• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 2008

Purpose: A study of the family planning and Maternal-Child Health Services that disciplined itself in primary health care post form 1980 to 2009. Method: Investigation studies family planning in primary health care post and a change process of a Maternal-Child Health Services into case by case until 2009 from 1980. Results: Our country family planning business began at economic development dimensions in order to solve a poverty issue. This business goal were childbirth decrease of pregnancy possibility couple aged 19~49 and improve to mother and child health. For this goal, all kinds of health education included sex education and contraception education, contraception service, comprehensive maternal and child health service that management of front and back of childbirth etc. are provided. According to fail down a birthrate from 6.0(1962) to 1.25(2009), the nation reached to a dilemma called childbirth encouragement policy. Conclusions: Decrease of labor supply by low birthrate, decrease numerical an employed person by aging was brought a labor shortage and decrease of productivity of labor of industrial manpower. Deterioration phenomenon of financial income and expenditure by consumption and investment contraction caused decrease of slowdown of economic growth and potential growth rate, and a social cost burden is increased by deterioration financial old man support burden increase by this and pensions and health insurance, a sharp increase of social welfare cost etc. Now, in order to solve a low birth issue, the government establishes a whole nation forwarding system and establishes basic plan social low birth and advanced age, and to prepare for childbirth fault factors removal and advanced age society shall endeavor.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.127-138
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the intrinsic strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities for success and threats of Korean health care industry when planning strategies to enter Chinese health care market. Methods: To suggest directions for planning the strategies, a SWOT(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis was used in combination with an AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) in this study. A total of twenty SWOT factors and the relative weight of SWOT groups were examined through a survey on the respondents who have work experiences in the area of entering Chinese market. Results: "Geographical proximity between Korea and China" was recognized as a key strength. "Absence of success case in medical service industry" was selected as a critical weakness. "Increase in demand for advanced medical services in China" was identified as an important opportunity. "Difficulty in establishing Korea-China partnership" was considered as a major threat. The respondents prioritized weaknesses, followed by threats, opportunities, and strengths when conducting strategic planning to enter Chinese health care market. Conclusions: Improving local hospital management plan as well as specializing in certain health care services may be necessary.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.1 s.21
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• pp.40-48
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• 1987

In this paper strategic planning is applied for effective management to improve hospital income. Though community hospital has been set up for improving the health status of community, it must be trying to increase income for continuing with referral hospital in the community. The most useful tool of management to do this purpose is thought of strategic planning. Therefore this paper developed strategic planning a typical community hospital, which for it presenting the strategic planning process and developing the simulation model for evaluation of strategic alternatives. In the result it is represented that admission rate is the most sensitive to hospital operating income among the important variables in the model. And simulation by changing the parameter could estimate the yearly hospital income in the response of alternatives. This strategic planning simulation model has had constraints as number of date but also significance such as evaluating the alternatives by quantitative model and at first applying the hospital in our country.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.461-471
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion program utilizing action planning strategy for young adults. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pre-post-test design was used. One hundred three university students participated in the study. Participants in the experimental group (n=51) were provided the health promotion program utilizing action planning strategy for five weeks. The program consisted of weekly sessions that included action planning and group feedback. The control group (n=52) was provided with health information every week for 5 weeks. Program outcomes, including self-efficacy, physical activity health behaviors, total exercise time per week, daily cigarette consumption, frequency of alcohol drinking per month, nutritional health behaviors, and subjective health status, were assessed at baseline and at follow-up after 5 weeks. Results: The participants in the experimental group demonstrated significant increases in self-efficacy, physical activity health behaviors, weekly exercise time, and nutritional health behaviors and significant decreases in daily cigarette consumption than those in the control group. Conclusion: The health promotion program utilizing action planning strategy is a brief and effective intervention to promote health behaviors among young adults. Further investigation is warranted to assess the program's effectiveness among other age groups and populations at high risk for chronic illness.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

Modern society is an era that demands higher standards of living, and accordingly healthier living conditions due to fast economic growth. This society is being confronted by the necessity to find strategies to promote and manage health condition in everyday living environment. The current 'wellbeing' trend which pursues holistic health including physical, psychological and social health has accelerated the demand for healthy environment. In this context, this study intended to identify health friendly planning features based on consumer's demand. Web survey technique was used as main research methodology. Stratified random sampling was used with age being used as the strata valuable. Two hundred and eleven data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package. As results, awareness about health housing and hierarchy of important planning features were empirically identified. Furthermore, significant differences in some planning features according to the age were scrutinized. Major health friendly features demanded by consumers were found ventilation, non-toxic material, view of nature, space in which family can gather, protection of their privacy. Consumers' recognitions and demands varied according to age. The older the resident was, the higher the demands appeared. The results are expected to be used as a reference to explore and develop strategies for future healthy housing.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 2016

A brief emergency planning educational presentation was taught during work hours to a convenience sample of employees of various workplaces in Northern Missouri, USA. Participants were familiarized with details about how an emergency plan is prepared by management and implemented by management-employee crisis management teams - focusing on both employee and management roles. They then applied the presentation information to assess their own organization's emergency preparedness level. Participants possessed significantly (p < 0.05) higher perceptions of their organization's level of emergency preparedness than non-participants. It is recommended that an assessment of organizational preparedness level supplement emergency planning educational presentations in order to immediately apply the material covered and encourage employees to become more involved in their organization's emergency planning and response. Educational strategies that involve management-employee collaboration in activities tailored to each workplace's operations and risk level for emergencies should be implemented.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.19-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of neighborhood sports activity facilities on the exercise time and subjective health level using the National Sport Participation Survey data(2013-2015) in Seoul, Korea. We conducted path analysis including exercise time, subjective health level and various environmental factors. From the survey data, we extracted individual's characteristics including subjective health and exercise time. In addition, we calculated physical environment variables of neighborhood units. The results of this study are as follow. First, most of moderating variables such as gender, age, income and job showed expected relationships with exercise time or subjective health level. Second, the perceived level regarding neighborhood sports facilities such as public sports facilities had a strong positive association with exercise time and subjective health level. Third, the area of public sports facility, neighborhood park and the number of schools had positive effects on the exercise time and subjective health level. Lastly, land use mix and the number of intersections showed a positive effects on exercise time. To sum up, the results indicated that public sports facility, neighborhood park and perceived environment on neighborhood sports facility are critical factors of residents' exercise time and subjective health level.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.429-434
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• 2013

This study was designed to investigate the formation of ethyl carbamate (EC) during the ripening of Maesil with sugar and Soju (19.5~35% alcohol contents) using a homemade method. Maesil, sugar and Soju were purchased at ordinary market in June of 2012. The preparation of sample for analysis was conducted by method of Henry et al. The analysis of GC/MS was used SIM mode (m/z 89, 74, 62). Quantification was performed in terms of the 62 ion and was based on an internal standard procedure. Good linearity was obtained with a regression coefficient ($r^2$ = 0.993). Low detection limits (LOD) was achieved 4.31 ug/kg and recovery for alcohol was 74.8%. During 90 days, fermentation with sugar was not detected EC (under LOQ). 15 days ripened Maesil wine contained EC between non detected~32.7 ug/kg and 90 days ripened Maesil wine was 19.7~87.4 ug/kg. Higher proportion of Maesil and Soju increased EC contents. EC levels were increased 32.7 ug/kg to 87.4 ug/kg in the ratio of Maesil to 35% alcohol-Soju (1:1). In the ratio of Maesil to 35% alcohol-Soju (1:3) was increased non detected to 69.7 ug/kg. After 90 days, Maesil wine was filtered Maesil through a seive and ripened by 180 days to investigate the formation of EC compared with non filtered. Treatment of filtered, EC contents was much higher level compared with non filtered. Therefore, this result showed that alcohol contents contribute to increase EC formation more than Maesil.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.465-502
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to find out the general characteristics of school health teachers, the status of school health resources and the degrees of self-confident performance for the 124 school health teachers in Pusan City. Data was collected by means of questionaires from Aug. 1986 to Mar. 1987. The data were analyzed by use of percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson-correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1 . General Characteristics of School Health Teachers (SHT) 1) The average of age of the SHT was 32.8 years old and 39.5% of them were from 30 to 34 years old. 2) The average for school nursing experience of the SHT was 7.9 years and 37.9% of them were from 5 to 9 years. 3) The 45.2% of them have not the clinical experience. 4) The 74.2% of them were graduated from the 3 years college of nursing. 2. Status of school health resources and nursing activities. 1) The average of student number was 2497.3 and class number was 45.2. 2) The average of school health budget was 1039000 won and 27.7% of school health budget expended on examination cost. 3) Only 29.0% of all schools have organization for school health. 4) The 84.7% of all schools have health clinic separately and 69.1% of schools have less than $33m^2$ sized. 5) The average of clinic visitor number was 2111.8 for 1 year. 6) Major problem was on digestive system. And other problems were skin, respiratory, musculo-skeletal system and dental problem. 7) The number of literal message was 14.4 times for 1 year. 3. The degree of the school health teachers' self-confidence. The school health teachers' self-confidence was deviced into 6 and the maximum degree was 4. 1) Program planning & evaluation; 2.8 2) Clinic management; 2.9 3) Health education, 3.0 4) Management of school environment; 2.7 5) Health care services; 2.7 6) Operating of school health organization; 2.4 4. Significances to the degree of self-confidence on school health nursing activities. 1) There was significant difference between clinical management and Religion (t=2.15 p<.05) 2) There was significant difference between Operating of school health organization and level of school (F=3.588 p<.05) 3) Program planning & evaluation: expending time for clinical management (r=-0.184 p<.05) expending time for health care services (r=0.273 p<.01) 4) Clinical management: use of separate health clinic (r=0.151 p<.05) 5) Health education: use of separate health clinic (r=0.170 p<0.5) 6) Health care services: No. of student (r=-0.144 p<0.5) No. of class (r=-0.160 p<.05) 5. The degree of the school health teachers' self-discipline. The school health teachers' self-discipline was devided into 2 and the maximum degree was 2. 1) Program planning & evaluation:1.8 2) Clinic management: 1.9 3) Health education: 1.9 4) Management of school environment: 1.7 5) Health care services: 1.8 6) Operating of school health organization.: 1.3 6. Significances to the degree of self-discipline on school health nursing activities 1) Program planning & evaluation; Level of nursing education (F=4.309 p<.01) 2) Clinical management: Level of nursing education (F=3.587 p<.05) 3) Operating of school health organization: School health organization (t=-2.68 p<.01) 4) Health care services: School health organization (t=2,58 p<.05) 5) School health performance: School health organization (t=2.32 p<.05) 6) Program planning & evaluation: School health experience (r=0.239 p<.01) Expending time for program planning & evaluation (r=-0.172 p<.05) 7) Clinic management: School health experience (r=0.249 p<.01) Expending time for dinic management (r=0.181 p<.05) No. of student (r=-0.158 p<.05) Expending time of program planning & evaluation (r=-0.199 p<0.5) 8) Health education: School health experience (r=0.234 p<0.1) Expending time of program planning & evaluation (r=-0.193 p<.05) 9) Management of school environment: Age of school health teacher (r=0.142 p<.05) School health experience (r=0.255 p<.01) 10) Operating of school health organization: Medicine Purchase (r=-0.163 p<.05) 11) Health care services: School health experience (r=0.148 p<.05) Medicine purchase (r=-0.229 p<.01) 12) Total school health performance: School health experience (r=0.200 p<.05) Medicine purchase(r=-0.168 p<.05) Based on the above results, the suggestions are as follows: 1) As the SHT take charge of the reasonable number of student, the students will have benefit of the good health service in quality. 2) It is recommended to use the health clinic separately and to arrange adequate place for good school health service. 3) It is necessary that the SHT participate budget for school health. 4) It is required to enhance self-confidence on school health nursing activities through continuous educational programs.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.192-203
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• 2020

Objectives: The concentration distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenlys (dl-PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine particles were investigated to provide basic data on POP behavior and composition analysis. Methods: The concentrations of PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and PAHs by particle size were evaluated for TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5. Also, fine dust component analysis and factor analysis were performed to identify the source of PCDD/Fs. Results: The particle size distribution was found to account for 24.3% of >10 ㎛, 14.5% of 2.5-10 ㎛, and 61.2% of <2.5 ㎛. The average contributions of coarse particles (>2.5 ㎛) and fine particles (<2.5 ㎛) were PCDD/Fs 67%, dl-PCBs 66%, benzo (a) pyrene 83% and PAHs 84%, and the contributions of fine particles (<2.5 ㎛) were higher than coarse particles (>2.5 ㎛). However, the contributions of coarse particles increased in April to September with higher temperatures, while those of fine particles increased in February to March with lower temperatures. Conclusions: Low chlorinated (4Cl-5Cl) PCDD/Fs were more adsorbed compared to coarse particles due to the influence of pollutant migration from particulate to gas phase according to temperature rise, whereas high chlorinated (6Cl-8Cl) PCDD/Fs were more adsorbed compared to fine particles. PCDD/Fs sources were assessed to be major sources of emissions, such as incineration facilities and/or open burning.