• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2007

Background & Objective, Methods: This study aims to analyze the reason why if university students feel lack of sleep and study how much we know about correct sleeping habits and thus increase attention on correct sleeping habits and prepare plans for applying this into our lives thus 210 male and female students from 2 universities in Daegu were studied during May 10 and 15 of 2006 and the summary and results are as follows. Results: Sleeping is very important since it as much as takes about 1/3 of our lives. However, most of students do not sleep well. Therefore, this study researched the reason for not sleeping well and the status on incorrect sleeping habits subjecting 210 university students. The results of this research showed that average sleeping hours are for $6{\sim}8$ hours and majority of students went to bed before lam and got up before 7am. Majority of students went to bed late to watch TV or doing computers from both male and female students followed by attending various gatherings. It took $10{\sim}20$ minutes to fall asleep and reasons for waking up while sleeping was with no special reason. The most sleepy time was after meals at 39% followed by during class, during daytime, while using transportations. More female students answered to take nap than male students and majority of them answered as taking nap for less than 2 hours. And, 51% answered that they slept well and 49% answered that they did not, and majority of them answered the reason for not sleeping well as being sensitive, or because of dreams and nightmares. Chronic fatigue was the biggest cause for lack of sleeping followed by fall in concentration, skin diseases. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that we need to take plenty of sleep by exercising regularly or sleeping for daily appropriate hours, maintaining peaceful mind before going to bed, avoid taking naps and limiting the time for watching TV and doing computers to develop correct sleeping habits. Also, we hope that it will Provide an opportunity to live healthy and quality lives mentally as well as physically by realizing and practicing the importance and necessity of sleeping.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2000

Nurses working with families who has a hospitalized child are aware of the complexity of the tasks and stresses they deal with new setting of environment. The challenge is to assess the family coping activity that require the most immediate intervention for the effective nursing care for child and family. This study describe the family coping inventory for the clinical guidance to identify a family coping with stressors. The purpose of this study was to look at the factors related to the family's coping activity when the child was hospitalized. The data were collected with a questionnaire between July and August, 1999, in a sample of 106 families who have hospitalized child. Family coping was assessed using Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale(F-COPES). Data was analyzed using correlation coefficient and analysis of variance. Positive correlation was found between social support, reframe with mobilizing the family to acquire and accept help in sub-domain of family coping. Strongest correlation existed between the family's spiritual support and total family coping. The type of diagnosis, the level of family income, religion, and child's age were significantly different in family coping. The result show that the family coping is affected by the characteristics of child and family, as well as the factors of coping activity. Therefore, early assessment of family coping skill and activity is important to the prevention of problem with function toward wholeness as a unit and child's well being. It can be used with a broad range of child's hospitalization process. It also serve as a nursing record and planning tool for documenting issues that may become priorities for future interventions.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The aim of the study was to evaluate the optical properties of new generation (3Y-TZP) monolithic zirconia (MZ) with different abutment types and resin cement shades. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A1/LT MZ specimens were prepared (10 × 12 × 1 mm, N = 30) and divided into 3 groups according to cement shades as transparent (Tr), yellow (Y) and opaque (O). Abutment specimens were obtained from 4 different materials including zirconia (Group Z), hybrid (Group H), titanium (Group T) and anodized yellow titanium (Group AT). MZ and abutment specimens were then cemented. L^*, a^*, and b^* parameters were obtained from MZ, MZ + abutment, and MZ + abutment + cement. ∆E₀₀₁^* (between MZ and MZ + abutment), ∆E₀₀₂^* (between MZ and MZ + abutment + cement) and ∆E₀₀₃^* (between MZ + abutment and MZ + abutment + cement) values were calculated. Statistical analyses included 2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Paired Sample t-Tests (P < .05). RESULTS. Abutment types and resin cements had significant effect on L^*, a^*, b^*, ∆E₀₀₁^*, ∆E₀₀₂^*, and ∆E₀₀₃^* values (P < .001). Without cementation, whereas zirconia abutment resulted in the least discoloration (∆E₀₀₁^* = 0.68), titanium abutment caused the most discoloration (∆E₀₀₁^* = 4.99). The least ∆E₀₀₂^* = 0.68 value was seen using zirconia abutment after cementation with yellow shaded cement. Opaque shaded cement caused the most color change (∆E₀₀₃^* = 5.24). Cement application increased the L^* values in all groups. CONCLUSION. The least color change with/without cement was observed in crown configurations created with zirconia abutments. Zirconia and hybrid abutments produced significantly lower ∆E₀₀₂^* and ∆E₀₀₃^* values in combination with yellow shaded cement. The usage of opaque shaded cement in titanium/anodized titanium groups may enable the clinically unacceptable ∆E₀₀^* value to reach the acceptable level.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2010

Background: Auricular acupressure is one of the traditional health care treatments in oriental medicine. Approximately, 30~40% of the cancer patients have said to be suffering from insomnia and half of them having chronic and severe insomnia at the same time. Insomnia caused cancer patients feel more pain, fatigue, depression and anxiety and it sometimes let the power to have the best of cancer pull down. Objective: To investigate how effective the auricular acupressure treatment to cancer patients suffering from insomnia. Methods: We recruited participants from East-West Cancer Center of Daejeon University. Finally, of the people whose age range from 20 to 75, 12 patients who got less than 40 points from the score of Oh's sleeping score (OSS) were recruited. Single-blind, randomized pilot study was performed. The treatment group received auricular acupressure treatment (AAT) on active points and the control group had received sham acupressure treatment (SAT) for five times. Sleep parameters were checked by using OSS and numeric rating scale (NRS). We checked the scale everytime, both before and after treatment. We analyzed the data statistically by using independent T-test, paired T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. (p<0.05) Results: Twelve cancer patients participated in this pilot study and there was no significant difference between control and treatment group. Only 7 of them had completed the whole treatment process, 4 patients of AAT group and 3 participants of SAT. The OSS of AAT group had increased from $34.0{\pm}4.3$ to $39.5{\pm}3.1$ and that of SAT group had increased from $38.3{\pm}3.5$ to $40.0{\pm}0.0$. There was no significant difference between them. The NRS of AAT group had increased from $6.3{\pm}2.9$, $04.8{\pm}2.1$ and that of SAT group had increased from $7.0{\pm}1.0$ to $5.0{\pm}2.6$. No significant difference was observed between them. Conclusion: Although both groups did not show significant differences, most of the experimental participants showed increasing OSS and NRS after treatments. Significant participants' number will be needed in the next study.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2006

Previously we have reported that black ginseng was produced by nine-time repeated steaming 5-year fresh ginsengs at 95${\circ}$C for 3hr in pottery apparatus and drying at 60${\circ}$C for 12${\sim}$36 hr and had an outstanding anticancer activity. This study was designed to examine the ability of black ginseng to suppress body weight gain appetite, and to investigate the effect of black ginseng on lipid profile in male rats fed normal diets. The extract of black ginseng was administered daily for 3 weeks, and the changes of body weight and food intake were measured. After administering the extracts for 3 weeks, the fat weight and serum lipid levels were also measured. Black ginseng persistently suppressed weigh gain and food intake was also reduced, but not significantly; The weight of both epididymal and abdominal fats was decreased In black ginseng-treated rats. Serum triglyceride level in rats administered with black ginseng was also significantly lowered. Therefore, these results reveal that the repeated administration of black ginseng causes a suppression of body weigh gain by decreasing triglyceride level in blood and body fat deposit.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2019

Background: The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is an anatomical lateral skull base space composed by the zygoma, temporal, and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Due to its difficult approach, surgical intervention at the ITF has remained a heavy burden to surgeons. The aim of this article is to review basic skull base approaches and ITF structures and to avoid severe complications based on the accurate surgical knowledge. Methods: A search of the recent literature using MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, and other online tools was executed using the following keyword combinations: infratemporal fossa, subtemporal fossa, transzygomatic approach, orbitozygomatic approach, transmaxillary approach, facial translocation approach, midface degloving, zygomatico-transmandibular approach, and lateral skull base. Aside from our Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) trial, there have been very few randomized controlled trials. The search data for this review are summarized based on the authors' diverse clinical experiences. Results: We divided our results based on representative skull base approaches and the anatomy of the ITF. Basic approaches to the ITF include endoscopic endonasal, transzygomatic, orbitozygomatic, zygomatico-transmandibular, transmaxillary, facial translocation, and the midfacial degloving approach. The borders and inner structures of the ITF (with basic lateral skull base dissection schemes) are summarized, and the modified zygomatico-transmandibular approach (ZTMA) is described in detail. Conclusions: An anatomical basic knowledge would be required for the appropriate management of the ITF pathology for diverse specialized doctors, including maxillofacial, plastic, and vascular surgeons. The ITF approach, in conjunction with the application of microsurgical techniques and improved perioperative care, has permitted significant advances and successful curative outcomes for patients having malignancy in ITF.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2019

The pathogen Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease worldwide. The decision to initiate long-term antibiotic treatment is difficult for the physician due to inconsistent disease progression and adverse effects associated with the antibiotic treatment. The prognostic factors for the progression of MAC pulmonary disease are low body mass index, poor nutritional status, presence of cavitary lesion(s), extensive disease, and a positive acid-fast bacilli smear. A regimen consisting of macrolides (clarithromycin or azithromycin) with rifampin and ethambutol has been recommended; this regimen significantly improves the treatment of MAC pulmonary disease and should be maintained for at least 12 months after negative sputum culture conversion. However, the rates of default and disease recurrence after treatment completion are still high. Moreover, treatment failure or macrolide resistance can occur, although in some refractory cases, surgical lung resection can improve treatment outcomes. However, surgical resection should be carefully performed in a well-equipped center and be based on a rigorous risk-benefit analysis in a multidisciplinary setting. New therapies, including clofazimine, inhaled amikacin, and bedaquiline, have shown promising results for the treatment of MAC pulmonary disease, especially in patients with treatment failure or macrolide-resistant MAC pulmonary disease. However, further evidence of the efficacy and safety of these new treatment regimens is needed. Also, a new consensus is needed for treatment outcome definitions as widespread use of these definitions could increase the quality of evidence for the treatment of MAC pulmonary disease.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

흉부방사선 영상의 평가는 시각에 의한 사진평가가 가장 실용적이고 효과적인 방법으로 알려져 있다. 미국 방사선 안전국 규정 평가표(Bureau of Radiological Health, BRH)는 흉부방사선 영상의 해부학적 평가와 물리적 평가를 합하여 평가하는 효율적인 영상 평가방법이다. 본 연구는 여성 351명의 흉부방사선 영상을 체질량지수(Body Mass Index, BMI)와 허리둘레, 관전류량(mAs)과의 관계를 비교하고, 미국 방사선 안전국 규정 평가표를 사용하여 흉부 방사선 영상품질평가를 시행하였다. 대상자의 평균 연령은 $30.17{\pm}4.73$세이고, 허리둘레는 평균 $66.91{\pm}4.67cm$이었다. 체질량지수 값의 평균은 $20.21{\pm}2.23$으로 나타났으며, 전체 대상자의 관전류량 평균값은 $3.04{\pm}0.78$이고, 미국 방사선 안전국 규정 평균값은 $79.83{\pm}8.45$이었다. 허리둘레가 커질수록 관전류량 값이 증가함으로 나타났으며, 체질량지수가 커질수록 mAs값도 증가하였다. 연구대상자의 허리둘레, 관전류량, 미국 방사선 안전국 규정 값은 체질량지수 값이 커지면 허리둘레와 관전류량 평균값이 증가하였고, 미국 방사선 안전국 규정 값은 체질량지수가 높은 그룹이 낮은 그룹에 비하여 상대적으로 낮게 나타났으며, 통계적으로 유의하였다. 흉부검사 시 피검자의 신체두께나 체질량지수에 따라 자동노출제어 장치의 노출제어가 적절히 잘 이루어진 것으로 생각되며, 체질량지수가 증가할수록 신체두께가 커지고 또한 여성의 유방 두께도 증가하여 자동노출제어 장치에 의한 노출량이 변화되어 영상품질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각되어진다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2005

본 연구는 고혈합 진단을 받고 일개 도농복합 2개 지역 12개 보건진료소에 등록된 고혈압 환자 중 연구에 동의한 304명을 대상으로 2004년 6월 21일 ~ 7월 16일까지 4주간에 걸쳐 고혈압 환자들의 약물치료 및 생활요법에 대한 순응정도와 이에 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 실시되었다. 순응군은 약물요법을 꾸준히 하면서 생활요법 측정 점수가 9점 이상인 군으로 하였고, 약물요법은 꾸준히 하지 않거나 생활요법 점수가 9점 미만인 군을 비순응군으로 분류 하였고, 일반적인 특성, 건강신념모델변수, 고혈압에 대한 지식, 자기효능감 등을 조사 하였다. 또한 남자와 여자의 특성이 다를 것으로 생각하고 남녀 각각에 대해 순응군과 비순응군으로 분류하여 통계적인 분석을 실시하였으며, 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 규칙적으로 약물치료를 받는다고 응답한 경우 남자(90.3%), 여자(93.3%), 생활요법을 실행 한다고 응답한 경우 남자(452%), 여자(56.4%)로 나타났다. 2. 남자는 교육수준이 높을수록 고혈압에 대한 순응군이 높았으며 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 3. 남녀순응군에 있어서 자기효능감 점수가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 여자순응군에 있어서 고혈압에 대한 지식 점수가 유의 하게 높았다(p<0.05). 4. 건강신념모델 변수와 관련해서는 남자에서는 감수성과 유익성, 여자에서는 심각성, 유익성, 장애도가 유의한 변수였다(p<0.05). 5. 순응군과 비순응군을 종속변수로 한 다중로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 남자에 있어서는 교육수준, 자기효능감이 여자에 있어서는 고혈압에 대한 지식, 자기효능감, 유익성이 통계적으로 유의한 변수로 나타났다(p<0.05). 고혈압 환자의 관리에 있어 약물치료 못지않게 중요한 것은 생활습관의 개선이다. 보건진료소에 등록된 고혈압 환자의 경우 대부분 규칙적인 약물치료를 받고 있어, 보건진료원은 이에 대한 정기적인 확인과 더불어 잘못된 생활습관을 고칠 수 있도록 하고 효과적인 보건교육을 통해 고혈압에 대한 올바른 지식을 습득하도록 하여야겠다. 또한 환자들을 대상으로 자기효능감을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색하여 생활습관 개선을 통한 합병증 예방 등 순응에 따른 유익성에 대해 보다 적극적으로 인지시켜야겠다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.256-266
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• 2009

본 연구는 65세 이상 빈곤층 여성 노인의 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위하여 방문건강 관리사업 대상자 중 노인 교육프로그램 대상에게 수집된 기초자료를 분석한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 방문건강관리사업 대상자로, 2008년 4월 1일부터 5월 30일까지 기초생활수급권자, 차상위계층, 건강보험료부과하위 20%에 속하는 빈곤층 여성 노인 1,410명을 임의표출하여 조사하였다. 방문간호사가 대상자에게 자료 수집 및 방문건강관리서비스 제공에 대하여 설명하고, 대상자가 동의한 이후에 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 직접 면담을 통해 시행하였고 이 중 1,208명만이 최종분석에 포함되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS프로그램을 이용하여 서술적통계분석, Pearson correlation coefficients, $x^2$-test, 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였고, 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구대상자의 연령은 75~84세가 54.4%로 가장 많았고, 배우자가 없는 경우가 87.8%로 무 배우자 비율이 높고, 간접적 경제수준인 의료보장 유형에서 의료급여가 74.9%를 차지하였다. 교육수준은 무학이거나 초등학교 졸업이 92.4%로 조사되었다. 둘째, 주관적 건강상태가 ‘나쁨’이 72.7%, 보유 만성질환 수는 평균 2.81개, 인지기능이 13.51점 으로 나타났다. 셋째, 일반적 특성과 건강행태, 건강수준 변수들이 우울에 미치는 영향요인을 분석한 결과, 무배우자일수록(p<.05), 인지기능이 낮을수록(p<.01), 주관적 건강감이 낮을수록(p<.001) 우울한 것으로 나타났다. 연령, 교육수준, 건강행태, 일상생활수행능력, 도구적 일상생활수행능력, 보유 만성질환 수에서는 우울정도에 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 다음과 같이 제언하고자한다. 첫째, 사회적 지지 및 가족지지를 포함한 심리 사회적 요인이나, 영양, 질병특성을 고려하여 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하는 심층연구가 필요하다. 둘째, 빈곤층 여성 노인을 대상으로 우울 감소를 위한 중재프로그램을 제공할 때 우선적으로 차별화된 맞춤식 중재가 요구되며 노인의 기초적인 생활보장문제와 인지기능과 주관적 건강상태를 고려한 지역사회 기반의 통합 프로그램의 개발 및 운영이 요구된다.