• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.519-527
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• 2013

The Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea set up 'the $2^{nd}$ Fundamental Plan for Wetlands Conservation' to facilitate systematic surveys and management of various national wetlands and to promote sustainable conservation and use of those wetlands. The mid-term fundamental plan was established in accordance with the Article 5 of the Wetland Conservation Act, which spans 5 years from 2013 to 2017 and covers national wetlands including inland wetlands and coastal wetlands stated in the Act. The fundamental plan aims to promote the wise use of wetlands through establishing policies for sustainable conservation based on the assessment of implementation of the $1^{st}$ Fundamental Plan, setting up a scientific framework for establishment and implementation of national wetland policies by improving wetland survey systems and enhancing basis wetland data, improving the ecological health of wetlands and securing biodiversity conservation of wetlands by strengthening conservation and management system of national wetlands, and through raising public awareness and diversify education and promotion tools. The main objectives of the $2^{nd}$ Fundamental Plan is to revise the entire Wetland Conservation Act, to create a new monitoring system of national inland wetlands, to upgrade the national wetlands inventory, to reflect the 'Ecological Map' for promoting precautionary management of wetlands, to improve the 'Wetland Restoration and Management' system to build wetlands resilience, and to systematize the wise use of wetlands that benefits local people. As the Ministry of Environment plans to establish its other master plan for wetland conservation based on the $2^{nd}$ Fundamental Plan, this document introduces the $2^{nd}$ Fundamental Plan to stakeholder and wetland professions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.192-205
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• 1998

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the status of dietitians' nutrition management in the elementary school lunch program. 84 elementary schools in Pusan that operated the conventional school lunch program system participated in this survey. They were grouped into schools that had started the school lunch program gofore('Previously") and after 1996("Newly"). 84.5% of dietitians were 20-29 years old and 44% of them had a career less 1 year old. 74.6% of "Previously" and 72.4% of "Newly" served their meals in the classrooms. The student's nutrition and preferences were mainly considered in menu planning in both groups. The standardized recipe was used in 90% of total schools but not effectively in both groups. The nutrient value of meals was evaluated by the dietitians in most schools. Nutrition surveys of the meals students ate at home were carried out in 27.3% of "Previously" and 13.8% of "Newly". Students preferences were studied regularly in 60% of "Previously" and 48.3% of "Newly" and students evaluations of meals served by the school lunch program in 52.7% of "Previously" and 34.5% of "Newly". In 92.7% of "Previously" and 72.4% of "Newly", nutrition education was executed but was done mostly by letterssent to students' parents(in about 95% of schools), with only 11.8% of schools educating within in their classrooms. There were few instructional media for nutrition education. The most of them used notice boards(48.0% of "Previously" and 41.6% of "Newly") . Evaluation studies on nutrition management, and nutrition education were hardly correlated to the dietitian's career and educational level. They were also not correlated to the number of meals served by the school lunch program. In conclusion, the status of the nutrition management in the elementary school lunch program was not good and schools that had started the school lunch program before ("Previously") and after 1996(Mewly") were not that different. It appears that most of the dietitians from elementary schools started the school lunch program before 1996 have followed the nutrition management method established in these schools. In order to have better management in the elementary school lunch program, we need to improve the dietitian's position and more studies in the fields fo better nutrition management and nutrition education should be done.ram, we need to improve the dietitian's position and more studies in the fields fo better nutrition management and nutrition education should be done.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2014

Objectives: Because of its properties such as resistance to heat, chemicals and corrosion; tensile strength; sound absorption; and affordable price, asbestos has been widely used as a building material, fire resistant and retardant, thermal and heat insulator, soundproofing material, and electrical insulation. Since the prolonged inhalation of asbestos can cause serious illnesses such as lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis after an incubation period of 20 to 40 years, the mineral was classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization. Children and infants are more at risk than are adults if they are exposed to carcinogens, due to aweaker immunity that has not yet been fully developed. Most childcare centers are operated all day and children tend to spend a great amount of time in the centers. This is why it is important for them to be systematically isolated from environments that may expose them to asbestos. Materials: In order to understand both indoor and outdoor hazards to which children may have been exposed, the study focused on actual surveys of asbestos used in childcare centers, paying special attention to slate-roofed buildings in the vicinity of the centers. Results: A survey of a total of 211 childcare centers showed that the buildings of 18.1% of the centers contained asbestos, with 60.53% of the material being found in classroom ceilings. "Tex" was the most used material for ceilings, making up 89.47% of all ceilings. An outdoor survey showed that childcare centers in Daegu Metropolitan City had an average of 143 slate-roof buildings within a distance of 1km. Conclusions: Buildings housing mainly toddlers, children, teenagers and others more vulnerable to the toxicity of asbestos are not subject to asbestos investigation by law. A legal and practical basis for asbestos control is required for such buildings. In particular, housing materials which contain asbestos in day care centers require asbestos control. GIS should be used to identify the location of buildings with slate roofing materials in the vicinity of daycare centers in order to gauge toxicity of exposure to asbestos caused by potential asbestos friability possibility in outdoor conditions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.406-425
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• 2019

To observe the seasonal fluctuation of the meiobenthic fauna community around the coastal area of Jeju island, 20 stations were selected and seasonal surveys were conducted. Three-replicate meiobenthic samples were collected from each station in April, July, and November 2017; February, May, August, and November 2018; and February in 2019, in a total of eight months from 2017 to 2019. The total density of meiobenthos at each station ranged from 733 to 2,505 ind. 10 cm^-2. The month in which the highest habitat density appeared in most stations was April 2017 and the month in which the lowest habitat density was seen was February 2019. Nematodes were the most dominant faunal group among the representative 13 meiofaunal groups at all stations. The subdominant groups were benthic harpacticoid copepods and nauplius. The nematode/copepod (N/C) ratio, reflecting the health indices within the ecosystem, varied from 0.02 to 87.40 over the entire season and the average station values ranged from 2.00 to 16.80. The lowest N/C ratio value was found in April 2017 (0.02) and the highest N/C ratio was found at Station 11 in February 2019, which was 87.40, indicating the highest level of pollution. Seasonal and regional meiobenthos community structure similarity was divided into three groups through group analysis and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis, which showed that the meiobenthos community structure was affected by seasonal variations, rather than by regional differences.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.646-652
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to verify the longitudinal reciprocal causal relationship between depression and the somatic symptoms of depression among adolescents through an autoregressive cross-lagged model using data from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey. The subjects of this study included 1,968 adolescents, who participated in the second, fourth, and sixth Korean Children & Youth Panel Surveys. The results showed that both depression and the somatic symptoms of depression at a previous point in time affect depression and the somatic symptoms of depression at a later point in time. It was also found that depression at a previous point in time has a cross-lagged effect on the somatic symptoms of depression at a later point in time, implying that more severe depression at a previous point in time leads to increased severity of somatic symptoms at a later point in time. It was found that the somatic symptoms of depression at a previous point in time have a cross-lagged effect on depression at a later point in time, indicating that more severe somatic symptoms of depression at a previous point in time lead to increased severity of depression at a later point in time. This study is significant in that it provides baseline information about nursing interventions for adolescent mental health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.276-282
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• 2018

This study was conducted to improve the quality of home-based cancer management programs through a survey of satisfaction and needs of the program provided by a regional cancer center. From March 2015 to October 2015, we conducted face to face surveys of patients and caregivers enrolled in home-based cancer management. A total of 101 patients, 59 patients and 41 caregivers, were enrolled. Breast cancer was the main cancer and 51 (86%) patients and 36 (85%) caregivers were satisfied with the number of visits for home-based cancer management. For the service application route, 22 patients (37.29%) obtained information through the cancer center publicity paper and 11 caregivers (26.19%) received recommendations from acquaintances. Except for treatment provided directly to the patients, psychological counseling was the most preferred, and satisfaction regarding picnic and cancer education were also high. Satisfaction with the program provided by regional cancer center was relatively high ($4.14{\pm}1.21$ on a 5-point scale). Additionally, satisfaction of the patients was higher than that of the caregivers, but this difference was not significant ($4.29{\pm}1.11$, $3.93{\pm}1.31$, p = 0.141). Self-esteem was higher among caregivers than patients, but this difference was not significant. To improve the quality of life of cancer patients and caregivers, it is necessary to develop customized programs considering patients' economic situations and need for psychological counseling.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.55-63
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• 2018

This study was intended to identify path structures through pathway analysis with an emphasis on the cognitive elements that influence the acculturative stress of marriage-based immigrant women. The results of the study were designed to establish a foundation for practical measures and policies to support marriage-based immigrant women to adjust their lives in the culture. This study has established research model on the path structure according to the psychological stress theory as to how social support, coping strategy, and acculturative attitude recognized as a cognitive element of marriage-based immigrant women on the acculturative stress and implement practical verification. In addition, control variables for the use of ages, education level, period of marriage, and income level of socio-demographic variables were analyzed. To obtain data for the study, convenience sampling and snowball sampling of marriage-based immigrant women that resided in the area of C and J were conducted simultaneously through surveys and applied to the analysis of 204 cases. Analysis of the path structure of influence of social support, coping strategies, and acculturative attitudes that were perceived as a cognitive element of marriage-based immigrant women influencing acculturative stress revealed that these factors were specifically weighted towards acculturative. Moreover, comprehensive acculturative attitude was identified as a crucial variable reducing the effects of acculturative stress during the acculturative procedures of marriage-based immigrant women. This assumes that establishing and performing policies supporting co-existence of homeland cultures of marriage-based immigrant women and Korean cultures might be an efficient action for dealing with acculturative stress rather than forcing them to adjust to Korean culture.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.2899-2905
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• 2010

To be applicable under electronic health record system in order to ensure semantic interoperability of clinical information, the development principle for clinical information model to reflect objective and function is required. The aim of this study is to develop the development principles for clinical information model and evaluate the Clinical Contents Model. In order to develop the principle, from November 2008 to March 2009, the surveys about 1) definition, 2) function and 3) quality criteria were done, and 4) the components of advanced model were analyzed. The study was processed in 3 levels. Firstly in the development level, key words and key words-paragraph were driven from the references, and the principles were drawn based on the clinical or functional importance and frequency. In the application level, the 3 experts of clinical information model assessed 30 Clinical Contents Models by applying it. In the feedback level, the Clinical Contents Model in which errors were found was modified. As the results, 18 development principles were derived with 3 categories which were structure, process and contents. The Clinical Contents Models were assessed with the principles, and the 17 models were found that they did not follow it. During the feedback process, the necessity of the advanced education of the principle and the establishment of the regular quality improvement strategy to use it is raised. The proposed development principle supports the consistent model-development between clinical information model developers, and could be used as evaluation criteria.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to target Chinese consumers of Korean agri-food through the analysis of agri-food brand identity images to set future directions for proposed agri-food exports to China. Since negotiations began for a free trade agreement (FTA) between Korea and China, some Koreans have worried about the Korean agriculture sector. The world trading system has undergone many changes in recent years. Since the start of FTA negotiations on agriculture, China and Korea have faced a heightened sense of crisis. China is trying to export agricultural products so actively that its agricultural exports could increase by more than 7% annually. China exported about one-tenth of its agricultural products to Korea in the period 2002-2010. Recently, the importance of brand identity has tended to increase, as the world becomes one unified market. In this situation, we should try to promote agri-food exports to China. It is very important to understand consumers' recognition of Korean food and the image of the Korean agri-food industry, to establish an export strategy. Research design, data, and methodology - This study targeted 2,800 adult men and women aged 25-59 years living in four major cities in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Qingdao) with a household income within the top 10% level in the China, using the one-to-one interview survey method. In addition, four groups by region (eight people per group) for a total of 32 groups were surveyed by using the focus group interview (FGI) research method, and impressions of imported agri-food were surveyed using 17 questions about fresh agri-food and 22 questions on processed agri-food. Factor analysis, brand positioning, biplot analysis, and so on, were carried out based on the results of these surveys. This research presents the brand identity of Korean food; according to the analyses, the brand identity is based on trust, safety, and attractiveness. Result - Factor analysis results showed that Chinese consumers expect four major qualities in imported fresh agri-food: freshness/safety, attractive appearance, premium branding, and excellent taste/quality. In the case of processed agri-food, it turned out that Chinese consumers are focused on safety/hygiene/freshness, health, and taste. In addition, in the fresh agri-food analysis by country, American foods had the upper hand; the image of American foods was also recognized as the most positive for processed agri-food. Meanwhile, according to the biplot analysis, Korean agri-food is strongly preferred for its appearance, but no country is strongly preferred as regards the level of freshness/safety that is expected by Chinese consumers. Conclusions - In this study, we analyzed the image of imported agri-food expected by Chinese consumers by reconstructing agri-food characteristics from the brand perspective. The research result shows that a Korean brand identity must be the ultimate goal for activities undertaken to enhance the image of Korean agri-food in the future. Additional research is needed because brand image can be formed through various channels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine prerequisite-program performance of the hospital foodservice operation and develop measures for improvement of prerequisite-program performance. Methods: Data were collected through surveys administered to 168 hospital dieticians in the Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Daegu, and North Gyeongsang areas. Out of total questionnaires, 65 questionnaires were usable and the response rate was 38.7%. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS program (ver 20.0) for ${\chi}^2-test$ and one-way ANOVA. Results: According to the result of the prerequisite-program evaluation, the percentage of 'appropriate', 'needs to be improved', and 'inappropriate' was 44.6%, 47.7%, and 7.7%, respectively. The score for the 'inappropriate' group was significantly lower than that of the 'appropriate' group or 'needs to be improved' group on the food safety management (p < 0.001), preparation facility management (p < 0.001), water management (p < 0.001), and storage transportation management (p < 0.05) parts. Holding rate of foodservice facility and equipments in the 'appropriate' group were significantly higher than in the others on convection oven (p < 0.01), air conditioner (p < 0.01), three-compartment sink (p < 0.01), hot-holding equipment (p < 0.01), cold-holding equipment (p < 0.05), exclusive thawing refrigerator (p < 0.05), and sterilizer for sanitary shoes (p < 0.05) items. Conclusion: To improve the quality of hospital foodservice, foodservice managers and HACCP specialists should develop and implement a prerequisite-program and a HACCP plan considering the characteristics of the hospital foodservice operation.