• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2010

Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the infants. The benefits of breastfeeding practices to infants and mothers are well documented. However, information on breastfeeding practices and its effect on body mass index (BMI) of mothers are scarce, particularly in Ekiti State of Nigeria. Therefore, the present study is designed to assess breastfeeding practices and its association with BMI of mothers. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted among breastfeeding mothers that attended postnatal clinic of the state specialist hospitals and maternity centers in the study location. The specialist hospital and two-third of the nine maternity centers were purposively selected because of their health facilities and personnel. The mother-child pairs (200 respondents) were randomly selected from the study locations. Information on demographic characteristic, socio-economic parameters, nutritional knowledge of breastfeeding and dietary intakes of mothers were collected using questionnaires. BMI of mothers was determined as described by World Health Organization. Age distribution of mothers was between 25-34 years; and almost half of respondents had good educational background and were engaged in different occupations. The respondent monthly income ranged between = N = 3500 - 26000 ($26.92 - $200); and their dietary intakes varied between starchy and protein-based food. The result also showed that the respondent consumed enough nutrients to meet up the recommended daily allowance for protein, carbohydrate, fat, zinc, magnesium, sodium and phosphorous requirements. The BMI classifications showed that over three-fifth of respondents were normal, while the remaining were underweight (6%) and overweight/obese (26.5%). Also, large proportion of respondents engaged in exclusive breastfeeding and with good knowledge of breastfeeding practices. Statistically, exclusive breastfeeding practices had no correlation between the BMI and frequency of breastfeeding. The study, therefore, concluded that mothers had good knowledge of breastfeeding practice; and that there was no association between breastfeeding practices and BMI.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2001

Objectives: Fatigue is a common symptom experienced by many people who visit Oriental medical clinics or hospital. However, there has been little study about the fatigue in the Oriental medical academic world. For this reason, we attempted to investigate the present status of fatigue of outpatients, and its relation with Health Practice Index(HPI). Methods: The subjects were 63 outpatients who visited the Tonification Clinic in Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center between January 1, 2001 and July 31, 2001. Their chief complaint was fatigue and they did not have any physical or mental problem. They were given a questionnaire which included questions reflecting general characteristics, fatigue degree and health habits. We measured degree of fatigue by Chalder scale et al. Health habits were investigated about 5 articles out of 'Breslow 7 Health habits'. Results: Among the subjects, 48 people(76.2%) were considered as 'fatigue patients' by the Chalder scale. Of this 48 fatigue patients, 27 people(56.3%) had manifested fatigue for more than 6 months. The average of scale II for all the patients was 14.05, which indicates moderate degree of fatigue. They complained fatigue, drowsiness and general weakness, dryness and discomfort of the eyes, headache, shoulder pain and neck stiffness, dizziness, heat in the upper part of the body, and poor concentration. There were no differences in degree of fatigue according to Health habits including exercise or not, smoking or not, the frequency of drinking, hours of sleeping, and body mass index. Conclusions: Many people complain fatigue symptom. Therefore doctors should have more interest in fatigue and care. This study can provide standards of prognosis of fatigue patients. Also prospective studies are needed to find relationship between health habits and fatigue degree.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2008

Background: Qigong is one of energy-healing intervention used to prevent and cure ailments and to improve health through regular practice. Although Qigong-neither itself nor its postulated mechanism of action-is within the paradigm of modern Western medical science, effects on the human body could be possible. Objectives: This study aims to know effect of Qigong training in a University student's physical, mental health and self-esteem. Method: There are 120 students who take a Yangsaengkigong(養生氣功) course in D University college of oriental medicine during four weeks beginning in April 10th 2008. I researched 41 of them trained about effect of Qigong training. Result: Qigong training made significant change in self-esteem measurement and SCL-90-R. And there wasn't significant change in KHP and happiness index. Conclusions: The depth study for the each Qigong is needed. Specifically, I think it should be a clinical studies and qualitative research methods for evaluation are needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.527-536
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• 2011

This study was performed to analyze children's perceptions and practice levels according to gender and obesity status using a dietary life safety index. A national survey was conducted on fifth grade children (n = 2,400), who were selected using three-stage stratified cluster sampling from 16 provinces. The average height was 144.8 cm, and weight was 38.8 kg. The average body mass index was 18.4 kg/$m^2$ and underweight, overweight, and obese children were identified using the 2009 KHNANES cutoff values, which were 5.3%, 10%, and 5.9%, respectively. The perception and practice scores for hand-washing prior to eating were high and the score for willing to buy at a clean store was also high. However, students answered that the hygiene level of food stores near the school was poor. More students skipped breakfast than lunch or dinner. The frequency scores for fruit and vegetables were significantly higher for girls than those for boys. Students had a good understanding of nutrition labeling but did not frequently check the label. Seventy-five percent of the students tried to avoid high calorie foods with low nutritional value, but only 40% had the appropriate knowledge about high calorie foods with low nutritional value. Girls had better dietary life perception and practice levels than those of boys. No differences in perception or practice levels were observed based on obesity status. Nutrition education on the importance of eating breakfast and having accurate knowledge on nutrition labeling and high calorie foods with low nutritional value is needed. Behavior-centered education should be implemented to improve the perceptions and practice level of student's dietary life.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 2023

Objective: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a form of obsessive-compulsive disorder that may be negatively associated with the self-image. It might be associated with orthodontic treatment demand and outcome, and therefore is important. Thus, this study was conducted. Methods: The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) questionnaire was used in 699 orthodontic patients above 12 years of age (222 males, 477 females), at seven clinics in two cities (2020-2021). BDD diagnosis and severity were calculated based on the first 3 items and all 12 items of the questionnaire. The dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC) was assessed by orthodontists. Multivariable and bivariable statistical analyses were performed on ordinal and dichotomized BDD diagnoses to assess potentially associated factors (IOTN-DHC, age, sex, marital status, education level, and previous orthodontic consultation) (α = 0.05). Results: IOTN-DHC scores 1-5 were seen in 13.0%, 39.9%, 29.8%, 12.4%, and 4.9% of patients. Age/sex/marital status/education were not associated with IOTN-DHC (p > 0.05). Based on 3-item questionnaire, 17.02% of patients had BDD (14.02% mild). Based on 12-item questionnaire, 2.86% had BDD. BDD was more prevalent or severer in females, married patients, patients with a previous history of orthodontic consultation, and patients with milder IOTN-DHCs (p < 0.05). Conclusions: IOTNDHC was negatively/slightly associated with BDD in orthodontic patients. Being female and married may increase BDD risk.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5920-5925
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• 2012

본 연구는 2011년 7월 23일부터 2011년 7월 26일까지 부산에 근무하고 있는 보육교사 205명을 대상으로 구강건강, 구강건강영향지수와 전신건강지수 관련성을 알아보고자 설문지를 자기기입식으로 작성하도록 하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 구강보건지식은 구강보건실천에 대하여 ${\gamma}$=.155, t=2.539로 유의한 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 식생활행태에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 구강보건실천정도는 구강건강영향지수에 ${\beta}$=-.001, t=-.008로 영향을 미치지 않았고, 식생활행태는 구강건강영향지수에 ${\beta}$=.172, t=2.560으로 유의한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 구강건강영향지수는 전신건강지수에 ${\beta}$=.582, t=10.275로 유의하게 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이상의 결과 보육교사들의 구강건강, 구강건강영향지수와 전신건강지수의 관련성을 분석하여 구강건강증진을 위한 프로그램 개발에 힘을 써 구강병을 예방하고, 보육교사들뿐만 아니라 영유아의 건강과 구강건강을 증진시키고, 나아가 구강건강영향지수를 향상 시킬 것이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.233-247
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the development process of the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The components of KHEI were selected based on Dietary Guidelines for Koreans, domestic and overseas dietary quality indices, and results of the analysis of association with chronic diseases. The standards for scoring of KHEI were selected based on the 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI). The KHEI scores of Korean adults were calculated using a 1-day 24-h recall data in the 2013-2015 KNHANES. RESULTS: The KHEI included eight adequacy components evaluating the proper intake of recommended foods such as fruit, vegetable, and milk and three moderation components evaluating the consumption of food that limit intake such as sodium and saturated fatty acid. In addition, three balance components assessing the balance of energy intake were included. The KHEI score was defined to range from the minimum of 0 point to the maximum of 100 points. Among Korean adults, the total KHEI score was 63.2 out of 100. Gender and age differences were found in the average of total KHEI scores. Women showed higher score than men (61.7 in men and 64.7 in women, respectively). By age group, 20s and 30s showed the lowest scores with 57.4 and 61.1 respectively, and the scores increased with age by peaking at 67.8 in ages 60-69 and slowed down again in ages 70 or over. CONCLUSIONS: The KHEI can be useful for establishing and assessing national nutritional policies and in epidemiological studies to assess the relationship between overall dietary quality and chronic diseases. KHEI will need to be continuously updated to reflect changes in dietary guidelines and the KDRI.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2004

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral health care programs in 3 school-based oral health care center among primary schoolchildren. Methods: School-based oral health care programs included fluoride mouth rinsing, pit and fissure sealing for permanent premolars and molars, fluoride gel application and chewing of xylitol candy. All of the programs were carried out by one dental hygienist among 'D' primary schoolchildren in Daegu city under the supervision of a dentist. Baseline dental examinations were completed and preventive care was implemented for 544 children during one year. All of the children visited a school-based oral health care center every three months for a regular check-up. The final oral examination was conducted from March 15 to April 1, 2004. The data analysis data was made on the basis of SAS 8.01. Mean differences between 2003 and 2004 data were compared by paired t-test. Corresponding p-values were considered significant at values less than 0.05. Results: The DMF rate and DFT index were reduced to 8.0% and 8.4% during one year respectively, but there were no statistically significant differences. The DMF rate was significantly reduced (16.3%) after a one year program of school-based oral health care practice. The DMFT(Decay Missing Filling Tooth) index was also reduced compared to 2003 throughout the entire grade. Conclusion: School-based oral health care programs can reduce the prevalence of dental caries prevalence among schoolchildren during one year. This program also improved the oral health capacity of schoolchildren. It is recommend that the school-based oral health care program should be extended to every primary school in Korea.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.552-564
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to develop a client health status outcome evaluation instrument, and examine content validity, reliability, construct validity, and the acceptability of this instrument. Method: A preliminary list was made of such key information as standards, criteria, indicators and measures, by means of a broad review of literature within the field. After determining the preliminary instruments, the study sought to obtain examination, consensus, and modification of two groups of experts in the home-care field. Finally, the instrument examined content validity, reliability, construct validity, and the acceptability of this instrument. Result: The tool was considered of 13 criteria, 48 indicators, and 167 detail measures. The content validity index of the tool was above 0.8 according to the expert group. Regarding the reliability of the evaluators of standards 1 and 2, the degree of agreement between evaluators was high(96.4% through 98.2%). Construct validity in this study, the difference in the mean score between the baseline point and the follow up point of each of standards 1 and 2 was significant, and the mean score of the follow up point was more than that of the baseline point. After examining the acceptability of this instrument with practice managers and home care nurses in home care institutions, a positive opinion was given of this instrument, and it was indicated that to be useful and applicable in home care practice. Conclusion: The results of evaluating client outcome will contribute to overall outcome-based quality improvement and service marketing in home care by providing a constant gauge of home care effectiveness.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.167-181
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• 2018

Purpose: We developed and tested the effects of a coping skill training program for caregivers in feeding difficulty among older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects comprised 34 caregivers (experimental group: 17, control group: 17) and 40 older adults with dementia (experimental group: 20, control group: 20). The developed program was delivered in 4-hour sessions over 6 weeks (including 2 weeks of lectures and lab practice on feeding difficulty coping skills, and 4 weeks of field practice). Data were collected before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after the program (January 3 to April 6, 2016). The data were analyzed using t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 20.0. Results: Compared to their counterparts in the control group, caregivers in the experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in feeding knowledge and feeding behavior, while older adults with dementia showed greater improvements in feeding difficulty and Body Mass Index. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that this coping skill training program for caregivers in feeding difficulty is an effective intervention for older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities.