• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.725-739
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• 2022

This study conducted with 268 female elderly who visited welfare center and senior citizen center in Changwon city to identify the dietary status according to social frailty stage using nutrition quotient for elderly (NQ-E). As a result of the survey, 75.0% of the elderly had no nutrition education. The elderly in social frailty stage was 43.7%, pre-frail was 35.1%, and robust was 21.2%. The scores of NQ-E (61.65), balance (47.78), moderation (86.18), and dietary behavior (55.23) were within the medium-high grade, while diversity (48.37) was within the medium-low grade. Among the balance factor item, there was a significant difference only in the frequency of fruit intake according to social frailty stage (p<0.05). Among the diversity factor item, there were significant differences in vegetable intake (p<0.05) and the rate of eating alone (p<0.001) according to social frailty stage. Among the dietary behavior factor item, there were significant differences in whether to strive for a healthy diet (p<0.05), exercise time and depression (p<0.001), and subjective recognition rate of health (p<0.01) according to social frailty stage. Based on these results, education focusing on various food intake is needed, and continuous support from the government and local governments is needed to connect the social support network of the elderly and support programs to prevent them from going to social frailty stage.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of service satisfaction by utilizing KSC (Kano, Score Model, Concept Position) analysis methods in order to present various fitness center service models for healthy new silver generation centered on P fitness center which runs six branches in Busan. Double Diamond-based methods led to a case study focused on the P fitness center's Yeon-san branch which well leading in a wide variety of leisure infrastructures for the senior citizens. Throughout this study, based on the insights extracted from the customers were culminating in nine service design models from the perspective of administrators and trainers. The final derived nine models have been evaluated by Kano's satisfaction evaluation, Concept score, and Concept position evaluation. All of the nine models results indicated as valid except for models 3 and 6. Finally, an implementation roadmap was proposed by dividing it into investment cost and effectiveness.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2015

Purpose: As the rate of senior citizens living alone increases in the current aging society, there is much concern regarding the health and nutritional intake of solitary senior citizens. Therefore, this study compared the nutritional intake of senior citizens according to their family type. Methods: In July and August of 2011, two senior citizen welfare centers in Seoul were visited to survey 267 elderly women. Excluding 54 subjects for which the data were incomplete, information from 213 subjects was analyzed. The subjects were divided into three family types, living alone (LA, n = 74), living with spouse (LS, n = 78), and living with children (LC, n = 61). Results: The mean age of the LA group was the highest, while the mean age of the LS group was the lowest (p < 0.001), and WHR of the LC group was the highest (p = 0.049). Income was the highest in the LS group (p < 0.001). Frequency of eating out was the lowest in the LA group (p = 0.031). By Duncan's multiple analysis, the amounts of energy intake, vegetable protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, Vit D, Vit E, $Vit\;B_2$, niacin, $Vit\;B_6$, $Vit\;B_{12}$, and cholesterol were significantly higher in the LS group compared with the LA or LC group (p < 0.05). The intakes of calcium, Vit D, $Vit\;B_{12}$, and cholesterol were still significantly different among the three groups, even after adjustment for age and monthly income. The LA group ate less fruit and fish than the LS or LC group (p < 0.05). The LA group showed the lowest dietary diversity and the LS group showed the highest diversity (p = 0.014), however, the significance of dietary diversity score among the three groups disappeared after adjustment for age and monthly income. Conclusion: Elderly women living with spouse were receiving better nutrition than elderly women living alone or living with children. Therefore, solitary elderly women who do not live with their spouse or children should be offered greater opportunities to receive a balanced meal at a congregational kitchen or welfare center. To ensure their healthy diet, it is essential to provide continuous nutrition education with these groups in mind.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1366-1374
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• 2016

Most elderly have difficulties in managing food safety and nutrition by themselves. Various nutrition educations for the elderly have been developed, but food safety and nutrition education program and educational tools for the elderly are very limited. The aim of the study was to evaluate a food safety and nutrition education program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) for the elderly. Education program was implemented for 220 seniors (137 educated group and 83 control group) aged over 65 years at senior welfare community centers. The intervention study was carried out on a weekly basis during each of 5 weeks, and each session lasted about 35 or 40 minutes. The effectiveness of the program was assessed with a questionnaire before and after education. Education program consisted of a 5 week program, and topics were 'Dietary changes for the elderly's healthy life', 'Prevention of food poisoning in everyday life', 'Safe food handling for my health', 'Healthy dietary life to prevent chronic disease', and 'Safety! nutrition! healthy dietary life'. Education program materials such as slides, handouts, videos, leaflet, and booklets were developed. As a result, there were score improvements in knowledge, dietary behaviors, and health belief after intervention in the intervention group, which were higher than those of the control group. In particular, there was a meaningful interrelation between dietary behavior and health belief (r=0.520, P<0.001). This finding suggests that changing beliefs is very important to make desirable dietary behavioral changes. For this reason, we can conclude HBM theory is an effective model to educate nutrition and food safety for the elderly. Furthermore, food safety and nutrition education programs are implemented and delivered continuously at various settings such as a health center or community welfare center, and those will contribute significantly to enhance perception and change their desirable dietary behaviors for the elderly.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1994

The purposes of this study were to identify responses of nursing students following clinical maternity nursing practice, to develop data of further effective clinical maternity nursing practice, to understand nursing students perceive the natural maturation process toward pregnancy delivery and puerperal process, to help the nursing students achieve personality growth and development through clinical maternity nursing practice. The subjects were 35 senior nursing students from the Department of Nursing Science of Chung-Ang University. The data were collected from the 1st semester (Feb.22$\sim$June 9) to the 2nd semester(Aug.23$\sim$Nov.10), 1993 through self-reporting using an open ended questionnaire about perception and feelings regarding the normal delivery process. The data analysis used descriptive method. Results of the study were as follows : 1. Following clinical practice in maternity nursing, the responses of the nursing students were collected included both positive and negative aspects. The positive responses were classified in to four categories and each category included subgroups. One group, labelled as $\ulcorner$The birth of noble life$\lrcorner$ had a subgroup, (I felt the mystery and wonder of life), another group, $\ulcorner$After delivery, comfort and satisfaction$\lrcorner$ with the subgroup (I can bear to see the comfort and relief beyond pain) (C/S is better than vaginal delivery) (Very easy), the 3rd group, $\ulcorner$ I realized family friendship and support$\lrcorner$ with subgroup (Honorable, Magnificient) (I thank my parents ) (It's good to looking at my husband's support), and the 4th group, $\ulcorner$The birth of a healthy baby$\lrcorner$, with its subgroup, (baby looks pretty and healthy). 2. The negative responses were classified in eight categories and each category included subgroups. One group labelled as $\ulcorner$Fear$\lrcorner$, had subgroups of (Terrible, Horrible) (Shock) (Dread), another group, $\ulcorner$Tension$\lrcorner$, and its subgroup, (I became tense about stories heard before clinical practice), the 3rd group, $\ulcorner$surprise$\lrcorner$ and its subgroup (I was surprised at the delivery process), the 4th group, $\ulcorner$Power lessness$\lrcorner$ and its subgroup, (I watched the labor pain impatiently), the 5th group $\ulcorner$Apathy$\lrcorner$ ; and its subgroup, (I didn't feel the empathy for the labor pain of the pregnant women), the 6th group, $\ulcorner$Disgust$\lrcorner$ and its subgroup, (Disgust, Embarrassed), the 7th group, $\ulcorner$Inevitable destiny$\lrcorner$ and its subgroups (necessity of self-sacrifice and difficulty) (I accepted it as a women's destiny) (I can't do it), the last group, $\ulcorner$There seems to be trouble$\lrcorner$ and its subgroup, (It seems to have been a little too hard for mother and baby). Suggestions for further studies are as follows : 1. Nursing students should receive intensive education about $\ulcorner$The birth of noble life$\lrcorner$ $\ulcorner$After delivery, comfort and satisfaction$\lrcorner$ $\ulcorner$I realized family friendship and support$\lrcorner$ $\ulcorner$The birth of a healthy baby$\lrcorner$, so that a more positive attitude can be developed before clinical maternity nursing. 2. Nursing students should be given an orientation which is reality based and related clinical maternity nursing (using for A.V. Materials), so that they will not feel they tension, of the negative categories. 3. Nursing students should be received articles on Pain Relief Method, so that they will be prepared activie and positive in the clinical practice, and therefore they will not feel the powerlessness, of the negative categories. 4. F/U for responses of nursing students should be checked following clinical maternity nursing to evaluate the effects of the instruction.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.99-113
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• 2002

For this study a sample of 205 people, 66 males and 139 females, over 65 years of age, residing in C-gu of S-si and utilizing senior centers, were selected, The objective of the study was to provide basic data for health promotion program development provided by health centers. A questionnaire was used to collect date on general characteristics, health status, social health status and utilization rate for health services. The instruments used in this study were the Lawton scale, to measure daily routine function, the MMSE-K developed by Folstein and modified to fit the Korea situation, for mental health status, and the CES-Dtool developed by Radloff, for emotional health status. the SPSS Window program was used to calculate percentages. Tests of significance were done using t-test and ANOVA. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify variables influencing the use of health services. The results are as follows : Of those utilizing senior citizen centers, 40.9% of males and 17.3% of the female thought they were healthy. The average score for IADL was 7.4. The daily routine of female respondents consisted of buying household articles and drugs, and other IADLs such as riding the bus or subway alone. These resulted in a higher score compared to males. For emotional health, 7.6% of the males reported depression compared to 21.6% of the females. For mental health, 48.5% of the males and 28.8% of the females were found to be in the group suspicious for dementia. On social health, 57.6% of the males and 62.6% of the females reported no intimate human relations. Of those older people who had close human relations, 52.5% of the males indicated a friend as the closest person and 53.8% of the females, their children. On use of health services, there was a significantly higher need for mobile medical care services treatment for those with lower education levels and status of window/widower. There was a significantly higher need for health exmination services for those with lower levels of exercise, greater satisfaction with sleep, higher levels of oral health care, and higher social contacts. In conclusion, there is a need to provide varied programs for the promotion of health, along with parallel resolution of social, psychological and economic issues. It is recommended that health services for elderly people provided by the health centers be implemented with full recognition of these characteristics and differences.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

Objectives : This study was to compare the level of activity participation(instrumental activities, leisure activities, and social activities of living) and quality of life for elderly people with and without stroke, and to analyze the correlation between the level of activity participation and quality of life in their scores on measures. Methods : The Korean Activity Card Sort(K-ACS) was conducted among 25 elderly people with stroke and 25 elderly people without stroke living in Busan, and their level of activity participation and quality of life were evaluated using the The Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36). Results : Elderly people with and without stroke both showed a significant difference in the retained level of activity participation, instrumental activities of daily living, leisure activities, social activities, and the SF-36 score. The scores of the elderly people with stroke for the retained level of activity participation and instrumental activities of daily living in the Korean Activity Card Sort had a significant correlation with the SF-36 score, whereas leisure activities and social activities did not show a significant correlation with the SF-36 score. Among the elderly people without stroke, there was a significant correlation between scores for the retained level of activity participation, leisure activities, and social activities of living in the Korean Activity Card Sort and the SF-36 score, but there was no significant correlation between instrumental activities of daily living and the SF-36 score. Conclusion : The level of activity participation and quality of life could be considered to correlate with one another, and an intervention to improve the activity participation of elderly people with stroke would help to enhance their quality of life.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.118-129
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• 2002

Nutrition is important in the management of diabetes mellitus, however, there are few little education materials specifically designed for older adults. The objective of this study was to develop nutrition education materials for prevention and management of diabetes moll for older adults. Materials developed were a booklet and four leaflets. The contents of materials were based on lesson plans. After several revisions of the draft of materials, illustrations and icons appropriate to the contents were designed using illustrator 9.0 and Photoshop 6.0. The booklet was composed of five chapters and 40 pages. The first chapter began with an introduction about diabetes and diabetes management by diet, exercise and medication. The second chapter dealt with ideal body weight, calculation of adequate caloric intake and food exchange list. The third chapter provided information for meal planning and sample menus. The fourth chapter focused on practical tips on nutritional care of diabetes, by providing tips on reducing sugars, fat and salt, and suggestions on eating for special occasions. The fifth chapter dealt with information in case of low blood sugars, exercise and foot care. The topics of the four leaflets were “Diabetes, what is it and care”, “Food exchange list and meal planning”, “Healthy eating for diabetes”, “Special care for diabetes low blood sugars, exercise and foot care” Each leaflet was composed of six sections and was printed in large paper (B4 size) for older adults. The draft of educational materials were re-viewed by four nutrition professionals and finally pilot-tested with ten adults aged 50 and older. The characteristics of the developed materials are as follows, i) messages are delivered using simple, specific information, ⅱ) messages focused on practical applicable tips, ⅲ) various pictures, illustrations and artwork were created and inserted to enhance understanding and interest, ⅳ) sections including risk factor assessment, calculation of ideal body weight and meal planning were designed to induce the user's participation, ⅴ) sample menus and food pictures were inserted in the booklet, vi) characteristics of older adults and transformed characteristics are diversely used to help the user feel familiarity. These materials are self-explanatory and can be used by older adults. These materials also can be used widely in nutrition education at public health centers or senior centers.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of metatarsal pad (MP) compared with barefoot and MP with using different insoles on gait. 15 healthy females who had no history of injury in the lower extremity with an average age of 22.7 year(SD=1.35), height of 160 cm(SD=3.4), weight of 48.8 kg(SD=5.52) and average foot size of 232.5 mm(SD=6.8) participated in this study as the subjects. The subjects walked on a treadmill under four different experimental conditions: 1) walking with barefoot, 2) walking wearing MP 3) walking wearing a soft insole with MP(SIMP), 4) walking wearing a rigid insole with MP(HIMP). During walking, foot pressure data such as force, contacting area, peak pressure, and mean pressure was collected using Pedar-X System(Novel Gmbh, Germany) and EMG activity of lower limb muscles such as tibialis anterior(TA), lateral gastrocnemius(LG), rectus femoris(RF), and musculus biceps femoris(MBF) was gathered using Delsys EMG Work System(Delsys, USA). Collected data was then analyzed using paired t-test in order to investigate the effects of each of experimental conditions. As a result of the analysis, when MP and HIMP were equipped, overall contacting area was increased while the force, peak pressure and the mean pressure were decreased. Especially, when the SIMP was equipped, every data were significantly decreased. In case of EMG, wearing MP, SIMP and HIMP made three muscles(TA, LG, RF)'s activity decrease. A result of the analysis will be able to apply for manufacturing functional shoes, diabetes shoes, senior shoes and lower extremity orthosis. Significance of the study due to a metatarsal pad and the insole is to analyze the changes in muscle strength.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to compare and analyze the change that must be applied to the evaluation of the slipperiness of an inclined floor, when considering its use by the physically handicapped and by the able-bodied. For this study, a simulator that can reproduce the characteristics of the body sway of a physically handicapped person was developed through a comparative experiment between able-bodied people and people with hemiplegia. In addition, as cale for the evaluation of the slipperiness of flat floors and inclined floors was composed by the sensory test result targeting physically handicapped persons (able-bodied persons wore the body sway for the handicapped and ageing in the experiment) and the able-bodied. In terms of the evaluation of the slipperiness of an inclined floor, it was evaluated that it is safe when the C.S.R' (Coefficient of Slip Resistance) of a healthy person is over 0.30, while it was evaluated that it is dangerous when the C.S.R' of a physically handicapped person is over $0.45{\sim}0.50$. Concerning this difference, it is judged that the reason for this difference is that the walking mechanism differs between an able-bodied person and a physically handicapped person.