies. Although there was a considerable difference with respect to the fat mass observed using the three methods, fat mass gain was 5.0-6.1kg and fat-free mass gain was 4.0-5.3kg from the first trimester to the third trimester of pregnancies. There were significant correlations between maternal anthropometric parameters and indices of pregnancy outcomes. Especially, the infant's birth weight was associated with maternal pre-pregnancy weight and weight gains during the pregnancies. The infant's birth length was related to the maternal weight observed at term(p<0.05) and weight gain during the entire pregnancies (p<0.05) . Neither increase of fat mass nor fat-free mass affected the outcomes of pregnancy. These results show that maternal weight gain during pregnancy is led by increments of approximately above 50% fat mass. The fat mass increase seems to be larger in central areas than in subcutaneous areas. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy, especially during late pregnancy, is a factor affecting the birth weight and length of infant. On the basis of the body compositional changes, it can be predicted that the additional energy requirement for pregnancy in Korean women is more than 200-230 MJ (64,500-76,250kca1). (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1057-1065, 1998)

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Purpose: Digital communication is becoming increasingly important in clinical practice and research. The finding that stool consistency can be evaluated similarly using either "in vivo" or photographic material by health care professionals will decrease subjective interpretation by parents. The primary outcome of this study was the reliability of stool consistency scoring using the Brussels Infant and Toddler Stool Scale (BITSS) between fresh stools and their photos; the secondary outcome was the inter-rater reliability based on the fresh stools. Methods: Fresh stool samples from healthy children were collected in a day care center. These stools, and one month later the corresponding photos presented in a random order, were presented to 14 observers. Reliabilities were analyzed using absolute agreements and weighted and unweighted Cohen's κ. Results: In total, 202 samples were rated 576 times. Absolute agreement between photographic and real time assessment ranged between 71.1% and 83.3% among observers. This corresponded with substantial agreement (unweighted κ=0.70 [95% CI, 0.61-0.78]; weighted κ=0.86 [95% CI, 0.78-0.88]). The inter-observer agreement showed similar percentages of absolute agreement (81.4-82.0%) and κ-values corresponding with fair-to-moderate agreement. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the assessment of fresh stool consistency can also reliably be done on photographic material when using the BITSS. This opens opportunities in scientific surroundings and in our daily life communication with parents and caretakers.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2022

본 연구는 코헛의 이론을 중심으로 병리적 나르시시즘에 대한 상담자의 자기대상 역할 연구를 하였다. 이론적 이해에서는 나르시시즘과 병리, 자기대상을 논하였다. 나르시시즘과 병리는 응집된 자기의 형성에 실패라 할 수 있다. 초기 유아의 자아는 양육자로부터 적절한 공감과 사랑을 받을 때 통합된 응집적 자기를 형성할 수 있다. 환언하면 자기애적 성격은 취약한 환경에서 공감과 수용을 받지 못하여 무력하고 취약한 자기 또는 분노로 가득 차 있다. 그리고 자기애적 사람들은 세상을 두려워하고 자신의 무력하고 공허한 자기감으로부터 자신을 보호하기 위해 거대자기 환상을 유지한다. 한편으로 자기대상이 제공하는 수용과 경탄의 반응을 경험할 때 과대적 자기는 강화되고 창조성을 발휘할 수 있다. 유아는 자기대상과의 관계 경험이 손상이 될 경우에 자기는 파편화된 자기(fragmented self)로 남게 된다. 따라서 결과에 따른 결론은 다음과 같다. 병리적인 나르시시즘에 대한 상담자의 자기대상 역할은 공감적 자기대상이 되어 내담자로 하여금 건강한 응집적 자기를 형성하도록 하여야 한다. 또한 자기대상이 유아의 욕구에 자상하게 안내하며 이상적 모델로 역할을 할 때 유아는 건강한 이상을 추구하며 초기의 자기애적 평형상태를 유지할 수 있다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2020

Purpose: The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS^TM), which considers crying, regurgitation, stools, skin and respiratory symptoms, was developed as an awareness tool for evaluating cow's milk-related symptoms. The scoring ranges from 0 to 33. A score ≥12 was proposed as being likely cow's milk-related and suggestive of allergy to cow's milk. This study aimed to determine the age-related CoMiSS^TM values in presumed healthy infants in Poland. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in well-child clinics in two locations. Parents of the presumed healthy infants aged ≤6 months were approached during a routine checkup/vaccination visit. The exclusion criteria were as follows: presence of acute or chronic diseases, preterm delivery, treatment with therapeutic formula, and use of any food supplements (except vitamins) or medications. Results: Data from 226 infants were obtained (median age [Q1-Q3], 4 months [3-4]). The overall median (Q1-Q3) and mean (standard deviation) CoMiSS^TM values were 4 (2-7) and 4.7 (3.5), respectively. The 95th percentile was 11. Scores on some, albeit not all, components of the CoMiSS^TM significantly differed between age groups (crying, stools) or feeding type groups (stools and skin symptoms). Eleven children (4.9%) scored ≥12. Conclusion: This study adds to earlier age-related CoMiSS^TM data by providing CoMiSS^TM values in presumed healthy infants in Poland.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2016

Purpose: Spontaneous colon perforations are usually encountered as necrotizing enterocolitis in the neonatal period, but occur rarely in infants and children without pathological conditions. This study was conducted to describe its clinical implication beyond the neonatal period. Methods: Cases of spontaneous colon perforation confirmed after the operation were reviewed retrospectively and the clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Clinical data were compared according to the presence of pneumoperitoneum as initial findings. Results: Eleven patients were included in the study period and showed a history of hospitalization before transfer due to management for fever, respiratory or gastrointestinal problems. Six patients showed a sudden onset of abdominal distention and only seven patients showed a pneumoperitoneum as initial radiologic findings, however there were no significant clinicopathological differences. Perforation was found evenly in all segments of the colon, most commonly at the sigmoid colon in four cases. There were no specific pathologic or serologic causes of perforation. Conclusion: When previously healthy infants and children manifest a sustained fever with a sudden onset of abdominal distention during management for fever associated with respiratory or gastrointestinal problems, there is a great likelihood of colon perforation with no pathological condition. Prompt surgical management as timely decision-making is necessary in order to achieve a good progress.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2011

괴사성 근막염은 급격히 진행되는 심부 연 조직 감염으로 주로 면역 저하나 당뇨를 앓고 있는 성인에서 발병하나 드물게 신생아에서도 생길 수 있으며, 감염 초기에 괴사 조직을 제거하는 수술을 포함한 적절한 치료가 이루어지지 않으면 사망에 이르는 매우 위험한 질환이다. 그러나 증상과 이학적 소견이 비특이적이고 매우 드물게 발생하므로 때로는 진단과 치료가 늦어지기도 한다. 그러므로, 피부 또는 피하 조직 감염 소견을 보이는 모든 환아에게서 항상 심부 조직 감염의 가능성을 염두에 두고 진단적, 치료적 접근이 이루어져야 하겠다. 저자는 생후 7일째인 건강한 만삭 신생아에서 특별한 선행 요인 없이 지역 획득 메티실린 내성 황색포도상 구균에 의해 발생한 괴사성 근막염을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2012

Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux with urinary tract infection or congenital renal diseases in children. The procedure is relatively simple and cost-effective, and complications are very rare. The iatrogenic complication of VCUG range from discomfort, urinary tract infection to bacteremia, as well as bladder rupture. Bladder rupture is a rare complication of VCUG, and only a few cases were reported. Bladder rupture among healthy children during VCUG is an especially uncommon event. Bladder rupture associated with VCUG is usually more common in chronically unused bladders like chronic renal failure. Presented is a case of bladder rupture that occurred during a VCUG in a healthy 9-month-old infant, due to instilled action of dye by high pressure. This injury completely healed after 7 days of operation, and it was confirmed with a postoperative cystography. The patient's bladder volume, underlying disease, velocity of the contrast media instilled, catheter size, and styles of instillation are important factors to prevent bladder rupture during VCUG. Management of bladder rupture should be individualized, but the majority of infants are treated with the operation. In conclusion, bladder rupture is a rare complication, however, delicate attention is needed in order to prevent more dire situations.