• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2009

This paper objected which prevented the accident occurrence of the related farm work, and developed the evaluation indicators for safety supervision on life environment of farmer and farm work to evaluate the health of farm worker and a musculoskeletal disorders. We selected the evaluation item to 82 items for executing the secondary Delphi investigation and the literature research which composed the farm work relationship specialist conference. We applied the index production of the evaluation indicators to decide the detailed element weight from the element which is farm work, the farm machine and the organization, farm workshop, dangerous substance, and life environment through the AHP techniques. Through the result, we can apply other ergonomic evaluation instrument of farm work field, but also the evaluation indicators for safety supervision on farm work.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2021

국립공원공단에서는 공원 자연 생태계의 효율적 보전·관리를 위해 2012년부터 생태계 건강성 평가를 실시하였다. 그러나 자연공원법 개정, 정책 변화, 관리 지표 부재에 따라 지표 개선의 필요성을 인식하였다. 특히 기존지표에서는 해양생태계평가 지표 부재, 정책변화와 시대적 요구를 반영하지 못하는 어려움이 있었다. 또한 기존 평가시스템은 멸종위기종, 생태계교란종, 종다양도, 수질 (BOD, DO), 서식지파편화 지표 등으로 생물종 중심의 비중이 높았다. 평가결과는 5등급 체계로 구성되어 각 지표에 대한 즉각적인 변화를 분석하기 어려웠다. 따라서, 평가시스템 개선을 통해 BPI와 서식지복원지표를 추가하였다. 종다양도는 4개 분류군을 대상으로만 평가하였으나, 10개 분류군으로 전체 공원을 평가하였다. 평가 등급은 5개 상태, 5 등급에서 5개 상태, 10 등급으로 세분화하여 픽토그램으로 제시하였다. 평가결과 개선 전과 전체적으로 유사한 경향성을 보였고, 3단계에서 5단계로 확대 되었다. 그러나 월악산국립공원은 개선 전 평가 결과보다 낮고, 주왕산국립공원은 높게 평가되었다. 본 연구는 생태계 건강성 평가 시스템 개선을 통해 국립공원 생태계의 과학적·체계적 관리에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of microbiological contamination of kitchen utensils and environments of food service operations at university located in Seoul, Korea. Methods: We collected swab samples from the surfaces of knives, chopping boards, floors, and drains, as well as drinking water and airborne bacteria samples from 20 food service operations. Three bacterial indicators and five food poisoning bacteria were measured quantitatively and qualitatively, respectively. We used selective culture media and the PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA gene for the microbiological analysis. Results: We detected bacterial indicators on knives or chopping boards in eight different food service operations and, three food service operations (I, M, and O) showed more than 3 log colony forming units $(CFU)/100cm^2$ on their knives, significantly higher than the others. The levels of bacterial indicators on the floors and drains in the cooking areas were much higher than those on the cooking utensils. S. aureus was detected on 10 floors and 8 drains. Culturable bacteria were identified in 5 drinking water samples, and food service operation B ($431.1CFU/m^3$) and C ($551.2CFU/m^3$) showed more than $400CFU/m^3$ of total airborne bacteria. Conclusions: These results suggest that some of food service operations in this study may require additional investigation to secure the microbial safety of cooking environments. In addition, further actions including hygiene education for employees and proper guidelines to maintain clean cooking environments should be prepared.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.381-387
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to determine how the association between socioeconomic position(SEP) and health status changes with age among Seoul residents aged 25 and over. Methods: We utilized the 2001 and 2005 Seoul Citizens Health Indicators Surveys. We used self-rated 'poor' health status as an outcome variable, and family income as an indicator of SEP. In order to characterize the differential effects of socioeconomic position on health by age, we conducted separate multivariate analyses by 10-year age groups, controlling for sociodemographic covariates. In order to assess the relative health inequality across socioeconomic groups, we estimated the Relative Index of Inequality (RII). Results: The risk of 'poor health' is significantly high in low family income groups, and this increased risk is seen at all ages. However, the magnitude of relative socioeconomic inequality in health, as measured by the odds ratio and RII, is not identical across age groups. The difference in health across income groups is small in early adulthood (ages 25-34), but increases with age until relatively late in life (ages 35-64). It then decreases among the elderly population (ages more than 65). When the RII reported in 2005 is compared to that reported in 2001, RII can be seen to have increased across all ages, with the exception of individuals aged 25-34. Conclusions: The magnitude of health inequality is the greatest during mid- to late adulthood (ages 45-64). In addition, health inequalities have worsened between 2001 and 2005 across all age groups after economic crisis.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2009

Objectives: This study aimed to examined the socioeconomic disparities in oral health related behaviors and to assess if those behaviors eliminate socioeconomic disparities in oral health in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 30-64. Methods: Data are from the Korea Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005). Behaviors were indicated by smoking, over intake of daily calories from carbohydrate, perceived stress, frequency of daily tooth brushing, use of oral hygiene goods, insufficient oral treatment. Oral health outcomes were self-reported dental caries and periodontitis during the last 12 months and perceived oral health. Education, household income, and employed status indicated socioeconomic position. Sex, age, residential area, marital status were adjusted for in the logistic regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess socioeconomic disparities in behaviors. Logistic regression model adjusting and not adjusting for behaviors were compared to assess the change in socioeconomic disparities in oral health. Results: Clear socioeconomic disparities in all behaviors were showed. After adjusting for behaviors, the association between oral health and socioeconomic indicators attenuated but did not disappear. For example, the odd ratios of reporting poorer oral health for persons in no education or elementary school education and middle school education groups, compared with college or higher education group, were 1.77 (95% CI: 1.36-2.29) and 1.56 (1.19-1.97), respectively. After adjusting for all indicators of behaviors, these odds ratios attenuated to 1.54 (1.17-2.03) and 1.48 (1.15-1.91) for those groups, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the presence of more complex determinants of socioeconomic disparities in oral health should be considered with developing preventive policies for those disparities.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.491-499
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• 2020

Background: Assembly lines work is frequently associated to work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. The related disability and absenteeism make it important to implement efficient health surveillance systems. The main objective of this study was to identify self-reported variables that can determine work-related upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms-discomfort/pain-during a 6-month follow-up. Methods: This was a prospective study with a 6-month follow-up period, performed in an assembly line. Upper limb musculoskeletal discomfort/pain was assessed through the presence of self-reported symptoms. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate which self-reported variables were associated to upper limb symptoms after 6 months at the present and to upper limbs symptoms in the past month. Results: Of the 200 workers at baseline, 145 replied to the survey after 6 months. For both outcomes, "having upper limb symptoms during the previous 6 months" and "education" were possible predictors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that having previous upper limb symptoms was related to its maintenance after 6 months, sustaining it as a specific determinant. It can be a hypothesis that this population had mainly workers with chronic symptoms, although our results give only limited support to self-reported indicators as determinants for upper limb symptoms. Nevertheless, the development of an efficient health surveillance system for high demanding jobs should implicate self-reported indicators, but also clinical and work conditions assessment should be accounted on the future.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2020

연안개발에 따른 유기물 오염은 유기물 오염지표종의 분포를 증가시키고, 증가된 유기물 오염지표종이 대상해역에 장기간 우점하여 저서생태계를 교란시킨다. 하지만 아직까지 우리나라 전 해역을 대상으로 조하대 저서생태계 유기물 오염정도를 확인한 연구가 미미한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 연안개발 환경영향평가 대상사업의 조하대 저서동물 조사결과를 분석하여 유기물 오염지표종의 분포를 확인하고, 우리나라 전 해역 조하대 유기물 오염정도를 간접적으로 확인하였다. 유기물 오염지표종별 분포 현황을 이미지 프로그램을 통해 지도로 작성하고, 전체 출현분포 현황을 통해 전 연안의 저서건강도지수(BHI, Benthic Health Index)를 도식화하였다. 유기물 오염정도는 사업구분 및 유기물 오염지표종별 분포가 다양하였으며, 유기물 오염지표종 중 Lumbrineris sp.가 전 해역에 가장 우점한 것으로 확인되었고, 전체 조하대 유기물 오염정도와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 앞으로의 조하대 저서생태계 유기물 오염정도는 유기물 오염지표종 분포를 통해 확인하고, 향후 연안개발 계획 수립 시 참고자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 또한, 유기물 오염지표종 중 Lumbrineris sp.의 분포는 간접적으로 개발 대상지의 유기물 오염정도를 평가할 수 있는 지표로 사용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore prevalence and causal factors of musculoskeletal diseases on nurses. Methods: This study was an integrated review. Documentations were searched through electric databases using SAGE journals, EBSCOhost, Pubmed, RISS, NDSL and KCI. Terminology for this review was "Nurse" and "Musculoskeletal" and language versions were Korean or English. Number of final articles was 70 (Korean articles were 11 and english versions were 59). Results: Studies related to musculoskeletal diseases on nurses started in Sweden and USA from 1995. Subjects of studies were general hospital nurses in 50 out of 70 studies. Lower back in Korea and waist in other countries were highest areas of muculoskeletal disease's prevalence. Revisable factors of musculoskeletal diseases on nurses included physical, psychosocial and environmental factors that were more than unrevised factors. Conclusion: This study suggests to develop programs for preventing musculoskeletal disease of lower back or waist in general hospitals because of high frequency. Interventions to prevent musculoskeletal diseases need to consider prevalence and quality indicators on nurses.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.748-759
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of spouses participating in health coaching on stage of the change, health behaviors, and physiological indicators among male office workers with cardiocerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and compare the findings with trainers who provided health coaching only to workers. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from a manufacturing research and development company in the city of Gyeonggi province. The health coaching program for the experimental group (n=26) included individual counseling sessions according to workers' stage of change, and provision of customized health information materials on CVD prevention to workers and their spouses for 12 weeks through mobile phone and email. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the total score for health behavior, and scores on the sub-areas of exercise and health checkups significantly improved in the experimental group, but there were no significant differences in the scores of stage of the change and physical indicators. The results of a paired t-test showed a significant decrease in the body mass index, abdominal circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride values, and a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol value in the experimental group after the intervention. Conclusion: To improve the health of male workers with CVD risk factors in the workplace, sharing health information with their spouses has proven to be more effective than health coaching for only workers. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to encourage spousal participation when planning workplace health education for changing health-related behaviors.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2020

본 연구는 건강증진을 위한 도시공원 평가하기 위해 물리적 환경 요소를 해외사례와 선행연구를 통해 지표를 선정하고, 이를 정량적·정성적으로 분석하였다. 조사대상지는 서울시에 조성된 근린공원을 지역적 분배를 고려하여 서대문독립공원, 홍릉근린공원, 고척근린공원, 신림근린공원, 청담근린공원, 개포근린공원, 숭인근린공원 7개이다. 평가 지표는 정량적 지표 (공원의 배후지역 환경, 공원 특성, 공원 시설물 3가지 분류에 따른 12가지 요소), 정성적 지표(접근성, 안전성, 편의성, 활동성, 어메니티 5가지 분류에 따른 14가지 요소)를 선정하였다. 지표 선정방법은 전문가 자문회의를 통해 선정하였으며, 물리적 환경 인식 요소의 평가방법은 전문가와 조사원이 현장관찰을 통해 3점 척도(상·중·하)로 조사하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 건강증진을 위한 지표는 운동시설이나 산책로 뿐 아니라, 휴식공간, 여가 및 문화시설, 접근성, 청결, 식수대 등 건강 활동을 지원하는 다양한 요소들이 주요한 지표임을 알았다. 둘째, 정량적인 지표로는 요건을 갖추고 있다 할지라도 정성적인 평가에서는 실제 구현시키거나, 이용하는데 불편함이 많아 공원의 물리적 환경에 대한 정량적 정성적 평가가 동시에 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 물리적 환경요소에 대한 정성적 평가 결과 유형별, 공원별 점수차가 나타났는데, 건강증진을 위한 운동시설, 체력단련시설 등 활동성보다는 접근성, 안전성, 편의성과 같은 간접적 지표가 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 최근 COVID-19 등으로 공원 이용률이 증가하고 있고, 포스트 코로나 시대에는 공원의 서비스 증진을 위해 더욱 노력해야 한다. 이를 위해 정기적으로 정량적·정성적 지표를 평가하여 공원의 서비스를 증진시키고, 직접적 요인 뿐 아니라 간접적·보안적인 지표들에 대한 서비스 고려가 필요하다.