• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.300-307
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• 2018

Objective: As the demands of healthcare environment change, it is necessary to advance human health care by improving students' essential competencies including knowledge, skills, abilities, inter-professional collaboration and patient centered care. This study identified long term accomplishment and improvement of the essential competencies in clinical pharmacy practice education (CPPE) at Korean hospitals over time. Methods: This study was conducted for pharmacy students who completed CPPE evaluation related to tertiary hospitals and secondary hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do regional area from 2014 to 2018. Results: Over the past 5 years, overall results of student evaluation on the essential competencies in CPPE at both tertiary and secondary hospitals showed a decreasing trend or did not change. Essential competency in CPPE at tertiary hospitals had been identified as superior on 'Learn clinical knowledge in the treatment of diseases' to secondary hospitals [average number of students (%): 210 (72.9%) vs 68 (68.0%)]. On the other hand, essential competencies in CPPE at secondary hospitals had been identified as better at 'inter-professionals collaborative teamwork and direct patient care' than tertiary hospitals [average number of students (%): 64 (64.0%) and 56 (56.0%) vs 121 (42.0%) and 90 (31.3%)]. A total of 176 (61.1%) students in tertiary hospitals and 66 (66.0%) in secondary hospitals evaluated that 'patient-centered care' education was good. Conclusion: In tertiary hospitals, all six essential competency outcomes have not been improved, whereas four essential competency outcomes showed an increasing trend in secondary hospitals. It will be necessary to develop outcome-based CPPE education program to better reflect the essential competencies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.311-320
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• 2019

This study is a descriptive research designed to determine the effects of smartphone addiction on sleeping time and sleep deprivation among college students. For this purpose, the study made a questionnaire survey of 280 health science college students attending at C college located U Metropolitan city. Data collected from the survey were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 program. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. there were correlations between smartphone addiction and students' sleep deprivation but weren't correlations between their smartphone addiction and sleeping time. furthermore college students' sleep deprivation was influenced by their smartphone addiction. Therefore, in order to induce sufficient sleep for physical and mental health, it is needed to reduce the smartphone addiction rate of college students. To do that, it is necessary to develop and provide interventive programs to eradicate unnecessary smartphone use.

• Health Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 2018

Background: Many nursing university students were stressed during clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to identify the difference between stress of clinical practice and mental health according to behavioral styles in nursing university students. Methods: The participants of this study were 233 junior and senior nursing students who had experienced clinical practice. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires in online from November 2017 to March 2018. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 25.0 using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The most frequent DISC behavior style of the subjects was conscientiousness (43.8%), follewed by steadiness (19.7%), influence (18.9%), and dominance (17.6%). The participants'scores for stress of clinical practice and mental health were $3.35{\pm}0.55$ and $1.13{\pm}0.65$. The stress of clinical practice of the subjects was different according to DISC behavior styles(F=2.86, p=.038). The results show that the higher the score of stress of clinical practice was the higher the score of mental health(r=.51, p<.001). Conclusion: This study found that the difference of DISC behavioral styles can be attributed to stress of clinical practice. Therefore, nursing intervention program considering with the subjects'DISC behavior styles needs to be developed to reduce their stress of clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.631-642
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to predict the influencing factors and the consequences of near miss in nurses' medication error based upon Salazar & Primomo's ecological system theory. Methods: A convenience sample of 198 nurses was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from July to September 2016. Using the collected data, the developed model was verified by structural equation modeling analysis using SPSS and AMOS program. Results: For the fitness of the hypothetical model, the results showed that $x^2$ ($x^2=258.50$, p<.001) was not fit, but standardized $x^2$ ($x^2/df=2.35$) was a good fit for this model. Additionally, absolute fit index RMR=.06, RMSEA=.08, GFI=.86, AGFI=.81 reached the recommended level, but the Incremental fit index TLI=.82, CFI=.85 was not enough to reach to the recommended level. With the path diagram of the hypothetical model, caution (${\beta}=-.29$ p<.001), patient safety culture (${\beta}=-.20$, p=.041), and work load (${\beta}=.18$, p=.037) had a significant effect on the near miss experiences in nurses' medication error, while fatigue (${\beta}=-.06$, p=.575) did not affect it. Moreover, the near miss experience had a significant effect on work productivity (${\beta}=-.25$, p=.001). Conclusion: These results have shown that to decrease the near miss experience by nurses and increase their work productivity in hospital environments would require both personal and organizational effort.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2021

Background: The Korean government introduced National Cancer Control Program and strengthening national health insurance coverage for cancer patients. Although many positive effects have been observed, there are also many concerns about cancer management such as patient concentration or time-to-treatment. Thus, we investigated the association between the time-to-treatment and survival of cancer patients, and compared regional differences by time trend. Methods: The data used in this study were national health insurance claims data that included patients diagnosed with lung cancer and received surgical treatment between 2005 and 2015. We conducted survival analysis with Cox proportional hazard model for the association between time-to-treatment and survival in lung cancer. Additionally, we compared the regional differences for time-to-treatment by time trend. Results: A total of 842 lung cancer patients were included, and 52.3% of lung cancer patients received surgical treatment within 30 days. Patients who received surgical treatment after 31 days had higher 5-year or 1-year mortality compared to treatment within 30 days (5-year: hazard ratio [HR], 1.566; 1-year: HR, 1.555; p<0.05). There were some regional differences for time-to-treatment, but it was generally reduced after 2010. Conclusion: Delayed surgical treatment after diagnosis can negatively affect patient outcomes in cancer treatment. To improve cancer control strategies, there are needed to analyze the healthcare delivery system for cancer care considering the severity and types of cancer.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2021

Purpose : The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships between knowledge, awareness, safe environment, and performance of standard precautions and identify factors associated with performance of standard precautions. Methods : This study was a descriptive research. A structured questionnaire on knowledge, awareness, safe environment, and performance of standard precautions was used for the survey with a convenience sample of 150 caregivers. Data were collected from July to August 2019 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results : The mean scores on knowledge, awareness, safe environment, and performance of standard precautions were 15.77±3.34, 7.35±1.91, 4.55±2.05, and 55.20±10.11 respectively. Performance of standard precautions showed a statistically significant positive correlation with knowledge (r=.54, p<.001), awareness (r=.54, p<.001), and safe environment (r=.50, p<.001). Awareness (β=.24, p=.025) and safe environment (β=.35, p<.001) were significantly associated with factors of performance of standard precautions. Also, education level (high school and above college), affiliated institution (private association), and importance of infection control education (moderate) were significantly associated with factors of performance of standard precautions. Conclusion : The results of the study indicate that factors influencing the performance of standard precautions of caregivers were awareness and safe environment. Therefore, to improve implementation of the standard precautions among caregivers, a safe environment within the hospital must be supported, and appropriate infection management education needs to be provided to caregivers to improve their knowledge and awareness of the standard precautions.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2021

Among natural products, the shells of black walnut(Juglans nigra), which are not used commercially and mostly discarded, were examined to investigate the physiological activity and the efficacy for the cosmetic application. DPPH radical scavenging activity of hot water extract of black walnut shells was 76.06% at 300 ㎍/mL. ABTS radical scavenging activity of the extract was 61% at 1000 ㎍/mL, showing excellent antioxidant activity. When the black walnut shell extract was applied to HaCaT cells, a skin keratinocyte, the viability of the cells was 92.6% at 250 ㎍/mL, showing a remarkably low effect on cell viability. At the concentration of 500 ㎍/mL, 67.35% of nitric oxide(NO) production was inhibited. It also showed an inhibitory effect on Hyaluronidase 31 times higher than that of Vitamin C at 100 ㎍/mL concentration. In conclusion, the black walnut shell extract showed high potentials for the cosmeceutical applications, suggesting the possibility of using it as a high value-added natural material in various industries such as food, fragrance, healthcare, and pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.655-661
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• 2021

Positron emission tomography (PET) images is affected by acquisition time, short acquisition times results in low gamma counts leading to degradation of image quality by statistical noise. Noise2Void(N2V) is self supervised denoising model that is convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning. The purpose of this study is to evaluate denoising performance of N2V for PET image with a short acquisition time. The phantom was scanned as a list mode for 10 min using Biograph mCT40 of PET/CT (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). We compared PET images using NEMA image-quality phantom for standard acquisition time (10 min), short acquisition time (2min) and simulated PET image (S2 min). To evaluate performance of N2V, the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), structural similarity index (SSIM) and radio-activity recovery coefficient (RC) were used. The PSNR, NRMSE and SSIM for 2 min and S2 min PET images compared to 10min PET image were 30.983, 33.936, 9.954, 7.609 and 0.916, 0.934 respectively. The RC for spheres with S2 min PET image also met European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Ltd. (EARL) FDG PET accreditation program. We confirmed generated S2 min PET image from N2V deep learning showed improvement results compared to 2 min PET image and The PET images on visual analysis were also comparable between 10 min and S2 min PET images. In conclusion, noisy PET image by means of short acquisition time using N2V denoising network model can be improved image quality without underestimation of radioactivity.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the level of Person-centered Critical Care Nursing (PCCN) and the factors influencing PCCN for nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methods: This study was designed by cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. The participants included 147 ICU nurses in two general hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Demographic characteristics, PCCN, communication skills, professionalism, and work environment were measured. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression with the SPSS/Win 25.0 program. Results: The average age of the participants was 29.6±4.7 years and the mean work experience in the ICU was 4.67±3.52 years. The level of PCCN was 3.70±0.41, which was moderate to high, and it significantly showed a positive correlation with therapeutic communication skills (r=.66, p<.001), global interpersonal communication competence (r=.42, p<.001), professionalism (r=.38, p<.001), and work environment (r=.16, p=.048). The factors influencing PCCN were identified as therapeutic communication skill and global interpersonal communication competence (Adj R²=.45, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study were confirmed that the strategies to promote PCCN are necessary to enhance therapeutic communication skill and global interpersonal communication competence. In addition, they may be particularly meaningful in providing basic data for nursing education and future intervention development research to promote PCCN for the ICU nurses. For improving PCCN for healthcare providers in ICU, further studies should be conducted to develop education and intervention programs.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 2021

Purpose: Global collaboration to accelerate development and equitable access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines was launched with the name of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A), and this initiative owes its expertise to the lessons learned of the global health organizations. To date, the comprehensive mechanisms and potential effects of the initiative remain largely unknown. Methods: This study reviewed the programs of Gavi, the Global Fund, Unitaid, and ACT-A, which mitigating barriers to greater use of health technology with an analytic framework. Results and conclusion: The study findings are as follows. First, programs to alleviate the absence of necessary technology include the International Finance Facility for Immunization and Covax Facility. Second, Pooled Procurement Mechanism and Accelerated Order Mechanism are examples of mitigating the inability to access technology. Third, programs to overcome reluctance to adopt accessible technology include health system strengthening efforts such as the capacity-building health workforces. Further actions of Korea are needed to collaborate with the initiatives to enhance health outcomes.