• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1994

Sixteen kinds of piercing-sucking mouth type insects were observed at witches'-broom diseased paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) trees. Among ten insect species tested, a leafhopper, Empoasca sp., transmitted paulownia witches'-broom mycoplasma-like organism(PWB-MLO) to periwinkle(Catharanthus roseus) plant. Adults of this leafhopper were collected from PWB-diseased paulownia trees. The leafhpoppers were allowed to feed on the PWB-infected paulownia trees for three weeks to acquire PWB-MLO. These insects were then transferred to healthy seedlings of paulownia and periwinkle plants for inoculation-feeding. About 30-40days after the inoculation, "little-leaf" symptoms developed on periwinkle plants, but no symptoms developed on paulownia seedlings. MLO infection in the diseased periwinkle tissue was diagnosed by fluorescence microscopy. MLOs were observed in the sieve tubes by electron microscopy, proving the insect transmission of PWB-MLO.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2016

Hydroxy acid has been used to enhance anti-aging and skin moisturization by peeling effect on the skin stratum corneum, and thus it has been widely used in topical products and cosmetic products. Among them, the effect that appears most effectively in a short period of time has been reported to be effected by the pH of the cosmetic formulations. However, there are many difficulties in use due to irritation caused by pH and concerns about side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying cosmetics with (1) varying concentrations, (2) types and (3) pH of hydroxy acid on human skin. 22 healthy adults were stained with DHA (dihydroxyacetone) and DC (dansyl chloride) on the forearm, and the skin exfoliation effect was measured after application of the test products. (1) The application of GA (glycolic acid) increased the desquamation by concentration dependent. (2) the test product prepared with neutral pH showed no exfoliation effect. In contrast, SA (salicylic acid) showed a statistically significant exfoliation effect at both acidic pH and neutral pH. (3) The neutral pH SA showed excellent exfoliation effect on bot DHA and DC stained stratum corneum. These results suggest that it is possible to manufacture safe cosmetics without damaging the skin barrier, providing an opportunity to use cosmetics that are expected to exfoliate to people, whose skin is sensitive to pH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.231-240
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between life style and health status of the staffs of an elementary school to understand exercise practices and life styles and to analyze the self-efficacy and the factors that affect it concerning walking exercise. The subjects were m9 staff member of the 10 elementary school in Seoul and materials were collected through an organized examination table from October, 1999 to May 2000. The people health awareness table was used as a variable for life style, the 13 questionnaires made of a 5 points measure was for the self efficacy concerning walking exercise. The data was analyzed through a statistics package made of a Chisquare-test, t-test, ANOVA and a regression analysis. The major results of this study were as follows; 1) 50% of the staffs were practicing regular exercise, 3/4 of them practiced walking, jogging and mountain climbing that don't need equipment and exercise frequency was 1-2 times per week 64%. of the time and exercise span was under 30 minutes in 38%, the highest 2) The average of self-efficacy concerning walking exercise was 3.6 points but the answers "I can walk enough to be in a sweat", "I can walk according to my exercise plan" were relatively low. 3) The explanation degree of the Model was 14% in a regression analysis between self efficacy concerning walking exercise and as a dependent variable for a regular walking exercise plan, regular health examination, routine health status, and breakfast might serve as an explanation degree. According to the results of this study, the suggestions were as follows: 1) The chronic invalid was not enough in the change of life style after chronic disease, most of all, it need the awareness of change, of active health education and of public information for health promotion action practice through the prohibition of smoking, abstinence from drink, exercise and nutritional balance. 2) Concrete practice program enlargement is needed to enhance related walking exercise or of a type lecture meeting for subjects who have a positive attitude about walking exercise plans. 3) A program that can actively recommend a health promotion life style is needed when we make allowance for those who have an ordinarily healthy life style and show a high walking exercise self-efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.78-82
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to survey the anti-HBs positivity and titers of antibody in current students who received nationwide vaccination against Hepatitis B virus which targeted infants in 1995. The subjects were 262 students in Gyeongnam province from April 2014 to October 2014. The positive rate of anti-HBs was 55.3% (145 people) and the negative rate of anti-HBs was 44.7% (117 people). Positivity was shown to be higher in women than men. However, there was no statistically significant difference. Of the HBV-vaccinated subjects, 117 (44.7%) had anti-HBs titer <10, which is judged to be negative, 126 (47.8%) had anti-HBs titer 10-499.9 mIU/mL, which is judged to be positive, and 22 (7.3%) had anti-HBs titer more than 500 mIU/mL. The rate of anti-HBs with lower titer (10-99.9 mIU/mL) was 62% in the positive group. Classifying the antibody titer according to age, the rate of anti-HBs positivity in titer with less than 100 mIU/mL was indicated to be 78.3% in cases of 19-20 year old and 46.7% in 21-22 year old, 52.3% in 23-24 year old. A case of the lower titer with 10-99.9 mIU/mL, showed significant difference according to age. As a result of research, the antibody titers is decreased depending on the passage of time. Hence, the checking of anti-HBs titer is needed after Hepatitis B vaccination and many healthy adults will need periodic boosters of hepatitis B vaccine to maintain production of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.250-262
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develop a simple flood frequency questionnaire (FFQ) based on the results of contributions of specific floods to absolute intake and between-person variance in nutrients using semi-quantitative FFQ with 93 flood items. The subjects were 554 healthy adults for development of a simple FFQ, and 37 students for a validation test of a developed simple FFQ. The contribution of specific floods to 80% absolute nutrient intake was measured by assessing their percentage in total consumption of a nutrient. To assess the contributions of floods to the between-person variance in the intake of each specific nutrient, stepwise multiple regressions were performed. The number of floods necessary to account for the respective 80% of absolute intake was 11-36, depending on the nutrient, while flower floods (5-16 floods) were required for the corresponding percentage of between-person variation for all nutrients. Important floods for between-person variance include Tangsuyuk (pork) and snacks for energy and fat, fish for protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and snacks for carbohydrates. Spearman correlation coefficients between 93-itemed FFQ and 63-itemed FFQ ranged from 0.91 for vitamin A to 0.99 for fat in the population data used in developing a simple FFQ. Also, the correlation coefficients between the two FFQs were 0.82-7.92 in the population for the validation test. This study suggests that useful information on dietary intake could be obtained using a simple semi-quantitative FFQ in a large-scale dietary survey in Korea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1992

In order to establish predicted normal values of volume of isoflow($V_{iso}\dot{V}$), $V_{iso}\dot{V}$ were measured in a total 234 healthy adults, consisting of 78 male nonsmokers, 108 male smokers and 48 female nonsmokers. The volumes of isoflow were determined through analysis of maximal expiratory flow volume curves recorded with a mixture of 80% helium and 20% oxygen(He-$O_2$ gas) following one(1VC) and three vital capacity(3VC) maneuver and with room air. Based upon the correlation of the observed values of the parameters to age and physical characteristics, the following regression formulars for the prediction of the parameters, using age in year(A) as a variable, were obtained. 1VC method ($V_{iso}\dot{V}_1$) Male smoker : 0.614A+2.347 Male nonsmoker : 0.370A-2.792 Female nonsmoker : 0.588A-2.459 3VC method ($V_{iso}\dot{V}_3$) Male smoker : 0.467A+1.696 Male nonsmoker : 0.288A-1.538 Female nonsmoker : 0.367A-0.114.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-29
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• 2004

Many muscles of the trunk and hip are capable of contributing to the stabilization and protection of the lumbar spine. To have optimal effectiveness, a training program should include dynamic back/stomach/hip exercises. This study was designed to assess the L5 level paraspinal, external abdominal oblique, and gluteus maximus muscle activities during various low back stabilization exercises. Participants were 26 healthy adults (13 males, 13 Females), aged 21 to 28 years. The surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the L5 level paraspinal, external abdominal oblique, and gluteus maximus muscles. The recorded signal was averaged and normalized to the maximal electromyographic amplitude obtained during the maximal voluntary contraction. The measurements were taken during 3 low back stabilization exercises. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to examine the difference, and a post hoc test was performed with least significant difference. A level of significance was set at p<.05. The significance of difference between men and women, and between the electromyographic recording sites was evaluated by an independent t-test. The EMG activity for the externus oblique and gluteus maximus muscles had significant differences among 3 exercises (p<.05). In males, the EMG activity for the external abdominal oblique muscle had significantly increased differences during exercises 1 and exercise 2 (p<.05). The gluteus maximus muscle had significantly increased differences during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). In females, the multifidus muscle had significantly increased difference during exercise 3 (p<.05), the external abdominal oblique muscle had significantly increased difference during exercise 1 (p<.05). and the gluteus maximus muscle had significantly decreased difference during exercise 3 (p<.05). The results were that the external abdominal oblique muscle was apparently activated during the curl-up exercise in females and males, and the multifidus muscle was apparently activated during the bridging exercise in females and during the sling exercise in males and females.1)In comparison of the %MVC between males and females, exercise 2 and exercise 3 apparently activated of the multifidus and gluteus maximus muscles in both males and females (p<.05). The EMG activity of the gluteus maximus muscle of the males significantly increased during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). The EMG activity the multifidus muscle of the females was significantly increased during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). More research is needed to understand the nature of motor control problems in the deep muscles in patients with low back pain.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

Objective : The objectives of this study were to compare the variables from Fitmeter accelerometer with them from CMS-70P(Zebris Medizintechnik Gmbh, Germany) and to suggest the availability the accelerometer in the field of occupational therapy. Methods : Twenty participants performed calling, drinking water, washing face and spooning and we measured Sum of Single Vector Magnitude(SSVM) and range of motion(ROM) on the wrist and elbow joints. Results :With respect to the wrist and elbow joints, SSVM and ROM differed significantly according to the task(calling, drinking water, washing face and spooning)(p<.001; p<.001; p<.001; p<.001). As for the wrist joint, SSVM and ROM did not show the significant correlation(p>.05) but as for the elbow joint, SSVM and ROM did show the significant correlation according to the task(p<.01; p<.001; p<.01; p<.05). With regard to the SVM-difference of wrist and elbow joints, calling and washing showed the significant difference (p<.001; p<.05) but drinking and spooning did not show the significant difference(p>.05; p>.05). Conclusion : We suggest that Fitmeter accelerometer would be use to record the kinematic variables during performance of ADL and it can compensate the function of CMS-70P as for the elbow joint than the wrist joint.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.32-47
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• 2020

Objectives: Calcium (Ca) is an insufficiently consumed nutrient, whereas phosphorus (P) intake has exceeded the recommended intake level in Korea over the past decade. The purpose of this study was to analyze dietary Ca and P intakes and their contribution rate according to dish groups. Methods: A 24-hour dietary recall survey of 640 healthy adults (aged 19-69 years) was undertaken twice in four Korean provinces. Dietary Ca and P intakes and their rates of contribution from 31 major dish groups were analyzed and compared by gender, age group, and region. Results: The average Ca and P intakes of the subjects were 542.1 ± 222.2 mg/d and 1,068.3 ± 329.0 mg/d, respectively. The intakes of Ca and P as percentages of recommended nutrients intake (RNI%) were 71.7 ± 29.8% and 152.6 ± 47%, respectively, and the percentages under the estimated average requirement were 60.3% for Ca and 3.8% for P. The RNI% of Ca was not significantly different between males and females, but was significantly higher in subjects in the sixties age group than in other age groups and was significantly lower in the Korean capital than in other regions. The RNI% of P did not significantly differ by gender or age groups, but it was significantly higher in the capital than in Gyeong-sang. The five major dish groups contributing to Ca intake (contribution rate) were milks/dairy products 69.2 ± 109.2 mg/d (12.6%), soups 55.6 ± 69.6 mg/d (10.1%), stir-fried foods 53.1 ± 70.7 mg/d (9.7%), stews 43.4 ± 85.4 mg/d (7.9%), and kimchi 38.4 ± 31.8 mg/d (7.0%). The five major dish group contributing to P intake (contribution rate) were cooked rice 160.7 ± 107.1 mg/d (14.9%), stir-fried foods 88.5 ± 89.4 mg/d (8.2%), soups 76.7 ± 85.8 mg/d (7.1%), one-dish meals 63.3 ± 94.4 mg/d (5.9%), and stews 62.6 ± 89.3 mg/d (5.8%). The dish groups contributing to Ca and P intakes differed somewhat by gender, age group, and region. Conclusions: Programs to improve the nutritional status of Ca and P intakes should consider the differences in Ca and P contribution rates by dish groups as well as by gender, age group, and region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2003

Purpose: This event related fMRI study was to further our understanding about how different brain regions could contribute to effective access of specific information stored in long term memory. This experiment has allowed us to determine the brain regions involved in recognition of familiar faces among non familiar faces. Materials and Methods: Twelve right handed normal, healthy volunteer adults participated in face recognition experiment. The paradigm consists of two 40 familiar faces, 40 unfamiliar faces and control base with scrambled faces in a randomized order, with null events. Volunteers were instructed to press on one of two possible buttons of a response box to indicate whether a face was familiar or not. Incorrect answers were ignored. A 1.5T MRI system(GMENS) was employed to evaluate brain activity by using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast. Gradient Echo EPI sequence with TR/TE= 2250/40 msec was used for 17 contiguous axial slices of 7mm thickness, covering the whole brain volume (240mm Field of view, 64 ${\times}$ 64 in plane resolution). The acquired data were applied to SPM99 for the processing such as realignment, normalization, smoothing, statistical ANOVA and statistical preference. Results/Disscusion: The comparison of familiar faces vs unfamiliar faces yielded significant activations in the medial temporal regions, the occipito temporal regions and in frontal regions. These results suggest that when volunteers are asked to recognize familiar faces among unfamiliar faces they tend to activate several regions frequently involved in face perception. The medial temporal regions are also activated for familiar and unfamiliar faces. This interesting result suggests a contribution of this structure in the attempt to match perceived faces with pre existing semantic representations stored in long term memory.