• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.490-495
• /
• 2021

Introduction: The risk of experiencing psychiatric symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic is high among healthcare workers whose occupations are in public health, emergency medicine, and intensive or critical care. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of fear of COVID-19 among 411 frontline Egyptian physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic; identify determinants and predictors for fear of COVID-19; determine the impact of fear of COVID-19 on job satisfaction; and detect the impact of fear of COVID-19 on turnover intention. Three standardized scales (fear of COVID-19, job satisfaction, and turnover intention scores) were used for data collection via online Google Form. Results: Regarding fear relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, 16.5% of the study subjects were classified as experiencing a severe fear level, while 78.1% experienced a moderate degree. A significant association between the level of fear relating to COVID-19 and the work department. The highest degree of fear is in a general-educational-university facility. Regarding job satisfaction, 42% of those having a severe level of fear are dissatisfied. Fear of COVID-19 is negatively associated with job satisfaction while positively significant correlated with turnover scores, a positive significant predictor of turnover intention. Job satisfaction is negatively associated with turnover intention; a negative significant predictor of turnover intention. Conclusions: Frontline Egyptian physicians reported higher levels of fear relating to the COVID-19 pandemic (moderate to severe). Increased fear levels relating to COVID-19 have a relationship with lower levels of job satisfaction and higher levels of job turnover.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had various effects on mankind, especially children and adolescents. Because children and adolescents spend a lot of time at school, COVID-19 has had a great impact on school mental health. In this study, we investigated the effect of prolonged COVID-19 on school mental health. Methods: We prepared self-report questionnaires for depression (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI), anxiety (Korean version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children; Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7), and post-traumatic stress (Primary Care Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, PC-PTSD) for administering to students aged between 7 and 18 years, recruited by a COVID-19 psychological prevention support group in the Gwangmyeong Mental Health Welfare Center for 2 years, in 2020 and 2021. Results: For children aged 7-12 years, there was no significant difference between the years 2020 and 2021 in the assessment of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Conversely, for adolescents aged 13-18 years, there was a significant increase in the scale scores (CDI, PC-PTSD, and GAD-7). Conclusion: Prolonged COVID-19 might have had a significant impact on the mental health of adolescents who spent a lot of time at school. When comparing the years 2020 and 2021, middle and high school students were more affected by COVID-19 than elementary school students.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.514-524
• /
• 2016

The Bio-Climatic impact Assessment System, BioCAS was utilized to produce analysis maps of daily maximum perceived temperature ($PT_{max}$) and excess mortality ($r_{EM}$) over the entire Seoul area on a heat wave event. The spatial resolution was 25 m and the Aug. 5, 2012 was the selected heat event date. The analyzed results were evaluated by comparing with observed health impact data - mortality and morbidity - during heat waves in 2004-2013 and 2006-2011,respectively. They were aggregated for 25 districts in Seoul. Spatial resolution of the comparison was equalized to district to match the lower data resolution of mortality and morbidity. Spatial maximum, minimum, average, and total of $PT_{max}$ and $r_{EM}$ were generated and correlated to the health impact data of mortality and morbidity. Correlation results show that the spatial averages of $PT_{max}$ and $r_{EM}$ were not able to explain the observed health impact. Instead, spatial minimum and maximum of $PT_{max}$ were correlated with mortality (r=0.53) and morbidity (r=0.42),respectively. Spatial maximum of $PT_{max}$, determined by building density, affected increasing morbidity at daytime by heat-related diseases such as sunstroke, whereas spatial minimum, determined by vegetation, affected decreasing mortality at nighttime by reducing heat stress. On the other hand, spatial maximum of $r_{EM}$ was correlated with morbidity (r=0.52) but not with mortality. It may have been affected by the limit of district-level irregularity such as difference in base-line heat vulnerability due to the age structure of the population. Areal distribution of the heat impact by local building and vegetation, such as spatial maximum and minimum, was more important than spatial mean. Such high resolution analyses are able to produce quantitative results in health impact and can also be used for economic analyses of localized urban development.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.1009-1022
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the beverage consumption and related factors of undergraduates in Jeonnam. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 480 undergraduates in Jeonnam from June 1 to 15, 2016 based on convenience sampling. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, beverage intake frequency, and awareness of beverage. Results: Carbonated beverage intake was 3.05 times per week and five kinds of beverage consumption was 12.48 times per week. Higher beverage intake was closely related to male students, higher beverage purchase, and lower awareness toward oral health impact by beverage and sugar contents. Conclusions: The recognition level of beverage related to oral health had an impact on the frequency of drink intake. It is necessary to educate the dietary guide for appropriate oral health management in beverage intake.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2016

This study performed an investigation to determine the impact of the oral health status and oral health behavior of pregnant women on quality of life and analyzed the results. The data was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test for the key measuring parameters by using PASW Statistics 18.0. There were significant differences in subjective oral health status and oral health interest had significant differences depending on the period of in pregnancy. 46.5% of surveyed subjects considered themselves as 'healthy', and 51.2% considered their oral health status was 'healthy' while 57.5 responded they were interested in the oral health. As for the quality of life according to the oral health behaviors, when the subjects did not have any experience of receiving oral health education, when the tooth brushings were ${\leq}3$ times, when they had not received examination on a regular basis, and when they had no experience of scaling, the quality of life was very low. Significant impact variables on the OHIP-14 include longer pregnancy term, no experience of childbirth, subjective health status and poorer subjective oral health status, and the low health-related quality of life. In this study, it was considered as necessary to develop improved oral health education programs because the oral health-related quality of life was closely associated with oral health and oral health behaviors perceived subjectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.140-147
• /
• 2018

Objectives: Environmental pollution is a negative consequence of the development process, and many countries are grappling with this phenomenon. As a developing country, Iran is not exempt from this rule, and Iran pays huge expenditures for the consequences of pollution. The aim of this study was to analyze the long- and short-run impact of air pollution, along with other health indicators, on private and public health expenditures. Methods: This study was an applied and developmental study. Autoregressive distributed lag estimating models were used for the period of 1972 to 2014. In order to determine the co-integration between health expenditures and the infant mortality rate, fertility rate, per capita income, and pollution, we used the Wald test in Microfit version 4.1. We then used Eviews version 8 to evaluate the stationarity of the variables and to estimate the long- and short-run relationships. Results: Long-run air pollution had a positive and significant effect on health expenditures, so that a 1.00% increase in the index of carbon dioxide led to an increase of 3.32% and 1.16% in public and private health expenditures, respectively. Air pollution also had a greater impact on health expenditures in the long term than in the short term. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that among the factors affecting health expenditures, environmental quality and contaminants played the most important role. Therefore, in order to reduce the financial burden of health expenditures in Iran, it is essential to reduce air pollution by enacting and implementing laws that protect the environment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.1093-1104
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of chronic disease on oral health behavior. Methods: The subjects were 317 adults over 30-years old living in urban and rural areas. They were selected by convenience sampling method and filled out the self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, dental treatment, chronic disease, and oral health behavior including oral health self-care behavior and professional oral health care. Results: The self-care oral health behavior and the professional oral health care had a negative correlation with the chronic diseases. Especially, the self-care oral health behavior and the professional oral health care had a statistically significant negative correlation with hypertension and osteoporosis. Multiple regression analysis was performed after including general characteristics, dental treatment, chronic disease. Meanwhile the presence of chronic disease had a significant influence on the self-care oral health behavior and the professional oral health care. Hypertension and Osteoporosis were the most influential factors of chronic diseases and had a significant influence on the oral health behavior. In conclusion, the chronic diseases aggravated the oral health behavior practice. Conclusions: presence of chronic disease affects oral health behavior. Therefore, the effective intervention and education programs related to oral health care are necessary to enhance adult's oral health behavior and total health. The continuous follow-up study will determine the causal relationship between oral health behavior and the presence of chronic disease.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.397-405
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The impact of climate change on the health has been of increasing concern due to a recent temperature increase and weather abnormality, and the research results of the impact varied depending on regions. We synthesized risk estimates of the overall health effects of low and high temperature taking account of the heterogeneity. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PUBMED to identify journal articles of low and/or high temperature effects on mortality. The search was limited to the English language and epidemiological studies using time-series analysis and/or case-crossover design. Random-effect models in meta analysis were used to estimate the percent increase in mortality with $1^{\circ}C$ temperature decrease or increase with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in cold or hot days. Results: Twenty three studies were presented in two tables: 1) low temperature effects; 2) high temperature effects on mortality. The combined effects of low and high temperatures on total mortality were 2% (95% CI, 1-4%) per $1^{\circ}C$ decrease and 4% (95% CI, 2-5%) per $1^{\circ}C$ increase of temperature, respectively. Conclusions: This meta analysis found that both low and high temperatures affected mortality, and the magnitude of high temperature appeared to be stronger than that of low temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.813-821
• /
• 2012

Environmental and public health concern for the emission of air pollutants from burn-up process in waste incineration plants located in the vicinity of living environment was increased during the past decade. The purpose of this study was to suggest of the simple and rapid method of priority setting model for the decision of full-scale public health assessment. This method was consists of total 5-step. Step 1 was "secure the satellite map" and we can use the satellite map which serves from the website such as NAVER Co. Step 2 was "drawing mesh on the map" for catch the point of occupation of environmental sensitivity facilities, and step 3 was "identification and sorting of the facilities", Step 4 was "setting of weight" using the "weighted linear combination (WLC) method". Finally, all facility was sorted by score. As a result, we can set a priority of 145 facilities based on 177 facilities which managed in local government. Facilities in Seoul metropolitan area was high rank in priority list. On the other side, Facilities located at the country or rural area was low rank because of low occupation of the house and the environmental sensitivity facilities such as kindergarten, elementary school, and hospital. In this study, we suggested simple and rapid method that using for screening procedure of public health assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.266-272
• /
• 2015

Objectives : This study examined the impact of peer's suicide on mental health of middle-school students. The aim of this study was to describe the course of posttraumatic stress and grief reaction, suicide ideation, and depression score among adolescents after exposure to peer's suicide and to examine the relationship between posttraumatic stress and other mental health scores in these subjects. Methods : Thirty seven middle school students who were exposed to the suicidal death of a peer completed self-report measures to assess levels of depression, grief reaction, post-traumatic stress, and suicide ideation at 1 month and 8 months after the peer's suicide. Results : There was no significant change in mental health scores between 1 month and 8 months. Level of posttraumatic stress after 8 months was related to acute grief response. Subjects who experienced a clinically significant level of suicidal ideation and posttraumatic stress showed more mental health problems. Conclusion : The results suggested that peer's suicide strongly impacted mental health issues of adolescents at a critical time of adolescent development. Clinicians should perform a thorough evaluation of mental health problems for youth who experienced peer's suicide and help them in management of their grief reaction.